304     9531    9835    2752    12587   6558    19145   13560   32705   2979    35684   5823    41507   2267    43774   7053    50827   2543    53370   2378    55748   2067    57815   8450    66265   3133    69398   7363    76761   7514    84275   3101    87376   7023    94399   9626    104025  2322    <!DOCTYPE html>
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    <title>Greetings 1</title>

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        <!-- Note: We have to mark a few of these as introduced ahead of the real introduction point because they appear in phrases that we later break down more carefully. -->

<!-- Topic marker 'wa'-->
<!-- 'Nan' -->
<!-- 'Nani' -->
<!-- 'Desu' -->
<!-- Question marker 'ka' -->
<!-- 'Mariko' -->
<!-- 'Arigatou' -->
<!-- 'Arigatou gozaimasu' -->
<!-- 'A' ("Oh")-->

<!-- Page 1 -->

        <div class="chapter_number">Chapter 6</div>
        <div class="chapter_name">Greetings</div>
        <div class="blurb">So you arrive in Japan and start meeting people for
        the first time. What will you say? How will you act? What will you wear?</div>
        <div><img src="divider@2x.png" class="divider" /></div>

<p class="bodycopy">Relax. There&rsquo;s nothing to worry about. In this lesson, we&rsquo;ll
        look at the basic greetings, and learn how to introduce ourselves. 
        First, I&rsquo;ll give you the vocab, and then we can discuss it.</p>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="33%">Japanese</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header" width="33%">Roman Letters</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="34%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v1_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v1_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v1_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v1_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_ohayou-gozaimasu');"><span class="nw">おはよう ございます</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">ohayou gozaimasu</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">Good morning.</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v2_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v2_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v2_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v2_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_konnichi-wa');"><span class="nw">こんにちは</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">konnichi wa*</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">Good afternoon.</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v3_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v3_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v3_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v3_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_konban-wa');"><span class="nw">こんばんは</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">konban wa*</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">Good evening.</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v4_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v4_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v4_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v4_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_oyasumi-nasai');"><span class="nw">おやすみなさい</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">oyasumi nasai</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">Goodnight.</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v5_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v5_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v5_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v5_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_doumo-arigatou-gozaimasu');"><span class="nw">どうも ありがとう ございます</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">doumo arigatou gozaimasu</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">Thank you very much.</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v6_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v6_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v6_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v6_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_dou-itashimashite');"><span class="nw">どう いたしまして</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">dou itashimashite</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">You&rsquo;re welcome.</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v7_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v7_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v7_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v7_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_hajimemashite');"><span class="nw">はじめまして</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">hajimemashite</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">Nice to meet you (in beginning).</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v8_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v8_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v8_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v8_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_douzo-yoroshiku');"><span class="nw">どうぞ よろしく</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">douzo yoroshiku</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">Nice to meet you (thanks in advance).</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->

<p class="bodycopy">* I know these look like <i>konnichi <u>ha</u></i> and <i>konban <u>ha</u></i>. Sit tight&mdash;I&rsquo;ll explain why in a moment.</p>


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    <title>Greetings 2</title>

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        <div class="subheading_level_2">Notes</div>


