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    <title>Questions and Ka 1</title>

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        <div class="chapter_number">Chapter 13</div>
        <div class="chapter_name">Questions and <i>Ka</i></div>
        <div class="blurb">Congratulations. You&rsquo;ve come to a major turning point in
        your study of Japanese. It&rsquo;s time to learn your first sentence-changing particle.
        As you&rsquo;ll soon see, Japanese is very rich in little words that tag on to the
        end of phrases, marking what they are grammatically. You can think of particles
        as little stickers that say, &ldquo;Hey, I&rsquo;m the subject of this sentence!&rdquo; or &ldquo;Hey,
        I&rsquo;m the object!&rdquo;</div>
        <div><img src="divider@2x.png" class="divider" /></div>

<p class="bodycopy">We&rsquo;ve already seen one particle, the agreement-seeking <i>ne</i>. In this lesson we&rsquo;ll be learning a
        great little particle that you can tag on to an otherwise boring statement and
        turn it into a spicy <i>question</i>. That
        particle is <i>ka</i>.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">The usage is simple. Just start with the statement version of the
        question you want to ask, and put <i>ka</i>
        on the end. For example, recall how to say, &ldquo;It is a cat.&rdquo;</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-10');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s72" onclick="playSound('Questions_neko-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s72');" ontouchend="turnOff('s72');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s72');"><span class="nw">ねこ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl72" onclick="showRoman('rl72', 'r72');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl72');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl72');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl72');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r72" style="display:none;">Neko desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b72" onclick="showTranslation('b72', 't72');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b72');" ontouchend="turnOff('b72');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b72');">(show translation)</span><span id="t72" style="display:none;">It is a cat.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">Now suppose we want to inquire, &ldquo;Is it a cat?&rdquo; Just tack <i>ka</i> onto the end, and in a poof of
        grammar, we have a question.</p>

<!-- Ka -->


        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-20');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s73" onclick="playSound('Questions_neko-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s73');" ontouchend="turnOff('s73');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s73');"><span class="nw">ねこ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl73" onclick="showRoman('rl73', 'r73');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl73');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl73');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl73');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r73" style="display:none;">Neko desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b73" onclick="showTranslation('b73', 't73');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b73');" ontouchend="turnOff('b73');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b73');">(show translation)</span><span id="t73" style="display:none;">Is it a cat?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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    <title>Questions and Ka 2</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">It&rsquo;s worth noting how much easier this is in Japanese than in
        English. In English, we actually have to rearrange the sentence. We go from,
        for example, &ldquo;She is an American&rdquo; to &ldquo;Is she an American?&rdquo; In Japanese, these
        two sentences are <i>exactly the same</i>,
        except that the question has a <i>ka</i> on
        the end. It turns the statement <i>Amerika-jin
        desu</i> into the question <i>Amerika-jin
        desu ka?</i></p>

<p class="bodycopy">All you have to remember is to put it after the final
        verb&mdash;way at the end of the sentence. And right now, the only verb we know is <i>desu</i> and its forms, so there shouldn&rsquo;t
        be too many problems. Let&rsquo;s look at a few examples:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-30');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s74" onclick="playSound('Questions_ohashi-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s74');" ontouchend="turnOff('s74');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s74');"><span class="nw">おはし　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl74" onclick="showRoman('rl74', 'r74');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl74');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl74');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl74');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r74" style="display:none;">O-hashi desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b74" onclick="showTranslation('b74', 't74');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b74');" ontouchend="turnOff('b74');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b74');">(show translation)</span><span id="t74" style="display:none;">They&rsquo;re chopsticks.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-40');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s75" onclick="playSound('Questions_ohashi-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s75');" ontouchend="turnOff('s75');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s75');"><span class="nw">おはし　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl75" onclick="showRoman('rl75', 'r75');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl75');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl75');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl75');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r75" style="display:none;">O-hashi desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b75" onclick="showTranslation('b75', 't75');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b75');" ontouchend="turnOff('b75');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b75');">(show translation)</span><span id="t75" style="display:none;">Are they chopsticks?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-50');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s76" onclick="playSound('Questions_inu-deshita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s76');" ontouchend="turnOff('s76');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s76');"><span class="nw">いぬ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">でした。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl76" onclick="showRoman('rl76', 'r76');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl76');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl76');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl76');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r76" style="display:none;">Inu deshita.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b76" onclick="showTranslation('b76', 't76');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b76');" ontouchend="turnOff('b76');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b76');">(show translation)</span><span id="t76" style="display:none;">It was a dog.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-60');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s77" onclick="playSound('Questions_inu-deshitaka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s77');" ontouchend="turnOff('s77');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s77');"><span class="nw">いぬ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">でしたか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl77" onclick="showRoman('rl77', 'r77');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl77');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl77');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl77');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r77" style="display:none;">Inu deshita ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b77" onclick="showTranslation('b77', 't77');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b77');" ontouchend="turnOff('b77');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b77');">(show translation)</span><span id="t77" style="display:none;">Was it a dog?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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    <title>Questions and Ka 3</title>

