176     9778    9954    6025    15979   7284    23263   5934    29197   3827    33024   11334   44358   2459    46817   6591    53408   11280   64688   7323    72011   2342    <!DOCTYPE html>
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    <title>At Work 1</title>

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        <div class="chapter_number">Chapter 40</div>
        <div class="chapter_name">At Work</div>
        <div class="blurb">Up until now, we&rsquo;ve been learning grammatical building
        blocks and talking about pretty simple subject matter. It&rsquo;s finally time to go
        to work. In this lesson, we&rsquo;ll learn the vocabulary to get around and get
        things done at your place of employment.</div>
        <div><img src="divider@2x.png" class="divider" /></div>

<p class="bodycopy">Let&rsquo;s get right to the vocabulary.</p>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="33%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header" width="33%">-Te Form</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="34%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v698_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v698_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v698_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v698_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_shigoto');"><span class="nw">しごと</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">work (the concept)</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v699_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v699_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v699_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v699_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_shigoto-ba');"><span class="nw">しごとば</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">work (the place)</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v700_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v700_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v700_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v700_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_arubaito');"><span class="nw">アルバイト</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">part-time job</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v701_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v701_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v701_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v701_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_mise');"><span class="nw">みせ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">a shop</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v702_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v702_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v702_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v702_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_koujou');"><span class="nw">こうじょう</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">factory</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v703_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v703_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v703_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v703_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_jimusho');"><span class="nw">じむしょ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">office</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v704_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v704_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v704_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v704_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_kaisha');"><span class="nw">かいしゃ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">company</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v705_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v705_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v705_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v705_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_kyuuryou');"><span class="nw">きゅうりょう</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">(one&rsquo;s) pay</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v706_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v706_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v706_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v706_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_hatarakimasu');"><span class="nw">はたらきます</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v706_col2" ontouchstart="turnOn('v706_col2');" ontouchend="turnOff('v706_col2');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v706_col2');" onclick="playSound('Work_hataraite');"><span class="nw">はたらいて</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">to work</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->


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    <title>At Work 2</title>

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        <div class="subheading_level_2">Notes</div>


<p class="bodycopy"><i>Shigoto</i> refers to &ldquo;work&rdquo; as in &ldquo;What do you do for work?&rdquo; or
        &ldquo;I leave for work at 9:00.&rdquo; <i>Shigoto-ba</i> refers specifically to the
        physical location.</p>

<p class="bodycopy"><i>Arubaito</i> is a loan
        word from a German word meaning &ldquo;work.&rdquo; 
        Among young people, this word is often shortened to <i>baito</i>.</p>

<p class="bodycopy"><i>Kaisha</i> means
        &ldquo;a company,&rdquo; but it can also mean &ldquo;the company,&rdquo; as in
        &ldquo;the company I work for.&rdquo; <i>Sha</i> by itself is something like the
        abbreviation &ldquo;corp.,&rdquo; and sometimes Japanese people will refer to an
        anonymous company as <i>ABC-sha</i>, or some
        such name.</p>

<p class="bodycopy"><i>Kyuuryou</i> is the
        whole reason we work&mdash;the pay. You can
        say that your pay is good (<i>kyuuryou ga ii</i>)
        or bad (<i>kyuuryou ga warui / yasui</i>).</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Let&rsquo;s try a few sentences that use words from this list,
        plus the particle <i>de</i> from our last
        lesson:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-10');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s720" onclick="playSound('Work_dokode-hataraite-imasuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s720');" ontouchend="turnOff('s720');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s720');"><span class="nw">どこで　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">はたらいて　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いますか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b720" onclick="showTranslation('b720', 't720');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b720');" ontouchend="turnOff('b720');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b720');">(show translation)</span><span id="t720" style="display:none;">Where are you working? = Where do you work?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-20');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s721" onclick="playSound('Work_SONI-de-hatarate-imasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s721');" ontouchend="turnOff('s721');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s721');"><span class="nw">ソニーで　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">はたらいて　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">います。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b721" onclick="showTranslation('b721', 't721');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b721');" ontouchend="turnOff('b721');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b721');">(show translation)</span><span id="t721" style="display:none;">I work at Sony.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-30');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s722" onclick="playSound('Work_sokode,donna-shigotowo-shite-imasuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s722');" ontouchend="turnOff('s722');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s722');"><span class="nw">そこで、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">どんな　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しごとを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">して　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いますか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b722" onclick="showTranslation('b722', 't722');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b722');" ontouchend="turnOff('b722');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b722');">(show translation)</span><span id="t722" style="display:none;">What kind of work do you do there?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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    <title>At Work 3</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">When discussing work, in English we tend to use the habitual
        present tense (&ldquo;I work at Honda.&rdquo;), but in Japanese people almost always use
        the present progressive (&ldquo;I am working at Honda.&rdquo;)</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Let&rsquo;s learn the names of a few different professions.</p>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="50%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="50%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v707_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v707_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v707_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v707_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_kyouju');"><span class="nw">きょうじゅ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">professor</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v708_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v708_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v708_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v708_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_bengoshi');"><span class="nw">べんごし</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">lawyer</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v709_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v709_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v709_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v709_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_sarariiman');"><span class="nw">サラリーマン</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">office worker</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v710_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v710_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v710_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v710_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_hisho');"><span class="nw">ひしょ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">secretary</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v711_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v711_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v711_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v711_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_ten-in');"><span class="nw">てんいん</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">shopkeeper</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v712_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v712_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v712_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v712_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_sofuto');"><span class="nw">ソフト</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">software</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v713_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v713_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v713_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v713_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_puroguramaa');"><span class="nw">プログラマー</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">programmer</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->