<p class="bodycopy">The greetings for good morning, good afternoon, and good
        evening are used essentially as they are in English. They can be used with
        strangers as well as acquaintances. There are, however, a few small
        differences.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">The first one has to do with the boundary between good
        morning and good afternoon. In English, we take good morning all the way up to
        about noon. However, in Japanese, <i>ohayou
        gozaimasu</i> literally means &ldquo;It is early,&rdquo; so if you use it too far after
        perhaps 10:00 am, you might have people wondering how late you get up.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Another difference is that in English, we use &ldquo;hello&rdquo; as an
        all-purpose greeting anytime of the day or night, but in Japanese, <i>konnichi wa</i> is definitely a daytime
        greeting. Use it at night and you&rsquo;ll probably evoke a laugh or two, perhaps
        like the reaction you&rsquo;d get if you greeted your English-speaking friends &ldquo;good
        afternoon&rdquo; at nine o&rsquo;clock at night.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">As in English, <i>konban
        wa</i> generally swings into action around 6:00 at night. For all you late
        night partiers, this greeting is good until perhaps 3:00 or 4:00 in the
        morning, when it starts to be &ldquo;early&rdquo; again instead of &ldquo;late.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">
        Besides
        being used in the literal sense when wishing someone a good night before going
        to bed, <i>Oyasumi nasai</i>, or &ldquo;good
        night,&rdquo; is used frequently to say goodbye to someone at night, say, when
        parting ways after eating dinner together or ending a phone conversation.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Now for a couple of notes on pronunciation...</p>


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    <title>Greetings 3</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">If you listen carefully to <i>ohayou gozaimasu</i>, you&rsquo;ll notice that it sounds almost like 
        <i>ohayou gozaimas&rsquo;</i>, with no final <i>u</i> sound. This is a so-called &ldquo;whispered
        vowel,&rdquo; because it&rsquo;s almost as if the speaker is pronouncing that final <i>su</i> ever-so-softly. 
        This &ldquo;whispering&rdquo; happens frequently when words end in <i>su</i>.
        You&rsquo;ll notice the effect at work in our vocabulary list in the word <i>desu</i> as well.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Many people do give the <i>su</i>
        its full value, especially when speaking formally, but it is very frequently
        abbreviated in more relaxed speech. Listen to the whispered and non-whispered
        flavors of the following words below to get a feel for this:</p>

        <div class="simple_table_container">

            <!-- Start simple table -->
	    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="simple_table">

                <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
                        <td class="simple_header simple_radius_tl" width="50%">Whispered</td>
                        <td class="simple_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="simple_header simple_radius_tr" width="50%">Non-whispered</td>

	        </tr>


	        <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
                        <td class="simple_japanese simple_odd_row simple_clickable_odd" id="st133" valign="top" onclick="playSound('Greetings_gozaimasu-whispered');" ontouchstart="turnOn('st133');" ontouchend="turnOff('st133');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('st133');">ございます</td>
                        <td class="simple_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="simple_japanese simple_odd_row simple_clickable_odd" id="st134" valign="top" onclick="playSound('Greetings_gozaimasu-non-whispered');" ontouchstart="turnOn('st134');" ontouchend="turnOff('st134');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('st134');">ございます</td>

	        </tr>
	        <!-- Line -->
	        <tr>
		    <td colspan="3" class="simple_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

	        <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
                        <td class="simple_japanese simple_even_row simple_clickable_even" id="st135" valign="top" onclick="playSound('Greetings_desu-whispered');" ontouchstart="turnOn('st135');" ontouchend="turnOff('st135');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('st135');">です</td>
                        <td class="simple_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="simple_japanese simple_even_row simple_clickable_even" id="st136" valign="top" onclick="playSound('Greetings_desu-non-whispered');" ontouchstart="turnOn('st136');" ontouchend="turnOff('st136');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('st136');">です</td>

	        </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
	        <tr>
		    <td colspan="3" class="simple_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>
            <!-- End simple table -->
        
        </div>

<p class="bodycopy">A note about the pronunciation of <i>konnichi wa</i> is in order. 
        If you want to be sure to stand out as a foreigner, go ahead
        and pronounce this greeting as <i>ko-ni-chi-wa</i>.
        On the other hand, if you want to draw crowds of admiring followers fawning
        over your excellent pronunciation, be sure to honor the doubled consonant here.
        Listen to the examples below and make sure you hear the difference between the
        correct pronunciation on the right and the incorrect pronunciation on the left.</p>

        <div class="simple_table_container">

            <!-- Start simple table -->
	    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="simple_table">