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        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-70');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s78" onclick="playSound('Questions_nihonjin-deha-arimasen');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s78');" ontouchend="turnOff('s78');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s78');"><span class="nw">にほんじん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">では　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ありません。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl78" onclick="showRoman('rl78', 'r78');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl78');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl78');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl78');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r78" style="display:none;">Nihon-jin dewa arimasen.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b78" onclick="showTranslation('b78', 't78');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b78');" ontouchend="turnOff('b78');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b78');">(show translation)</span><span id="t78" style="display:none;">She&rsquo;s not Japanese.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-80');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s79" onclick="playSound('Questions_nihonjin-deha-arimasenka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s79');" ontouchend="turnOff('s79');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s79');"><span class="nw">にほんじん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">では　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ありませんか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl79" onclick="showRoman('rl79', 'r79');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl79');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl79');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl79');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r79" style="display:none;">Nihon-jin dewa arimasen ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b79" onclick="showTranslation('b79', 't79');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b79');" ontouchend="turnOff('b79');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b79');">(show translation)</span><span id="t79" style="display:none;">Isn&rsquo;t she Japanese?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-90');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s80" onclick="playSound('Questions_AMERIKAjin-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s80');" ontouchend="turnOff('s80');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s80');"><span class="nw">あめりかじん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl80" onclick="showRoman('rl80', 'r80');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl80');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl80');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl80');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r80" style="display:none;">Amerika-jin desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b80" onclick="showTranslation('b80', 't80');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b80');" ontouchend="turnOff('b80');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b80');">(show translation)</span><span id="t80" style="display:none;">You are an American.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-100');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s81" onclick="playSound('Questions_AMERIKAjin-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s81');" ontouchend="turnOff('s81');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s81');"><span class="nw">あめりかじん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl81" onclick="showRoman('rl81', 'r81');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl81');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl81');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl81');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r81" style="display:none;">Amerika-jin desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b81" onclick="showTranslation('b81', 't81');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b81');" ontouchend="turnOff('b81');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b81');">(show translation)</span><span id="t81" style="display:none;">Are you an American?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">Check out that last example. Suppose you&rsquo;re talking with
        someone and she asks you <i>Amerika-jin desu
        ka?</i> Well, technically, as we&rsquo;ve discussed before, there is no subject
        explicitly present, so this could be any number of things. She could be asking
        &ldquo;Is <i>it</i> an American?&rdquo; or &ldquo;Am <i>I</i> an American?&rdquo; among other things.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">But let&rsquo;s get realistic. Do people normally ask what their own nationality is? And
        if the context of the conversation is that you&rsquo;re meeting someone for the first
        time, and she looks right at you and says <i>Amerika-jin
        desu ka?</i> then it <i>has</i> to be &ldquo;Are <i>you</i> an American?&rdquo; So hopefully the idea
        that sentences can omit subjects is starting to become a little clearer.</p>


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        <!-- Start vocab table -->
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	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="50%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="50%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v165_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v165_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v165_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v165_col1');" onclick="playSound('Questions_sou');"><span class="nw">そう</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">that way / so</td>
                </tr>


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<p class="bodycopy">Now that you know both the copula and the question marker <i>ka</i>, it would be almost impossible not to
        teach you the word <i>sou</i>. If you&rsquo;ve
        spent any time around Japanese people, or seen Hollywood
        impressions of Japanese people, you&rsquo;ve almost certainly met this word, often
        part of the phrase &ldquo;Aa, sou.&rdquo; (Yes, Japanese people really say this. A lot.)</p>

