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    <title>The Progressive Tenses 1</title>

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        <div class="chapter_number">Chapter 37</div>
        <div class="chapter_name">Progressive Tenses</div>
        <div class="blurb">We now know how to put our verbs into several forms. We have
the four forms that conjugate from the <i>-masu</i>
ending, as well as the <i>-te</i> form. But
there is one set of forms we haven&rsquo;t discussed yet, the progressive tenses.</div>
        <div><img src="divider@2x.png" class="divider" /></div>

<p class="bodycopy">Progressive tenses in English allow us to
        express what someone is doing at this moment, or what they were doing at some
        previous moment in time. Here are some examples:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <ul class="example_english_only_list">
                        <li class="example_english_only_item">She <u>is doing</u> her homework.</li>
                        <li class="example_english_only_item">I <u>was standing</u> in line at the station.</li>

                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>


<p class="bodycopy">Notice how these tenses differ from what we&rsquo;ve had in our
        toolbox up until now. Previously, we were able to use the present tense, which
        describes a habitual action, and the simple past tense, which states something
        that happened and is done. But the progressive tenses have a feeling of
        immediacy. They&rsquo;re often used in getting things done and in storytelling.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">It&rsquo;s easy to form the progressive tenses in Japanese. Just
        use the <i>-te</i> form of the verb, directly
        attached to a form of <i>imasu</i>. (See chart next page.)</p>


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    <title>The Progressive Tenses 2</title>

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        <!-- Start conjugation table -->
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                <tr>
                    <td width="30%"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="conjugation_header conjugation_stroke_top conjugation_stroke_left conjugation_radius_tl">Positive</td>
		            <td class="conjugation_header_divider conjugation_stroke_top"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="conjugation_header conjugation_stroke_top conjugation_stroke_right conjugation_radius_tr">Negative</td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
		            <td class="conjugation_header conjugation_stroke_top conjugation_stroke_left conjugation_radius_tl" valign="top">Present</td>
		            <td class="conjugation_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		            <td class="conjugation_japanese conjugation_not_dimmed conjugation_clickable" id="con41" valign="top" onclick="playSound('Progressive_te-imasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('con41');" ontouchend="turnOff('con41');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('con41');">～て　います</td>
		            <td class="conjugation_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		            <td class="conjugation_japanese conjugation_stroke_right conjugation_not_dimmed conjugation_clickable" id="con42" valign="top" onclick="playSound('Progressive_te-imasen');" ontouchstart="turnOn('con42');" ontouchend="turnOff('con42');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('con42');">～て　いません</td>
                </tr>

                <!-- Line -->
	            <tr>
		            <td colspan="5" class="conjugation_divider conjugation_stroke_left conjugation_stroke_right"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	            </tr>

                <tr>
		            <td class="conjugation_header conjugation_stroke_left" valign="top">Past</td>
		            <td class="conjugation_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		            <td class="conjugation_japanese conjugation_not_dimmed conjugation_clickable" id="con43" valign="top" onclick="playSound('Progressive_te-imashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('con43');" ontouchend="turnOff('con43');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('con43');">～て　いました</td>
		            <td class="conjugation_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		            <td class="conjugation_japanese conjugation_stroke_right conjugation_not_dimmed conjugation_clickable" id="con44" valign="top" onclick="playSound('Progressive_te-imasen-deshita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('con44');" ontouchend="turnOff('con44');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('con44');">～て　いません　でした</td>
                </tr>

                <!-- Footer -->
	            <tr>
		            <td colspan="5" class="conjugation_footer conjugation_stroke_left conjugation_stroke_bottom conjugation_stroke_right"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	            </tr>

