240     10299   10539   8388    18927   3145    22072   6202    28274   9203    37477   6811    44288   7768    52056   2257    54313   7868    62181   7463    69644   7051    76695   4067    80762   6014    86776   10553   97329   3041    <!DOCTYPE html>
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        <div class="chapter_number">Chapter 29</div>
        <div class="chapter_name">Verbs, Part 2</div>
        <div class="blurb">Now that we know how to use verbs that take the particle <i>wo</i>, we&rsquo;re ready to really begin

expanding our verbal vocabulary. In this lesson, we&rsquo;ll be adding a couple dozen
new verbs to our repertoire.</div>
        <div><img src="divider@2x.png" class="divider" /></div>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="33%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header" width="33%">-Te Form</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="34%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v425_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v425_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v425_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v425_col1');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_shimasu');"><span class="nw">します</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v425_col2" ontouchstart="turnOn('v425_col2');" ontouchend="turnOff('v425_col2');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v425_col2');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_shite');"><span class="nw">して</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">to do</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v426_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v426_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v426_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v426_col1');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_hanashimasu');"><span class="nw">はなします</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v426_col2" ontouchstart="turnOn('v426_col2');" ontouchend="turnOff('v426_col2');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v426_col2');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_hanashite');"><span class="nw">はなして</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">to speak</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v427_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v427_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v427_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v427_col1');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_kikimasu');"><span class="nw">ききます</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v427_col2" ontouchstart="turnOn('v427_col2');" ontouchend="turnOff('v427_col2');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v427_col2');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_kiite');"><span class="nw">きいて</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">to hear / to ask</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v428_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v428_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v428_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v428_col1');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_kakimasu');"><span class="nw">かきます</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v428_col2" ontouchstart="turnOn('v428_col2');" ontouchend="turnOff('v428_col2');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v428_col2');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_kaite');"><span class="nw">かいて</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">to write</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v429_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v429_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v429_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v429_col1');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_kaimasu');"><span class="nw">かいます</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v429_col2" ontouchstart="turnOn('v429_col2');" ontouchend="turnOff('v429_col2');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v429_col2');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_katte');"><span class="nw">かって</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">to buy</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v430_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v430_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v430_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v430_col1');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_tachimasu');"><span class="nw">たちます</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v430_col2" ontouchstart="turnOn('v430_col2');" ontouchend="turnOff('v430_col2');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v430_col2');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_tatte');"><span class="nw">たって</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">to stand</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v431_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v431_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v431_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v431_col1');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_suwarimasu');"><span class="nw">すわります</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v431_col2" ontouchstart="turnOn('v431_col2');" ontouchend="turnOff('v431_col2');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v431_col2');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_suwatte');"><span class="nw">すわって</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">to sit</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v432_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v432_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v432_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v432_col1');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_wakarimasu');"><span class="nw">わかります</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v432_col2" ontouchstart="turnOn('v432_col2');" ontouchend="turnOff('v432_col2');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v432_col2');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_wakatte');"><span class="nw">わかって</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">to understand</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->


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    <title>Verbs, The Return 2</title>

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        <div class="subheading_level_2">Notes</div>