<p class="bodycopy"><i>Sou</i> means &ldquo;that
        way.&rdquo; Conveniently for us English speakers, it is almost identical in meaning
        to &ldquo;so,&rdquo; as in, &ldquo;Is that so?&rdquo; Here are some variations on the sentences
        possible with this word and the grammar we know so far.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-110');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s82" onclick="playSound('Questions_sou-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s82');" ontouchend="turnOff('s82');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s82');"><span class="nw">そう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl82" onclick="showRoman('rl82', 'r82');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl82');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl82');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl82');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r82" style="display:none;">Sou desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b82" onclick="showTranslation('b82', 't82');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b82');" ontouchend="turnOff('b82');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b82');">(show translation)</span><span id="t82" style="display:none;">It is so. / That&rsquo;s so. / Yes.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-120');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s83" onclick="playSound('Questions_sou-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s83');" ontouchend="turnOff('s83');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s83');"><span class="nw">そう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl83" onclick="showRoman('rl83', 'r83');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl83');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl83');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl83');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r83" style="display:none;">Sou desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b83" onclick="showTranslation('b83', 't83');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b83');" ontouchend="turnOff('b83');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b83');">(show translation)</span><span id="t83" style="display:none;">Is that so?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

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        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-130');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
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                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s84" onclick="playSound('Questions_aa,sou-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s84');" ontouchend="turnOff('s84');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s84');"><span class="nw">ああ、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">そう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl84" onclick="showRoman('rl84', 'r84');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl84');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl84');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl84');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r84" style="display:none;">Aa, sou desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b84" onclick="showTranslation('b84', 't84');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b84');" ontouchend="turnOff('b84');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b84');">(show translation)</span><span id="t84" style="display:none;">Oh, is that so?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-140');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s85" onclick="playSound('Questions_aa,souqm');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s85');" ontouchend="turnOff('s85');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s85');"><span class="nw">ああ、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">そう？</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl85" onclick="showRoman('rl85', 'r85');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl85');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl85');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl85');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r85" style="display:none;">Aa, sou?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b85" onclick="showTranslation('b85', 't85');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b85');" ontouchend="turnOff('b85');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b85');">(show translation)</span><span id="t85" style="display:none;">Oh, really?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy"><i>Sou desu</i> is used
        frequently where we might say &ldquo;yes&rdquo; in English. The words <i>hai</i> and <i>iie</i> technically
        do mean &ldquo;yes&rdquo; and &ldquo;no,&rdquo; but they are not normally used in one-word responses.
        Usually, they require a follow-up with the full sentence, like <i>Hai, sou desu</i>, &ldquo;Yes, that&rsquo;s so,&rdquo; or <i>Iie, sou dewa arimasen</i>, &ldquo;No, that&rsquo;s not
        so.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">A quick note for those of you who are wondering about the
        rule I mentioned a few lessons back about the verb always being the last word
        in the sentence. If we can add <i>ka</i>
        after the verb, haven&rsquo;t I broken the rule? Not really. The particles in Japanese
        are treated as if they were a part of the words they attach to. It&rsquo;s as if the
        particles were not words in their own right, just tags that attach to words. So
        the final word in the sentence, <i>Sou desu
        ka?</i> is still the verb <i>desu</i> with
        the particle <i>ka</i> attached.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">(In fact, this is the reason I am representing the particle <i>ka</i> with no space between it and the final
        verb in my example sentences. In written Japanese intended for adults, there
        are no spaces at all, but in books written for children, spaces are used
        between major words. However, there are never spaces between particles and the
        words to which they attach in such books.)</p>


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        <!-- Start vocab table -->
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	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="50%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="50%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
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		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v166_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v166_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v166_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v166_col1');" onclick="playSound('Questions_nan');"><span class="nw">なん</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">what</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
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                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
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		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v167_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v167_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v167_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v167_col1');" onclick="playSound('Questions_nani');"><span class="nw">なに</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">what (alternate form)</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
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                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v168_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v168_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v168_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v168_col1');" onclick="playSound('Questions_nanyoubi');"><span class="nw">なんようび</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">what day of the week</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v169_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v169_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v169_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v169_col1');" onclick="playSound('Questions_nangatsu');"><span class="nw">なんがつ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">what month</td>
                </tr>


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	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->