                <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
                        <td class="simple_header simple_radius_tl" width="50%">Foreigner Brian</td>
                        <td class="simple_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="simple_header simple_radius_tr" width="50%">Native Mariko</td>

	        </tr>


	        <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
                        <td class="simple_english simple_odd_row simple_clickable_odd" id="st137" valign="top" onclick="playSound('Greetings_konnichiwa-foreigner');" ontouchstart="turnOn('st137');" ontouchend="turnOff('st137');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('st137');">ko-ni-chi-wa</td>
                        <td class="simple_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="simple_japanese simple_odd_row simple_clickable_odd" id="st138" valign="top" onclick="playSound('Greetings_konnichi-wa');" ontouchstart="turnOn('st138');" ontouchend="turnOff('st138');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('st138');">こんにちは</td>

	        </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
	        <tr>
		    <td colspan="3" class="simple_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>
            <!-- End simple table -->
        
        </div>


<p class="bodycopy">But why are the greetings <i>konnichi wa</i> and <i>konban wa</i> written using the character <i>ha</i> 
        instead of <i>wa</i>? It&rsquo;s because that last character is actually a special grammatical device, called the particle <i>wa</i>, 
        which we&rsquo;ll be exploring in greater depth a few lessons down the road. You&rsquo;ll see this usage crop up in the next vocabulary list, too.
        For now, you&rsquo;ll just have to trust me, but don&rsquo;t worry, there is a good explanation for it that we will learn soon.</p>


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    <title>Greetings 4</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">Let&rsquo;s look at some more vocabulary. Note that a few of these words are
	    of foreign origin and ought to be written in katakana. We&rsquo;ll 
	    begin doing this after we learn that syllabary, but for now, I&rsquo;ll mark
	    them with an asterisk.</p>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="33%">Japanese</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header" width="33%">Roman Letters</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="34%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v9_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v9_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v9_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v9_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_desu');"><span class="nw">～です</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">~ desu</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">I&rsquo;m ~</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
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                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v10_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v10_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v10_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v10_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_ojigi');"><span class="nw">おじぎ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">ojigi</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">bow</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v11_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v11_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v11_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v11_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_onamae');"><span class="nw">おなまえ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">o-namae</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">(your) name</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v12_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v12_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v12_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v12_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_onamaeha-nan-desuka');"><span class="nw">おなまえは なんですか。</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">O-namae wa nan desu ka?</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">What is your name?</td>
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                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v13_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v13_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v13_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v13_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_ogenki-desu-ka');"><span class="nw">おげんき ですか。</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">O-genki desu ka?</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">How are you?</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v14_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v14_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v14_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v14_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_genki-desu');"><span class="nw">げんき です。</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">Genki desu.</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">I&rsquo;m well.</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v15_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v15_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v15_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v15_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_hai');"><span class="nw">はい</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">hai</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">yes</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v16_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v16_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v16_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v16_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_iie');"><span class="nw">いいえ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">iie</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">no</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v17_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v17_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v17_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v17_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_nihon');"><span class="nw">にほん</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">Nihon</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">Japan</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v18_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v18_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v18_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v18_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_amerika');"><span class="nw">あめりか</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">Amerika*</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">America</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v19_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v19_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v19_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v19_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_kanada');"><span class="nw">かなだ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">Kanada*</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">Canada</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v20_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v20_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v20_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v20_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_jin');"><span class="nw">～じん</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">-jin</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">A person from ~</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v21_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v21_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v21_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v21_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_nihon-jin');"><span class="nw">にほんじん</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">Nihon-jin</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">Japanese person</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v22_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v22_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v22_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v22_col1');" onclick="playSound('Greetings_amerika-jin');"><span class="nw">あめりかじん</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">Amerika*-jin</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">American person</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->

<p class="bodycopy">* indicates words that are properly written in katakana.</p>


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    <title>Greetings 5</title>

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        <div class="subheading_level_2">Notes</div>