        <div class="subheading_level_2">Notes</div>


<p class="bodycopy"><i>Sarariiman</i> are the
        quintessential Japanese white-collar workers. 
        These are the guys that pack the trains in rush-hour traffic every
        morning and night.  Small cogs in the
        corporate machine, they slave all day long for their namesake salary.  When you see TV shows that depict corporate Japan,
        you&rsquo;re seeing <i>sarariiman</i>.  When you observe groups of businessmen
        socializing at bars, you&rsquo;re seeing <i>sarariiman</i>.  The word has become an umbrella term for any
        corporate, white-collar worker, regardless of what they actually do for the
        company.</p>


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    <title>At Work 4</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">When describing someone as a lawyer, a doctor, or so on, you
        can simply use <i>desu</i>. For example, &ldquo;John is a salaried
        worker&rdquo; becomes, <i>Jon-san wa
        sarariiman desu</i>.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">It is, of course, impossible to try to teach the names of
        all possible professions, but there are several tricks you can use to be able
        to describe any sort of employment. One
        way is simply to say you work at a certain kind of company. 
        You could still say, <i>Ginkou de hataraite imasu</i>, &ldquo;I&rsquo;m working at a bank.&rdquo;</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-40');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s723" onclick="playSound('Work_suzukisanha-daigakude-hataraite-imasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s723');" ontouchend="turnOff('s723');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s723');"><span class="nw">すずきさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">だいがくで　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">はたらいて　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">います。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b723" onclick="showTranslation('b723', 't723');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b723');" ontouchend="turnOff('b723');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b723');">(show translation)</span><span id="t723" style="display:none;">Mr. Suzuki works at a college.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">Another trick is to use the suffixes <i>-ya</i> and <i>-yasan</i>. 
        As we&rsquo;ve seen before, <i>-ya</i> can tag onto any product to mean a store that sells that
        product. For example, <i>hon</i> is, of course, &ldquo;book,&rdquo; so 
        <i>hon-ya</i> is &ldquo;a bookstore.&rdquo; So you can say that a person works at one of
        these places by using the verb <i>hatarakimasu</i>.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-50');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s724" onclick="playSound('Work_marikosanha-PANyade-hataraite-imasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s724');" ontouchend="turnOff('s724');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s724');"><span class="nw">まりこさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">パンやで　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">はたらいて　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">います。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b724" onclick="showTranslation('b724', 't724');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b724');" ontouchend="turnOff('b724');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b724');">(show translation)</span><span id="t724" style="display:none;">Mariko works at a bakery.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-60');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s725" onclick="playSound('Work_JON-honya');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s725');" ontouchend="turnOff('s725');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s725');"><span class="nw">ジョンさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ほんやで　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">はたらいて　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">います。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b725" onclick="showTranslation('b725', 't725');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b725');" ontouchend="turnOff('b725');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b725');">(show translation)</span><span id="t725" style="display:none;">John works at a bookstore.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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<p class="bodycopy">This is handy, since you can create a word for any type of
        store at all. But there&rsquo;s an even easier
        way to say someone works at such a store. 
        The easiest thing of all is to use <i>-yasan</i>, 
        which all by itself means a person that works somewhere. For example, if <i>hon-ya</i> is &ldquo;a bookstore,&rdquo; 
        then <i>hon-yasan</i> is &ldquo;a person who works at a bookstore.&rdquo;</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-70');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s726" onclick="playSound('Work_marikosanha-hanayasan-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s726');" ontouchend="turnOff('s726');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s726');"><span class="nw">まりこさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">はなやさん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b726" onclick="showTranslation('b726', 't726');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b726');" ontouchend="turnOff('b726');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b726');">(show translation)</span><span id="t726" style="display:none;">Mariko is a florist.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-80');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s727" onclick="playSound('Work_JONsanha-KONPYU-TA-yasan-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s727');" ontouchend="turnOff('s727');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s727');"><span class="nw">ジョンさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">コンピューターやさん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b727" onclick="showTranslation('b727', 't727');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b727');" ontouchend="turnOff('b727');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b727');">(show translation)</span><span id="t727" style="display:none;">John is a computer shop worker.</span></div>
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<p class="bodycopy">Let&rsquo;s look at one more vocab list.</p>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="33%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header" width="33%">-Te Form</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="34%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v714_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v714_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v714_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v714_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_shachou');"><span class="nw">しゃちょう</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">president of company</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v715_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v715_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v715_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v715_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_buchou');"><span class="nw">ぶちょう</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">department head</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v716_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v716_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v716_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v716_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_juugyouin');"><span class="nw">じゅうぎょういん</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">employee</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v717_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v717_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v717_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v717_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_douryou');"><span class="nw">どうりょう</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">colleague</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v718_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v718_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v718_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v718_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_henshuu');"><span class="nw">へんしゅう</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">editing</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v719_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v719_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v719_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v719_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_bu');"><span class="nw">～ぶ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">~ Department</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v720_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v720_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v720_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v720_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_bumon');"><span class="nw">ぶもん</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">department</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v721_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v721_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v721_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v721_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_kachou');"><span class="nw">かちょう</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">section head</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v722_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v722_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v722_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v722_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_kaikei');"><span class="nw">かいけい</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">accounting</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v723_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v723_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v723_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v723_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_ka');"><span class="nw">～か</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">~ Section</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v724_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v724_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v724_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v724_col1');" onclick="playSound('Work_machimasu');"><span class="nw">まちます</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v724_col2" ontouchstart="turnOn('v724_col2');" ontouchend="turnOff('v724_col2');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v724_col2');" onclick="playSound('Work_matte');"><span class="nw">まって</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">to wait</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->