<p class="bodycopy"><i>Hanashimasu</i> is the
        word you use to &ldquo;talk.&rdquo; But
        how do you say you talked &ldquo;with&rdquo; someone? Use the particle <i>to</i>. 
        As with all particles, <i>to</i> will attach to the end of the thing it is
        working with, so that &ldquo;with Mariko&rdquo; becomes &ldquo;<i>Mariko-san to</i>.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">In the following examples, the unspoken subject will be &ldquo;I.&rdquo;</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-10');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s380" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_mainichi-marikosanto-hanashimasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s380');" ontouchend="turnOff('s380');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s380');"><span class="nw">まいにち　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">まりこさんと　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">はなします。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b380" onclick="showTranslation('b380', 't380');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b380');" ontouchend="turnOff('b380');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b380');">(show translation)</span><span id="t380" style="display:none;">I talk with Mariko every day.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-20');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s381" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_senshuu-JONsanto-hanashimashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s381');" ontouchend="turnOff('s381');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s381');"><span class="nw">せんしゅう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ジョンさんと　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">はなしました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b381" onclick="showTranslation('b381', 't381');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b381');" ontouchend="turnOff('b381');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b381');">(show translation)</span><span id="t381" style="display:none;">I talked with John last week.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-30');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s382" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_ashita-suzukisanto-hanashite-kudasai');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s382');" ontouchend="turnOff('s382');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s382');"><span class="nw">あした　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">すずきさんと　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">はなして　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ください。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b382" onclick="showTranslation('b382', 't382');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b382');" ontouchend="turnOff('b382');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b382');">(show translation)</span><span id="t382" style="display:none;">Please talk with Ms. Suzuki tomorrow.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy"><i>Kikimasu</i> is a
        little strange in that it can mean &ldquo;hear/listen&rdquo; or
        &ldquo;ask.&rdquo; However, it&rsquo;s easy to
        tell the difference between the two meanings because they&rsquo;re used differently.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">&ldquo;Hear/listen&rdquo; takes a direct object: <i>Rajio <b>wo</b> kikimasu</i>, &ldquo;I hear the
        radio/I listen to the radio.&rdquo; The
        &ldquo;ask&rdquo; meaning instead uses the particle <i>ni</i>: You ask <i>to</i> someone. <i>Sensei <b>ni</b>
        kikimashita</i>, &ldquo;I asked (to) the teacher.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Here are two more examples that make the difference clear.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-40');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s383" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_ongakuwo-kikimashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s383');" ontouchend="turnOff('s383');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s383');"><span class="nw">おんがくを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ききました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b383" onclick="showTranslation('b383', 't383');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b383');" ontouchend="turnOff('b383');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b383');">(show translation)</span><span id="t383" style="display:none;">I heard / listened to music.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-50');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s384" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_okaasanni-kikimasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s384');" ontouchend="turnOff('s384');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s384');"><span class="nw">おかあさんに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ききます。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b384" onclick="showTranslation('b384', 't384');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b384');" ontouchend="turnOff('b384');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b384');">(show translation)</span><span id="t384" style="display:none;">I&rsquo;ll ask Mom.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


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<p class="bodycopy">The verb <i>wakarimasu</i>
        works a bit differently than the English &ldquo;understand.&rdquo; In English, &ldquo;understand&rdquo;
        is a verb which takes a direct object. In &ldquo;Jerry understands math,&rdquo; Jerry is
        doing the action of understanding math. &ldquo;Understand&rdquo; is something that a person
        does to a thing. </p>

<p class="bodycopy">In Japanese, something different is happening. <i>Wakarimasu</i>
        actually means &ldquo;to subdivide / break down.&rdquo; Something that breaks
        down (on its own initiative) is understandable. The important difference is
        that no one does the actual breaking down. The understood thing simply breaks
        down on its own. Therefore, a sentence like <i>Suugaku
        ga wakarimasu</i> means something like, &ldquo;Math breaks down for me (thus I am
        able to understand it).&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">We could get closer to the feeling of <i>wakarimasu</i>  if we translate it
as &ldquo;make sense&rdquo; instead of &ldquo;understand.&rdquo; When something &ldquo;makes sense&rdquo; in English, it just 
automatically makes itself clear. You don&rsquo;t <em>make</em> something make sense; it just does or it doesn&rsquo;t.
That&rsquo;s how it works in Japanese. 
So a sentence like <i>Nihongo ga wakarimasu</i> means, at a more nuts-and-bolts level, &ldquo;Japanese makes 
sense.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Of course, when you say something like that, you&rsquo;re not making a general proclamation
about it&rsquo;s understandability. Just like in English, you&rsquo;re speaking specifically about whether it makes sense to you. 
So the English &ldquo;I understand&rdquo; is usually the most appropriate. But just be aware that under the covers, 
the literal structure is not &ldquo;I...understand...Japanese&rdquo; but rather &ldquo;Japanese...makes sense / breaks down (for me).&rdquo;

<p class="bodycopy">In the next lesson we&rsquo;ll be taking an in-depth look at <i>ga</i>, but for now, 
        memorize the structure <i>X ga wakarimasu</i> to mean, &ldquo;I
        understand X.&rdquo; To say, &ldquo;I do
        not understand,&rdquo; simply switch the verb to the negative. For example, to say, &ldquo;I do not
        understand Chinese,&rdquo; say, <i>Chuugoku-go ga wakarimasen</i>.</p>


