GIOVE-A (Galileo In-Orbit Validation Element) is a European (ESA) navigational satellite. The 600-kg satellite was launched by a Soyuz-Fregat rocket from Baikonur at 05:19 UT on 2005 December 28. It is the first member of a planned fleet of 30 Galileo satellites to operate independent of the American GPS and the Russian GLONASS fleets, though quite compatible with either. The ESA fleet may involve technical/financial participation by India and China. Unlike the GPS and GLONASS, which are under military control, the Galileo fleet will be wholly civilian-controlled, with global access guaranteed to the public ("except in direst emergencies") and providing a one-meter resolution, comparable to the resolution of the other fleets that is available for their militaries. The full Galileo fleet will be completed by 2010. (ESA expects that the profits from the accesses through 2020 will total to about five-fold of the investment.) The initial orbit of GIOVE-A is circular, at an altitude of 23,613 km, with a period 841 min and inclination 56 degrees.
GIOVE-A and GIOVE-B were deactivated and retired in July, 2012.
Alternate Names
Galileo In-Orbit Validation Element
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 2005-12-28
Launch Vehicle: Soyuz-Fregat
Launch Site: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), Kazakhstan