        <div class="subheading_level_2">Notes</div>


<p class="bodycopy">The <i>shachou</i> is the
        president of the company.  <i>Sha</i> is the same root as from the word 
        <i>kaisha</i>, and <i>chou</i> means the person in charge. 
        We see the same <i>chou</i> in the
        words <i>buchou</i> and <i>kachou</i>.</p>


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<p class="bodycopy">The suffix <i>-bu</i> can
        be added to a noun to mean a department in a company that handles that thing.  For example, <i>henshuu</i> is editing, so the <i>henshuu-bu</i>
        would be the &ldquo;editing department.&rdquo; 
        The chief of such a department is known as the <i>buchou</i>.  The generic word for
        &ldquo;a department&rdquo; that you are not naming specifically is <i>bumon</i>. </p>

<p class="bodycopy">Within the various departments in a Japanese corporation,
        there are smaller sections.  Just as the
        suffix <i>-bu</i> is used to create names of
        departments, the suffix <i>-ka</i> can be
        used to create the names of sections. 
        For example, <i>kaikei</i> means
        &ldquo;accounting,&rdquo; so the <i>kaikei-ka</i>
        would be &ldquo;the accounting section.&rdquo; 
        The chief of a section is the <i>kachou</i>. </p>

<p class="bodycopy">Obviously, there are scores of different sections and
        departments in an average company, and their organization varies between different
        companies. But now you know the fundamental vocabulary used in creating the
        organizational names. </p>

<p class="bodycopy">I included another useful verb in this list.  <i>Machimasu</i>
        means &ldquo;to wait.&rdquo;  A very
        oft-heard phrase is <i>Chotto matte kudasai</i>.  <i>Matte
        kudasai</i> by itself, is, of course, &ldquo;Please wait.&rdquo;  Adding <i>chotto</i>
        (&ldquo;a little&rdquo;) in the front makes it softer, as in &ldquo;Please wait a
        moment,&rdquo; or &ldquo;Just a minute, please.&rdquo;</p>