            </table>

        </div>
        <!-- End conjugation table -->


<p class="bodycopy">For example, using the verb <i>tabemasu</i>, we can produce these forms:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-progressive-10');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s656" onclick="playSound('Progressive_tabete-imasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s656');" ontouchend="turnOff('s656');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s656');"><span class="nw">たべて　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">います。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b656" onclick="showTranslation('b656', 't656');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b656');" ontouchend="turnOff('b656');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b656');">(show translation)</span><span id="t656" style="display:none;">I am eating.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-progressive-20');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s657" onclick="playSound('Progressive_tabete-imasen');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s657');" ontouchend="turnOff('s657');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s657');"><span class="nw">たべて　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いません。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b657" onclick="showTranslation('b657', 't657');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b657');" ontouchend="turnOff('b657');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b657');">(show translation)</span><span id="t657" style="display:none;">I am not eating.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-progressive-30');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s658" onclick="playSound('Progressive_tabete-imashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s658');" ontouchend="turnOff('s658');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s658');"><span class="nw">たべて　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b658" onclick="showTranslation('b658', 't658');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b658');" ontouchend="turnOff('b658');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b658');">(show translation)</span><span id="t658" style="display:none;">I was eating.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-progressive-40');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s659" onclick="playSound('Progressive_tabete-imasen-deshita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s659');" ontouchend="turnOff('s659');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s659');"><span class="nw">たべて　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いません　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">でした。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b659" onclick="showTranslation('b659', 't659');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b659');" ontouchend="turnOff('b659');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b659');">(show translation)</span><span id="t659" style="display:none;">I was not eating.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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    <title>The Progressive Tenses 3</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">Japanese is often very different from English, but sometimes
        it&rsquo;s uncannily similar. This structure is practically a mirror of the structure
        in English. Recall that the verb <i>imasu</i>
        means existence. We could legitimately translate <i>Imasu</i> as &ldquo;I am&rdquo; and <i>Imashita</i>
        as &ldquo;I was.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">What&rsquo;s more, the <i>-te</i>
        form of Japanese verbs is quite similar in function to the -ing form of English
        verbs. (The grammar behind this is a bit beyond the scope of the current
        lesson, so you&rsquo;ll have to take my word on that.) So amazingly enough, the
        Japanese and English structures here are practically identical. You could think
        of <i>Tabete imasu</i> literally as &ldquo;Eating,
        I am.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">When you produce a progressive verb, treat the whole thing
        as one unit, and simply plop it at the end of sentences as always. Here are some
        examples:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-progressive-50');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s660" onclick="playSound('Progressive_senseiha-yonde-imashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s660');" ontouchend="turnOff('s660');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s660');"><span class="nw">せんせいは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">よんで　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b660" onclick="showTranslation('b660', 't660');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b660');" ontouchend="turnOff('b660');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b660');">(show translation)</span><span id="t660" style="display:none;">The teacher was reading.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-progressive-60');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s661" onclick="playSound('Progressive_sonohitoha-ekini-tatte-imashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s661');" ontouchend="turnOff('s661');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s661');"><span class="nw">そのひとは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">えきに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">たって　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b661" onclick="showTranslation('b661', 't661');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b661');" ontouchend="turnOff('b661');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b661');">(show translation)</span><span id="t661" style="display:none;">That person was standing at the station.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-progressive-70');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s662" onclick="playSound('Progressive_inuha,nekowo-mite-imasen-deshita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s662');" ontouchend="turnOff('s662');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s662');"><span class="nw">いぬは、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ねこを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">みて　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いません　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">でした。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b662" onclick="showTranslation('b662', 't662');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b662');" ontouchend="turnOff('b662');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b662');">(show translation)</span><span id="t662" style="display:none;">The dog was not watching the cat.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-progressive-80');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s663" onclick="playSound('Progressive_nekoha-nezumiwo-mite-imasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s663');" ontouchend="turnOff('s663');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s663');"><span class="nw">ねこは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ねずみを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">みて　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">います。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b663" onclick="showTranslation('b663', 't663');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b663');" ontouchend="turnOff('b663');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b663');">(show translation)</span><span id="t663" style="display:none;">The cat is watching the mouse.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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    <title>The Progressive Tenses 4</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">Having the progressive tenses under our belt allows me to
        introduce a special verb.</p>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="33%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header" width="33%">-Te Form</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="34%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v659_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v659_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v659_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v659_col1');" onclick="playSound('Progressive_shirimasu');"><span class="nw">しります</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v659_col2" ontouchstart="turnOn('v659_col2');" ontouchend="turnOff('v659_col2');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v659_col2');" onclick="playSound('Progressive_shitte');"><span class="nw">しって</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">to learn / to know</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->