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<p class="bodycopy">Japanese people often use the past tense of <i>wakarimasu</i>. After an explanation or directions, for
        example, the usual response is <i>wakarimashita</i>,
        not simply <i>wakarimasu</i>. You can understand this as the speaker saying,
        &ldquo;What you said has broken down.&rdquo; = &ldquo;That made sense.&rdquo; Here are a few
        examples of <i>wakarimasu</i> in action:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-60');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s385" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_suugakuga-wakarimasen');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s385');" ontouchend="turnOff('s385');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s385');"><span class="nw">すうがくが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">わかりません。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b385" onclick="showTranslation('b385', 't385');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b385');" ontouchend="turnOff('b385');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b385');">(show translation)</span><span id="t385" style="display:none;">Math doesn&rsquo;t make sense (to me) = I don&rsquo;t understand math.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-70');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s386" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_chiriga-wakarimasuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s386');" ontouchend="turnOff('s386');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s386');"><span class="nw">ちりが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">わかりますか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b386" onclick="showTranslation('b386', 't386');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b386');" ontouchend="turnOff('b386');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b386');">(show translation)</span><span id="t386" style="display:none;">Does geography make sense (to you) = Do you understand geography?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-80');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s387" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_wakarimashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s387');" ontouchend="turnOff('s387');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s387');"><span class="nw">わかりました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b387" onclick="showTranslation('b387', 't387');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b387');" ontouchend="turnOff('b387');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b387');">(show translation)</span><span id="t387" style="display:none;">It made sense. = I understand. = Got it.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-90');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s388" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_michiga-wakarimasuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s388');" ontouchend="turnOff('s388');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s388');"><span class="nw">みちが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">わかりますか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b388" onclick="showTranslation('b388', 't388');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b388');" ontouchend="turnOff('b388');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b388');">(show translation)</span><span id="t388" style="display:none;">Do the roads make sense to you? = Do you know the way?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">That last example is a good one to remember because Japanese
        people use the word <i>michi</i> to mean,
        not just roads in general, but also the way to a given location.</p>


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<p class="bodycopy">Now let&rsquo;s try a few more example sentences using the verbs
        we&rsquo;ve just learned.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-100');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s389" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_ashita-naniwo-shimasuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s389');" ontouchend="turnOff('s389');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s389');"><span class="nw">あした　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">なにを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しますか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b389" onclick="showTranslation('b389', 't389');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b389');" ontouchend="turnOff('b389');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b389');">(show translation)</span><span id="t389" style="display:none;">What will you do tomorrow?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-110');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s390" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_honwo-kakimasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s390');" ontouchend="turnOff('s390');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s390');"><span class="nw">ほんを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">かきます。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b390" onclick="showTranslation('b390', 't390');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b390');" ontouchend="turnOff('b390');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b390');">(show translation)</span><span id="t390" style="display:none;">I&rsquo;ll write a book.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-120');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s391" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_RAJIOwo-kikimasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s391');" ontouchend="turnOff('s391');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s391');"><span class="nw">ラジオを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ききます。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b391" onclick="showTranslation('b391', 't391');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b391');" ontouchend="turnOff('b391');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b391');">(show translation)</span><span id="t391" style="display:none;">I&rsquo;ll listen to the radio.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-130');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s392" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_michini-tachimashou');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s392');" ontouchend="turnOff('s392');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s392');"><span class="nw">みちに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">たちましょう。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b392" onclick="showTranslation('b392', 't392');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b392');" ontouchend="turnOff('b392');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b392');">(show translation)</span><span id="t392" style="display:none;">Let&rsquo;s stand in the street.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-140');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s393" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_isuni-suwarimasenka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s393');" ontouchend="turnOff('s393');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s393');"><span class="nw">いすに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">すわりませんか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b393" onclick="showTranslation('b393', 't393');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b393');" ontouchend="turnOff('b393');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b393');">(show translation)</span><span id="t393" style="display:none;">Won&rsquo;t you sit down in the chair?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-150');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s394" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_eigoga-wakarimasuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s394');" ontouchend="turnOff('s394');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s394');"><span class="nw">えいごが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">わかりますか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b394" onclick="showTranslation('b394', 't394');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b394');" ontouchend="turnOff('b394');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b394');">(show translation)</span><span id="t394" style="display:none;">Do you understand English?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-160');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s395" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_nihongoga-wakarimasen');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s395');" ontouchend="turnOff('s395');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s395');"><span class="nw">にほんごが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">わかりません。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b395" onclick="showTranslation('b395', 't395');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b395');" ontouchend="turnOff('b395');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b395');">(show translation)</span><span id="t395" style="display:none;">I don&rsquo;t understand Japanese.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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    <title>Verbs, The Return 6</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">Let&rsquo;s go back to the word <i>shimasu</i> for a second.  <i>Shimasu</i> is an extraordinarily convenient
        word.  It means &ldquo;to do,&rdquo; and it can be
        used in conjunction with a wide range of other words to create new verbs. To
        understand this, let&rsquo;s learn a group of words that can be used with <i>shimasu</i> in this way.</p>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="50%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="50%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v433_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v433_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v433_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v433_col1');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_benkyou');"><span class="nw">べんきょう</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">study</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v434_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v434_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v434_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v434_col1');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_renshuu');"><span class="nw">れんしゅう</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">practice</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v435_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v435_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v435_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v435_col1');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_souji');"><span class="nw">そうじ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">cleaning</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v436_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v436_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v436_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v436_col1');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_ryouri');"><span class="nw">りょうり</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">cooking</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v437_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v437_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v437_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v437_col1');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_denwa');"><span class="nw">でんわ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">telephone</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v438_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v438_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v438_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v438_col1');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_moshi-moshi');"><span class="nw">もしもし</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">Hello? (phone greeting)</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->