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<p class="bodycopy">In English, we usually say that we wait &ldquo;for&rdquo; things. 
        But in Japanese, the thing we are awaiting becomes the direct object of the sentence. 
        Therefore, to say &ldquo;I waited for John,&rdquo; we would say <i>Watashi
        wa <strong>Jon-san wo</strong> machimashita</i>.
</p>
<p class="bodycopy">
        At first, this might feel awkward, since it looks like it would mean &ldquo;I waited John.&rdquo; 
        But if you use the word &ldquo;await&rdquo; instead of &ldquo;wait,&rdquo; it feels more natural: &ldquo;I awaited John.&rdquo; 
</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-90');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s728" onclick="playSound('Work_marikosanha-denshawo-matte-imasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s728');" ontouchend="turnOff('s728');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s728');"><span class="nw">まりこさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">でんしゃを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">まって　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">います。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b728" onclick="showTranslation('b728', 't728');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b728');" ontouchend="turnOff('b728');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b728');">(show translation)</span><span id="t728" style="display:none;">Mariko is waiting for the train.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-100');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s729" onclick="playSound('Work_JONsanha-denwawo-machimashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s729');" ontouchend="turnOff('s729');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s729');"><span class="nw">ジョンさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">でんわを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">まちました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b729" onclick="showTranslation('b729', 't729');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b729');" ontouchend="turnOff('b729');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b729');">(show translation)</span><span id="t729" style="display:none;">John waited for the phone call.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-110');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s730" onclick="playSound('Work_naniwo-matte-imasuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s730');" ontouchend="turnOff('s730');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s730');"><span class="nw">なにを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">まって　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いますか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b730" onclick="showTranslation('b730', 't730');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b730');" ontouchend="turnOff('b730');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b730');">(show translation)</span><span id="t730" style="display:none;">What are you waiting for?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-120');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s731" onclick="playSound('Work_suzukisan,chotto-matte-kudasai');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s731');" ontouchend="turnOff('s731');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s731');"><span class="nw">すずきさん、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ちょっと　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">まって　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ください。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b731" onclick="showTranslation('b731', 't731');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b731');" ontouchend="turnOff('b731');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b731');">(show translation)</span><span id="t731" style="display:none;">Miss Suzuki! Please wait a moment!</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

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    <title>At Work 9</title>

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        <div class="subheading_level_1">Dialog</div>


<p class="bodycopy">To finish up, let&rsquo;s see a brief work-related conversation between John and Mariko.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_john@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-130');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s732" onclick="playSound('Work_marikosan,dokode-hataraite-imasuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s732');" ontouchend="turnOff('s732');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s732');"><span class="nw">まりこさん、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">どこで　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">はたらいて　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いますか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b732" onclick="showTranslation('b732', 't732');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b732');" ontouchend="turnOff('b732');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b732');">(show translation)</span><span id="t732" style="display:none;">Mariko, where do you work?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_mariko@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-140');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s733" onclick="playSound('Work_toukyouno-SOFUTOno-kaishade-hataraite-imasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s733');" ontouchend="turnOff('s733');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s733');"><span class="nw">とうきょうの　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ソフトの　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">かいしゃで　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">はたらいて　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">います。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b733" onclick="showTranslation('b733', 't733');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b733');" ontouchend="turnOff('b733');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b733');">(show translation)</span><span id="t733" style="display:none;">I work at a software company in Tokyo.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_john@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-150');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s734" onclick="playSound('Work_tanoshii-shigoto-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s734');" ontouchend="turnOff('s734');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s734');"><span class="nw">たのしい　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しごと　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b734" onclick="showTranslation('b734', 't734');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b734');" ontouchend="turnOff('b734');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b734');">(show translation)</span><span id="t734" style="display:none;">Is it enjoyable work?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_mariko@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-160');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s735" onclick="playSound('Work_un,shachouha-yasashii-douryoumo-yasashii-hitotachi-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s735');" ontouchend="turnOff('s735');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s735');"><span class="nw">うん、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しゃちょうは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">やさしい。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">どうりょうも　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">やさしい　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ひとたち　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b735" onclick="showTranslation('b735', 't735');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b735');" ontouchend="turnOff('b735');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b735');">(show translation)</span><span id="t735" style="display:none;">Yeah, the president is nice. My colleagues are nice people, too.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_john@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-170');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s736" onclick="playSound('Work_ii-desunewatashiha-bengoshi-desu-kedo,-shachouha-totemo-kibishii-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s736');" ontouchend="turnOff('s736');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s736');"><span class="nw">いい　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですね。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">わたしは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">べんごし　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">けど、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しゃちょうは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">とても　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">きびしい　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しごとも　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">むずかしい。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">でも、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">きゅうりょうが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いい。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b736" onclick="showTranslation('b736', 't736');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b736');" ontouchend="turnOff('b736');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b736');">(show translation)</span><span id="t736" style="display:none;">That sounds nice. I&rsquo;m an attorney, and our president is really mean. The work is difficult, too. But the pay is good.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_mariko@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-180');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s737" onclick="playSound('Work_itsu-kara-sokode-hataraite-imasuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s737');" ontouchend="turnOff('s737');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s737');"><span class="nw">いつ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">から　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">そこで　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">はたらいて　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いますか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b737" onclick="showTranslation('b737', 't737');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b737');" ontouchend="turnOff('b737');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b737');">(show translation)</span><span id="t737" style="display:none;">How long have you worked there. (&ldquo;From when are you working there?&rdquo;)</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