<p class="bodycopy">In its ordinary present tense, this verb means &ldquo;to learn&rdquo; or &ldquo;to become aware of,&rdquo; 
        but it is not used this way frequently. Typically, it is used in two forms. The
        first is the present progressive (<i>shitte
        imasu</i>), to mean you know, e.g., that you are <i>in a state of having already learned</i>, use the present progressive.
        The second form is the ordinary present negative (<i>shirimasen</i>), to indicate that you are unaware of something.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-progressive-90');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s664" onclick="playSound('Progressive_shitte-imasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s664');" ontouchend="turnOff('s664');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s664');"><span class="nw">しって　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">います。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b664" onclick="showTranslation('b664', 't664');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b664');" ontouchend="turnOff('b664');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b664');">(show translation)</span><span id="t664" style="display:none;">I know.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-progressive-100');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s665" onclick="playSound('Progressive_shirimasen');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s665');" ontouchend="turnOff('s665');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s665');"><span class="nw">しりません。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b665" onclick="showTranslation('b665', 't665');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b665');" ontouchend="turnOff('b665');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b665');">(show translation)</span><span id="t665" style="display:none;">I don&rsquo;t know.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-progressive-110');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s666" onclick="playSound('Progressive_kono-hitowo-shitte-imasuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s666');" ontouchend="turnOff('s666');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s666');"><span class="nw">この　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ひとを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しって　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いますか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b666" onclick="showTranslation('b666', 't666');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b666');" ontouchend="turnOff('b666');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b666');">(show translation)</span><span id="t666" style="display:none;">Do you know this person?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-progressive-120');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s667" onclick="playSound('Progressive_sono-hitowo-shirimasen');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s667');" ontouchend="turnOff('s667');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s667');"><span class="nw">その　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ひとを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しりません。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b667" onclick="showTranslation('b667', 't667');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b667');" ontouchend="turnOff('b667');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b667');">(show translation)</span><span id="t667" style="display:none;">I don&rsquo;t know that person.</span></div>
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<p class="bodycopy"><i>Shitte imasu</i> is
        the ordinary, even-handed way of indicating that you already know something you
        are being told. If you want to say, &ldquo;Geez, I know <i>that!</i>&rdquo; then you can use <i>wakarimasu</i>
        in the present progressive:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-progressive-130');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s668" onclick="playSound('Progressive_shitte-imasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s668');" ontouchend="turnOff('s668');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s668');"><span class="nw">しって　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">います。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b668" onclick="showTranslation('b668', 't668');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b668');" ontouchend="turnOff('b668');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b668');">(show translation)</span><span id="t668" style="display:none;">I know.</span></div>
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            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
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                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-progressive-140');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
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                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s669" onclick="playSound('Progressive_wakatte-imasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s669');" ontouchend="turnOff('s669');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s669');"><span class="nw">わかって　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">います。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b669" onclick="showTranslation('b669', 't669');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b669');" ontouchend="turnOff('b669');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b669');">(show translation)</span><span id="t669" style="display:none;">I know already. Gimme a break.</span></div>
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        <div class="subheading_level_1">Summary</div>


<p class="bodycopy">In this chapter, we learned how to use the progressive tenses, which are 
forms that allow you to say things like &ldquo;I am standing&rdquo; and &ldquo;She was eating.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">We found that using progressive tenses in Japanese is simply a matter of 
putting together the <i>-te</i> form of a verb and the appropriate form of <i>imasu</i>. Therefore, something like 
&ldquo;I am sitting&rdquo; becomes <i>Suwatte imasu</i>, whereas &ldquo;I was sitting&rdquo; becomes <i>Suwatte imashita.</i> 
On the negative side, &ldquo;I am not eating&rdquo; is <i>Tabete imasen,</i> and &ldquo;I was not eating&rdquo; becomes <i>Tabete imasen deshita</i>.
</p>

<p class="bodycopy">
        Our treatment of the progressive tenses has been brief here because we&rsquo;re about
        to have several chapters which will use it extensively, so you&rsquo;ll get lots of chances
        to see it in action shortly.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">But first, make sure you understand everything by testing yourself with the friendly quiz below.</p>

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<p class="bodycopy">In our next chapter, we&rsquo;ll learn how to talk about wearing clothes in Japanese.</p>
    
          
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