<p class="bodycopy">All of these words (except the last one) are nouns.  <i>Benkyou</i>,
        for example is the <b>noun</b>
        &ldquo;study,&rdquo; as in, &ldquo;Study is very important for a growing
        mind,&rdquo; not the verb &ldquo;to study.&rdquo; 
        Similarly, <i>denwa</i> is merely the
        physical object, &ldquo;a telephone.&rdquo; </p>

<p class="bodycopy">We can make these into verbs, however, by adding <i>shimasu</i> to the end.  So <i>benkyou
        shimasu</i> means &ldquo;to study,&rdquo; and <i>denwa
        shimasu</i> means &ldquo;to make a phone call.&rdquo;  The really handy thing about using <i>shimasu</i> as a sort of facilitator verb
        like this is that to change these to various tenses, you only have to change
        the <i>shimasu</i>.  So to say, &ldquo;I <u>made</u> a phone call,&rdquo;
        we would simply say, <i>Denwa <u>shimashita</u></i>.</p>


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    <title>Verbs, The Return 7</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">Let&rsquo;s try turning the other nouns above into verbs with
        <i>shimasu</i>.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-170');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s396" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_mainichi-PIANOwo-renshuu-shimasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s396');" ontouchend="turnOff('s396');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s396');"><span class="nw">まいにち　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ピアノを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">れんしゅう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">します。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b396" onclick="showTranslation('b396', 't396');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b396');" ontouchend="turnOff('b396');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b396');">(show translation)</span><span id="t396" style="display:none;">I practice piano every day.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-180');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s397" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_daidokorowo-souji-shite-kudasai');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s397');" ontouchend="turnOff('s397');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s397');"><span class="nw">だいどころを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">そうじ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">して　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ください。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b397" onclick="showTranslation('b397', 't397');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b397');" ontouchend="turnOff('b397');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b397');">(show translation)</span><span id="t397" style="display:none;">Please clean the kitchen.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-190');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s398" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_kyou-naniwo-ryouri-shimasuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s398');" ontouchend="turnOff('s398');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s398');"><span class="nw">きょう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">なにを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">りょうり　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しますか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b398" onclick="showTranslation('b398', 't398');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b398');" ontouchend="turnOff('b398');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b398');">(show translation)</span><span id="t398" style="display:none;">What will you cook today?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-200');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s399" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_JONsanha-marikosanni-denwa-shimashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s399');" ontouchend="turnOff('s399');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s399');"><span class="nw">ジョンさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">まりこさんに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">でんわ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b399" onclick="showTranslation('b399', 't399');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b399');" ontouchend="turnOff('b399');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b399');">(show translation)</span><span id="t399" style="display:none;">John made a phone call to Mariko.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-210');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s400" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_nihongowo-benkyou-shimashou');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s400');" ontouchend="turnOff('s400');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s400');"><span class="nw">にほんごを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">べんきょう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しましょう。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b400" onclick="showTranslation('b400', 't400');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b400');" ontouchend="turnOff('b400');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b400');">(show translation)</span><span id="t400" style="display:none;">Let&rsquo;s study Japanese.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">See how easy it is to use this type of verb? Just treat the unit of &ldquo;noun plus
        <i>shimasu</i>&rdquo; as if it were a single unit. 
        Then stick it into your sentence and use it however you like.</p>