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        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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    <title>At Work 10</title>

    <link type="text/css" href="main.css" rel="stylesheet" />
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        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_john@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-190');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s738" onclick="playSound('Work_kyonenno-natsu-kara-desu-marikosanha-itsu-kara-SOFUTOno-kaishade-hataraite-imasuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s738');" ontouchend="turnOff('s738');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s738');"><span class="nw">きょねんの　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">なつ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">から　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">まりこさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いつ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">から　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ソフトの　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">かいしゃで　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">はたらいて　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いますか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b738" onclick="showTranslation('b738', 't738');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b738');" ontouchend="turnOff('b738');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b738');">(show translation)</span><span id="t738" style="display:none;">From last summer. How long have you worked at the software company?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_mariko@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-200');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s739" onclick="playSound('Work_kotoshino-nigatsu-kara-desu-ne,hirogohanwo-tabemashouka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s739');" ontouchend="turnOff('s739');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s739');"><span class="nw">ことしの　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">にがつ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">から　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ねえ、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ひるごはんを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">たべましょうか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b739" onclick="showTranslation('b739', 't739');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b739');" ontouchend="turnOff('b739');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b739');">(show translation)</span><span id="t739" style="display:none;">From February of this year. Hey, shall we get some lunch?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_john@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-work-210');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s740" onclick="playSound('Work_ii-desune');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s740');" ontouchend="turnOff('s740');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s740');"><span class="nw">いい　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですね。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b740" onclick="showTranslation('b740', 't740');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b740');" ontouchend="turnOff('b740');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b740');">(show translation)</span><span id="t740" style="display:none;">Sounds good.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


        <div class="subheading_level_2">Notes</div>


<p class="bodycopy"><i>Kyonen no natsu kara
        desu:</i> John chose to answer Mariko&rsquo;s question without repeating the full predicate.
        The full response would have been <i>Kyonen
        no natsu kara <u>soko de hataraite imasu</u></i>.  The only information Mariko is really looking
        for, though, is the time element. <i>Desu</i>
        is sometimes used to abbreviate another verb in this way.</p>

<p class="bodycopy"><i>Watashi wa bengoshi
        desu kedo</i>...: You probably noticed that I translated this kedo as &ldquo;and&rdquo;
        instead of &ldquo;but.&rdquo; Japanese people frequently use this construction when they
        need to preface what they really want to say with some surrounding facts. John
        wants to talk about how his boss is mean and the work is difficult. The line of
        work itself is not his main point. He just wants to set up the premise so that
        he can go on to the real point. In English, we tend to use the word &ldquo;and&rdquo; for
        this, but the Japanese use &ldquo;but.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy"><i>Nee</i> can be used in
        the front of sentences to act as a gentle nudge, like the word,
        &ldquo;hey.&rdquo; </p>


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    <title>At Work 11</title>

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        <div class="subheading_level_1">Summary</div>


<p class="bodycopy">In this lesson, we learned vocabulary relating to work. 
        We also learned how to say we work at a particular company using the particle <i>de</i>.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">
We observed that in Japanese you talk about
        your work in the present progressive (&ldquo;I am working at Honda&rdquo;) instead of the
        habitual present (&ldquo;I work at Honda&rdquo;) like we do in English.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">We also learned the verb <i>machimasu</i>, &ldquo;to wait,&rdquo; and 
noted that when you wait &ldquo;for&rdquo; something, that thing becomes the direct object in Japanese. So to 
say that you waited for the train, you would say <i><strong>Densha wo</strong> machimashita.</i>
We noted that this is similar to the way the verb &ldquo;await&rdquo; works in English.
</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Your work this chapter has been exemplary, dear reader. 
Before pressing on, take a 15-minute break to make sure you&rsquo;ve got it all figured out with the quizzes below.</p>

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<p class="bodycopy">Next, we&rsquo;ll take a look at a new construction that allows us to say what we want to do.</p>
    
          
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