<p class="bodycopy">If you listen carefully, you&rsquo;ll hear that <i>konban wa</i> sounds more like <i>ko<b>m</b>ban
        wa</i>, whereas <i>genki</i> sounds almost like &ldquo;geng-ki.&rdquo; What&rsquo;s going on here?</p>

<p class="bodycopy">I like to say that <i>n</i>
        is a little like tofu. It picks up the flavor of the things it&rsquo;s cooked with.
        If you say <i>konban</i> aloud a few times,
        you&rsquo;ll notice that the first <i>n</i>
        naturally morphs into an <i>m</i> as the
        lips come together for the <i>ba</i>.
        Another example of this is the word for newspaper, <i>shinbun</i>, which sounds more like <i>shi<b>m</b>bun</i>.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">For those who are interested, this effect is called <i>euphony</i>, which is a fancy way of saying
        that people cut corners in speech now and then to make the sounds come out
        better. <i>Shin-bun</i> is actually pretty awkward
        to say&mdash;it&rsquo;s natural that the middle <i>n</i>
        should become an <i>m</i>. Fortunately,
        whether you&rsquo;re Japanese, American, or Egyptian, we all have the same basic
        speech &ldquo;hardware,&rdquo; so when we encounter these changes from time to time, they
        should tend to make sense.</p>

        <div class="subheading_level_2">Introducing yourself</div>


<p class="bodycopy">Now for that first meeting. In formal settings, when two
        people meet for the first time, they bow to each other from the waist. Men keep
        their arms at their side, fingers stretched out flat, as they bow. Women put
        their hands together in front of their lap. This bow is called an <i>O-jigi</i>. Normally, the person who is of
        lower social status bows more deeply. Social status is kind of tricky. It has
        to do with age, type of employment, and position in that employment. But it
        would be a good idea as a foreigner to always bow slightly more deeply to
        everyone, with the possible exception of teenagers and younger children.</p>


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    <title>Greetings 6</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">We&rsquo;ll learn the mechanics of what&rsquo;s happening a few lessons
        from now, but for now, to introduce yourself, just say your name plus <i>desu</i>. For example, to say &ldquo;I&rsquo;m John,&rdquo;
        simply say <i>John desu</i>.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">To ask someone their name, use the phrase <i>O-namae wa nan desu ka?</i> This phrase uses
        a special particle called <i>wa</i>, which
        is written using the hiragana character <i>ha</i>.
        This is one of the very few times that a character is not pronounced the way it
        looks, I promise. For now, just memorize this phrase. We&rsquo;ll be examining <i>wa</i> in
        great depth a few lessons down the line.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-greetings-09');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s3" onclick="playSound('Greetings_onamaeha-nan-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s3');" ontouchend="turnOff('s3');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s3');"><span class="nw">おなまえは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">なんですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl3" onclick="showRoman('rl3', 'r3');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl3');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl3');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl3');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r3" style="display:none;">O-namae wa nan desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b3" onclick="showTranslation('b3', 't3');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b3');" ontouchend="turnOff('b3');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b3');">(show translation)</span><span id="t3" style="display:none;">What is your name?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-greetings-10');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s4" onclick="playSound('Greetings_jon-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s4');" ontouchend="turnOff('s4');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s4');"><span class="nw">じょん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl4" onclick="showRoman('rl4', 'r4');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl4');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl4');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl4');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r4" style="display:none;">Jon desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b4" onclick="showTranslation('b4', 't4');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b4');" ontouchend="turnOff('b4');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b4');">(show translation)</span><span id="t4" style="display:none;">I&rsquo;m John.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-greetings-20');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s5" onclick="playSound('Greetings_mariko-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s5');" ontouchend="turnOff('s5');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s5');"><span class="nw">まりこ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl5" onclick="showRoman('rl5', 'r5');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl5');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl5');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl5');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r5" style="display:none;">Mariko desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b5" onclick="showTranslation('b5', 't5');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b5');" ontouchend="turnOff('b5');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b5');">(show translation)</span><span id="t5" style="display:none;">I&rsquo;m Mariko.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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    <title>Greetings 7</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">Japanese has a lot of &ldquo;set phrases.&rdquo; These are little
        phrases that people say to one another at particular social occasions. I like
        to compare them to the Vulcan phrase, &ldquo;Live long and prosper&rdquo; from the
        fictional world of <i>Star Trek</i>. The
        phrase is said at particular occasions, and always in those exact words. As you
        study Japanese, you&rsquo;ll come across a fair number of expressions that work this
        way.</p>