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<p class="bodycopy">To say that we called a person, in Japanese we say we called
        &ldquo;to&rdquo; that person.  For example,
        to say that we called (to) John, we would use the structure, 
        <i><u>Jon-san ni</u> denwa shimashita</i>.  
        You must always use <i>ni</i> to specify the &ldquo;direction&rdquo; of your call. </p>

<p class="bodycopy">When answering the telephone, Japanese people sometimes say,
        &ldquo;Yes, this is the So-and-so&rsquo;s.&rdquo; 
        For example, if you called the Suzuki&rsquo;s, you might hear <i>Hai, Suzuki desu</i> when they answered.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">However, there is also a more generic way of answering the
        phone, similar to our &ldquo;Hello?&rdquo; 
        That word is <i>moshi-moshi</i>.  This word is reserved almost exclusively for
        answering the phone.  The only other
        circumstance in which you can use it is to get someone&rsquo;s attention, usually
        from behind.  For example, if someone
        walking ahead of you drops something accidentally, you might call out, <i>Moshi-moshi!</i>  Everyone in the area would turn around to see
        what the matter was. </p>

<p class="bodycopy">On the phone, Japanese people sometimes say <i>moshi-moshi?</i> to check whether or not the
        other party is still on the line if there has been a long lull in the
        conversation.  The correct response is a simple <i>hai</i>.</p>


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<p class="bodycopy">Next, let&rsquo;s take a closer look at the word <i>renshuu shimasu</i>. This word can be used with any of those
        sports and hobbies we learned about in our last vocab lesson. Here are a few examples.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-220');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s401" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_TENISUwo-renshuu-shimasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s401');" ontouchend="turnOff('s401');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s401');"><span class="nw">テニスを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">れんしゅう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">します。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b401" onclick="showTranslation('b401', 't401');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b401');" ontouchend="turnOff('b401');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b401');">(show translation)</span><span id="t401" style="display:none;">I practice tennis.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-230');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s402" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_marikosanha-maishuu--yakyuuwo-renshuu-shimasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s402');" ontouchend="turnOff('s402');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s402');"><span class="nw">まりこさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">まいしゅう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">やきゅうを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">れんしゅう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">します。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b402" onclick="showTranslation('b402', 't402');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b402');" ontouchend="turnOff('b402');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b402');">(show translation)</span><span id="t402" style="display:none;">Mariko practices baseball every week.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-240');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s403" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_JONsanha-mainichi-SUPO-TSUwo-renshuu-shimasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s403');" ontouchend="turnOff('s403');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s403');"><span class="nw">ジョンさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">まいにち　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">スポーツを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">れんしゅう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">します。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b403" onclick="showTranslation('b403', 't403');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b403');" ontouchend="turnOff('b403');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b403');">(show translation)</span><span id="t403" style="display:none;">John practices sports every day.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">We can also use the verb <i>shimasu</i> to simply &ldquo;do&rdquo; (play) sports instead of &ldquo;practicing&rdquo; them.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-250');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s404" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_ashita,yakyuuwo-shimashou');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s404');" ontouchend="turnOff('s404');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s404');"><span class="nw">あした、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">やきゅうを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しましょう。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b404" onclick="showTranslation('b404', 't404');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b404');" ontouchend="turnOff('b404');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b404');">(show translation)</span><span id="t404" style="display:none;">Let&rsquo;s play baseball tomorrow.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-260');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s405" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_kyou-SAKKA-wo-shimashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s405');" ontouchend="turnOff('s405');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s405');"><span class="nw">きょう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">サッカーを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b405" onclick="showTranslation('b405', 't405');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b405');" ontouchend="turnOff('b405');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b405');">(show translation)</span><span id="t405" style="display:none;">I played soccer today.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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    <title>Verbs, The Return 10</title>

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        <div class="subheading_level_1">The particle <i>mo</i></div>


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		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="50%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="50%">Meaning</td>
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		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v439_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v439_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v439_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v439_col1');" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_mo');"><span class="nw">も</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">also</td>
                </tr>