<p class="bodycopy">An indispensable word for asking questions is <i>nan</i> / <i>nani</i>. This word takes different forms depending on what it&rsquo;s
        attaching to. In this lesson, we&rsquo;ll only be looking at the form <i>nan</i>, but keep the other form in mind for
        the future.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">The simplest way to use it is to ask what something is:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-150');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s86" onclick="playSound('Questions_nan-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s86');" ontouchend="turnOff('s86');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s86');"><span class="nw">なん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl86" onclick="showRoman('rl86', 'r86');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl86');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl86');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl86');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r86" style="display:none;">Nan desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b86" onclick="showTranslation('b86', 't86');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b86');" ontouchend="turnOff('b86');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b86');">(show translation)</span><span id="t86" style="display:none;">What is it?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">To understand what is happening, first imagine that this
        were a statement: <i>Nan</i><i> desu</i>. &ldquo;It&rsquo;s a what.&rdquo; The particle <i>ka</i> at the end makes it a question, &ldquo;It&rsquo;s
        a what?&rdquo; And in English, we are required to reorder this to the more natural &ldquo;What
        is it?&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">The word <i>nan</i> is
        also used frequently to stand in for part of a word you want supplied in response to a question. 
        For example, in <i>nanyoubi</i>,
        &ldquo;what day,&rdquo; the listener is expected to replace <i>nan</i> with the appropriate day prefix.</p>


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        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-160');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s87" onclick="playSound('Questions_nanyoubi-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s87');" ontouchend="turnOff('s87');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s87');"><span class="nw">なんようび　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl87" onclick="showRoman('rl87', 'r87');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl87');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl87');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl87');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r87" style="display:none;">Nan&rsquo;youbi desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b87" onclick="showTranslation('b87', 't87');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b87');" ontouchend="turnOff('b87');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b87');">(show translation)</span><span id="t87" style="display:none;">What day is it?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-170');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s88" onclick="playSound('Questions_nichiyoubi-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s88');" ontouchend="turnOff('s88');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s88');"><span class="nw">にちようび　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl88" onclick="showRoman('rl88', 'r88');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl88');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl88');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl88');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r88" style="display:none;">Nichiyoubi desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b88" onclick="showTranslation('b88', 't88');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b88');" ontouchend="turnOff('b88');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b88');">(show translation)</span><span id="t88" style="display:none;">It&rsquo;s Sunday.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">The same thing happens in <i>nangatsu</i>. To respond to this question, just replace the word <i>nan</i> with the correct number.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-180');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s89" onclick="playSound('Questions_nangatsu-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s89');" ontouchend="turnOff('s89');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s89');"><span class="nw">なんがつ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl89" onclick="showRoman('rl89', 'r89');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl89');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl89');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl89');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r89" style="display:none;">Nan-gatsu desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b89" onclick="showTranslation('b89', 't89');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b89');" ontouchend="turnOff('b89');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b89');">(show translation)</span><span id="t89" style="display:none;">What month is it?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-questions-190');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s90" onclick="playSound('Questions_shichigatsu-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s90');" ontouchend="turnOff('s90');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s90');"><span class="nw">しちがつ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl90" onclick="showRoman('rl90', 'r90');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl90');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl90');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl90');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r90" style="display:none;">Shichi-gatsu desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b90" onclick="showTranslation('b90', 't90');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b90');" ontouchend="turnOff('b90');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b90');">(show translation)</span><span id="t90" style="display:none;">It&rsquo;s July.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">This pattern of substituting <i>nan</i> or <i>nani</i> in exactly
        the place we want a piece of information is common in Japanese. We&rsquo;ll be
        looking at many other ways to ask questions in a future lesson.</p>


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        <div class="subheading_level_1">Summary</div>


<p class="bodycopy">In this lesson, we learned about the particle <i>ka</i>, which can be added to the end of any
        statement to make it into a question. For example, we saw that the sentence <i>Neko desu</i> (&ldquo;It is a cat&rdquo;)
        becomes the question <i>Neko desu ka?</i> (&ldquo;Is it a cat?&rdquo;) just by adding this one particle.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">We also learned about the question word <i>nan</i> / <i>nani</i>, 
        which can be used by itself to ask <i>Nan desu ka?</i> (&ldquo;What is it?&rdquo;). So far, we&rsquo;ve only
        used the form <i>nan</i>, but we&rsquo;ll be meeting places where we use the form <i>nani</i> later on.
</p>

<p class="bodycopy">We saw that <i>nan</i> / <i>nani</i> can also be used in a question as a
        placeholder for a piece of information we want to have supplied in the
        response. So the question word <b><i>nan</i></b><i>&rsquo;youbi</i> is seeking an answer such as 
        <b><i>ka</i></b><i>youbi</i> or <b><i>moku</i></b><i>youbi</i>.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Making sense so far? Take a quick sanity check by working through my friendly quiz below.</p>

        <div class="button_container"><div class="button" onclick="handleButtonPress('grammar_questions');"><img src="button_chapter_review@2x.png" /></div></div>


<p class="bodycopy">Next up, we&rsquo;ll take a stroll around town and learn some new vocabulary.</p>
    
          
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