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<p class="bodycopy"><i>Mo</i> is a new
        particle that means &ldquo;also.&rdquo; 
        It tags on to the end of nouns, just like the
        other particles. So <i>neko mo</i>, for example, means &ldquo;the cat, also.&rdquo; <i>Enpitsu
        mo</i> means &ldquo;a pencil, too.&rdquo; <i>Sensei mo</i> means &ldquo;the teacher,
        also.&rdquo; How does <i>mo</i> work inside sentences?</p>

<p class="bodycopy">When using <i>mo</i> to
        mean &ldquo;also,&rdquo; it takes the place of <i>wa</i> and <i>ga</i>. For example, <i>Neko ga imasu </i>
        means &ldquo;There is a cat,&rdquo; but if we say <i>Neko mo imasu</i>, it means, &ldquo;There is
        a cat, also.&rdquo; If <i>Kore wa neko desu</i> means, &ldquo;This is a
        cat,&rdquo; then <i>Kore mo neko desu</i>
        means, &ldquo;This also is a cat / This is a cat, too.&rdquo; Let&rsquo;s see a few more examples.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-270');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s406" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_anataha-nihonjin-desuka-watashimo-nihonjin-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s406');" ontouchend="turnOff('s406');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s406');"><span class="nw">あなたは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">にほんじん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">わたしも　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">にほんじん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b406" onclick="showTranslation('b406', 't406');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b406');" ontouchend="turnOff('b406');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b406');">(show translation)</span><span id="t406" style="display:none;">Are you Japanese? I&rsquo;m Japanese, too.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-280');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s407" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_inuga-imasunekomo-imasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s407');" ontouchend="turnOff('s407');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s407');"><span class="nw">いぬが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">います。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ねこも　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">います。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b407" onclick="showTranslation('b407', 't407');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b407');" ontouchend="turnOff('b407');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b407');">(show translation)</span><span id="t407" style="display:none;">There is a dog. There&rsquo;s also a cat.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-290');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s408" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_imoga-suki-desuPANmo-suki-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s408');" ontouchend="turnOff('s408');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s408');"><span class="nw">いもが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">すき　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">パンも　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">すき　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b408" onclick="showTranslation('b408', 't408');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b408');" ontouchend="turnOff('b408');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b408');">(show translation)</span><span id="t408" style="display:none;">I like potatoes. I also like bread.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

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        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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    <title>Verbs, The Return 11</title>

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<p class="bodycopy"><i>Mo</i> replaces the
        particles <i>wa</i> and <i>ga</i>, but it does not replace <i>ni</i>. 
        When using <i>mo</i> with <i>ni</i>, the <i>mo</i> comes afterward. If <i>doyoubi
        ni</i> means &ldquo;on Saturday,&rdquo; then <i>doyoubi
        ni mo</i> means &ldquo;on Saturday, too.&rdquo; 
        If <i>gakkou ni</i> means &ldquo;to
        school,&rdquo; then <i>gakkou ni mo</i> means
        &ldquo;to school, also.&rdquo; Here are a
        few full-sentence examples:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-300');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s409" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_getsuyoubini-ikimasu-kayoubinimo-ikimasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s409');" ontouchend="turnOff('s409');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s409');"><span class="nw">げつようびに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いきます。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">かようびにも　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いきます。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b409" onclick="showTranslation('b409', 't409');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b409');" ontouchend="turnOff('b409');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b409');">(show translation)</span><span id="t409" style="display:none;">I&rsquo;ll go on Monday. I&rsquo;ll also go on Tuesday.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-310');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s410" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_kissatenni-ikimashita-KARAOKEnimo-ikimashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s410');" ontouchend="turnOff('s410');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s410');"><span class="nw">きっさてんに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いきました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">カラオケにも　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いきました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b410" onclick="showTranslation('b410', 't410');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b410');" ontouchend="turnOff('b410');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b410');">(show translation)</span><span id="t410" style="display:none;">I went to the coffee shop. I also went to karaoke.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy"><i>Mo</i> can be used in a long string just like <i>to</i>
        and <i>ya</i>:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-320');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s411" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_inumo-nekomo-sakanamo-imashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s411');" ontouchend="turnOff('s411');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s411');"><span class="nw">いぬも　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ねこも　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">さかなも　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b411" onclick="showTranslation('b411', 't411');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b411');" ontouchend="turnOff('b411');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b411');">(show translation)</span><span id="t411" style="display:none;">There were dogs and cats and fish (oh my!).</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-330');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s412" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_ekinimo-SU-PA-MA-KETTOnimo-yuubinkyokunimo-ikimashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s412');" ontouchend="turnOff('s412');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s412');"><span class="nw">えきにも　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">スーパーマーケットにも　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ゆうびんきょくにも　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いきました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b412" onclick="showTranslation('b412', 't412');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b412');" ontouchend="turnOff('b412');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b412');">(show translation)</span><span id="t412" style="display:none;">I went to the station and to the supermarket and to the post office.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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    <title>Verbs, The Return 12</title>

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        <div class="subheading_level_1">Multi-part sentences with the <i>-te</i> forms</div>


<p class="bodycopy">Up until now, we&rsquo;ve had pretty basic sentence structures.
        One of the big reasons for this is that we haven&rsquo;t had any way of putting more
        than one verb in a single sentence. But in real life, many sentences do contain
        more than one verb. For example, look at the following English sentence:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <ul class="example_english_only_list">
                        <li class="example_english_only_item">This morning I woke up, got dressed, and went to work.</li>

                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>


<p class="bodycopy">What&rsquo;s really happening here is that three separate
        sentences have been compressed into one. This sentence is an abbreviation of:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <ul class="example_english_only_list">
                        <li class="example_english_only_item">This morning I woke up. Then I got dressed. Then I went to work.</li>

                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>


<p class="bodycopy">We can do this in Japanese by using the <i>-te</i> form of verbs to form a pseudo-ending to a sentence that lets
        us go on to say more. To see this in action, let&rsquo;s start by coming up with two sentences that we want to join.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-340');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s413" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_kesa-asagohanwo-tabemashita-gakkouni-ikimashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s413');" ontouchend="turnOff('s413');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s413');"><span class="nw">けさ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">あさごはんを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">たべました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">がっこうに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いきました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b413" onclick="showTranslation('b413', 't413');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b413');" ontouchend="turnOff('b413');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b413');">(show translation)</span><span id="t413" style="display:none;">This morning I ate breakfast. I went to school.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

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    <title>Verbs, The Return 13</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">To splice these together as a single sentence, simply put
        the first verb into its <i>-te</i> form and join them. Only the last verb is changed
        to indicate tense.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-350');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s414" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_kesa-asagohanwo-tabete,-gakkouni-ikimashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s414');" ontouchend="turnOff('s414');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s414');"><span class="nw">けさ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">あさごはんを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">たべて、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">がっこうに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いきました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b414" onclick="showTranslation('b414', 't414');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b414');" ontouchend="turnOff('b414');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b414');">(show translation)</span><span id="t414" style="display:none;">This morning I ate breakfast, and then I went to school.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">When we do this, we aren&rsquo;t breaking the rule that the verb
        must always come last because each verb is in fact ending its own
        mini-sentence. If you see a sentence like this that doesn&rsquo;t seem to make sense,
        you can break the sentence into smaller pieces at the verbs and take each of
        those as independent units.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Here are a couple more examples:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-360');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s415" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_gakkouni-itte,-benkyou-shimashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s415');" ontouchend="turnOff('s415');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s415');"><span class="nw">がっこうに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いって、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">べんきょう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b415" onclick="showTranslation('b415', 't415');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b415');" ontouchend="turnOff('b415');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b415');">(show translation)</span><span id="t415" style="display:none;">I went to school and studied.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-370');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s416" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_kyou-TEREBIwo-mite,daigakuni-itte,tomodachini-denwa-shimashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s416');" ontouchend="turnOff('s416');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s416');"><span class="nw">きょう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">テレビを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">みて、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">だいがくに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いって、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ともだちに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">でんわ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b416" onclick="showTranslation('b416', 't416');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b416');" ontouchend="turnOff('b416');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b416');">(show translation)</span><span id="t416" style="display:none;">Today I watched TV, went to college, and phoned a friend.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

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    <title>Verbs, The Return 14</title>

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        <div class="subheading_level_1">Dialog</div>


<p class="bodycopy">To finish up, let&rsquo;s try a dialogue between John and Mariko
        that uses some of the vocab from this lesson:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_mariko@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-380');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s417" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_JONsan,nichiyoubini-naniwo-shimashitaka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s417');" ontouchend="turnOff('s417');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s417');"><span class="nw">ジョンさん、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">にちようびに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">なにを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しましたか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b417" onclick="showTranslation('b417', 't417');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b417');" ontouchend="turnOff('b417');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b417');">(show translation)</span><span id="t417" style="display:none;">John, what did you do on Sunday?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_john@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-390');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s418" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_rekishiwo-benkyou-shite,iewo-souji-shimashitamarikosanhaqm');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s418');" ontouchend="turnOff('s418');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s418');"><span class="nw">れきしを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">べんきょう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">して、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いえを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">そうじ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">まりこさんは？</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b418" onclick="showTranslation('b418', 't418');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b418');" ontouchend="turnOff('b418');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b418');">(show translation)</span><span id="t418" style="display:none;">I studied history and cleaned the house. How about you?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_mariko@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-400');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s419" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_watashiha-kissatenni-itte,-KO-HI-wo-nonde,-honwo-yomimashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s419');" ontouchend="turnOff('s419');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s419');"><span class="nw">わたしは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">きっさてんに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いって、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">コーヒーを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">のんで、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ほんを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">よみました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b419" onclick="showTranslation('b419', 't419');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b419');" ontouchend="turnOff('b419');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b419');">(show translation)</span><span id="t419" style="display:none;">I went to a coffee shop, drank coffee, and read a book.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_john@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-410');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s420" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_ashita-TENISUwo-shimashouka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s420');" ontouchend="turnOff('s420');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s420');"><span class="nw">あした　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">テニスを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しましょうか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b420" onclick="showTranslation('b420', 't420');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b420');" ontouchend="turnOff('b420');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b420');">(show translation)</span><span id="t420" style="display:none;">Shall we play tennis tomorrow?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_mariko@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-420');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s421" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_ii-desune-yoruni-denwa-shite-kudasaine');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s421');" ontouchend="turnOff('s421');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s421');"><span class="nw">いい　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですね。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">よるに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">でんわ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">して　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">くださいね。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b421" onclick="showTranslation('b421', 't421');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b421');" ontouchend="turnOff('b421');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b421');">(show translation)</span><span id="t421" style="display:none;">That sounds nice. Call me at night.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_john@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-verbs2-430');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s422" onclick="playSound('Verbs2_hai,wakarimashitaja,mata');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s422');" ontouchend="turnOff('s422');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s422');"><span class="nw">はい、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">わかりました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">じゃ、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">また。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b422" onclick="showTranslation('b422', 't422');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b422');" ontouchend="turnOff('b422');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b422');">(show translation)</span><span id="t422" style="display:none;">Sounds good. See you!</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

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    <title>Verbs, The Return 15</title>

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        <div class="subheading_level_1">Summary</div>


<p class="bodycopy">In this lesson, we learned lots of new verbs. One particularly
        important verb we learned is <i>shimasu</i>,
        the verb &ldquo;to do,&rdquo; which is handy because it allows us to create verbs with
        nouns like <i>benkyou</i> and <i>denwa</i>.
        That is to say, <i>denwa</i> by itself means &ldquo;a phone,&rdquo; but <i>denwa shimasu</i>
        becomes one large verb that means &ldquo;to make a phone call.&rdquo; 
</p>

<p class="bodycopy">We also learned about the particle <i>mo</i>, which means &ldquo;also.&rdquo; 
        We saw that <i>mo</i> takes the place of <i>wa</i> and <i>ga</i>, so that if 
        <i>Watashi wa ikimashita</i> means &ldquo;I went,&rdquo; then <i>Watashi mo ikimashita</i> means &ldquo;I also went.&rdquo;
        Similarly, if <i>Tamanegi ga kirai desu</i> means &ldquo;I dislike onions,&rdquo; then <i>Tamanegi mo kirai desu</i>
        means &ldquo;I dislike onions, too.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">However, we saw that <i>mo</i> does not replace <i>ni</i> but is added after it.
So if <i>getsuyoubi ni</i> means &ldquo;on Monday,&rdquo; then <i>getsuyoubi ni mo</i> means &ldquo;on Monday, too.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Finally, we learned how to create sentences with multiple
        verbs by using the <i>-te</i> form to splice
        together two or more sentences. Such sentences can be understood as a
        collection of mini-sentences, each of which is an independent unit.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Excellent work! With each chapter, your language horizons are becoming broader and broader.
Now verify that you&rsquo;ve got a handle on things by taking my friendly quizzes below.</p>

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<p class="bodycopy">In our next chapter, we&rsquo;ll meet the particle <i>ga</i> formally and learn some new ways to use it.</p>
    
          
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