<p class="bodycopy"><i>Hajimemashite</i> and <i>douzo yoroshiku</i> are two set phrases that
        people say when meeting someone for the first time. Literally, <i>hajimemashite</i> means &ldquo;in beginning (this
        relationship),&rdquo; and <i>douzo yoroshiku</i>
        means something like &ldquo;best regards going forward,&rdquo; or &ldquo;thanks in advance.&rdquo; Pick
        the one that rolls off your tongue the best and make that your own personal set
        phrase for when you meet new people.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">To say &ldquo;thank you,&rdquo; you get a few choices, just as we do in
        English. For example, sometimes we express our appreciation with a quick
        &ldquo;thanks,&rdquo; and other times we go all out with, &ldquo;Thank you very much, I really
        appreciate it.&rdquo; So it is in Japanese. The full phrase is <i>doumo arigatou gozaimasu</i>, which is the most polite. Here are a few
        other flavors:</p>


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    <title>Greetings 8</title>

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        <div class="example">
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                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-greetings-30');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s6" onclick="playSound('Greetings_doumo-arigatou-gozaimasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s6');" ontouchend="turnOff('s6');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s6');"><span class="nw">どうも　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ありがとう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ございます。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl6" onclick="showRoman('rl6', 'r6');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl6');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl6');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl6');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r6" style="display:none;">Doumo arigatou gozaimasu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b6" onclick="showTranslation('b6', 't6');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b6');" ontouchend="turnOff('b6');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b6');">(show translation)</span><span id="t6" style="display:none;">Thank you very much.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-greetings-40');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s7" onclick="playSound('Greetings_arigatou-gozaimasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s7');" ontouchend="turnOff('s7');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s7');"><span class="nw">ありがとう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ございます。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl7" onclick="showRoman('rl7', 'r7');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl7');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl7');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl7');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r7" style="display:none;">Arigatou gozaimasu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b7" onclick="showTranslation('b7', 't7');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b7');" ontouchend="turnOff('b7');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b7');">(show translation)</span><span id="t7" style="display:none;">Thank you.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-greetings-50');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s8" onclick="playSound('Greetings_arigatou');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s8');" ontouchend="turnOff('s8');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s8');"><span class="nw">ありがとう。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl8" onclick="showRoman('rl8', 'r8');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl8');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl8');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl8');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r8" style="display:none;">Arigatou.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b8" onclick="showTranslation('b8', 't8');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b8');" ontouchend="turnOff('b8');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b8');">(show translation)</span><span id="t8" style="display:none;">Thanks.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-greetings-60');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s9" onclick="playSound('Greetings_doumo');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s9');" ontouchend="turnOff('s9');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s9');"><span class="nw">どうも。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl9" onclick="showRoman('rl9', 'r9');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl9');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl9');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl9');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r9" style="display:none;">Doumo.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b9" onclick="showTranslation('b9', 't9');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b9');" ontouchend="turnOff('b9');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b9');">(show translation)</span><span id="t9" style="display:none;">Cheers!</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">To remember how this works, it helps to keep in mind that
        the real &ldquo;thank you&rdquo; meaning is living in the word <i>arigatou</i>. The <i>doumo</i> is
        the &ldquo;very&rdquo; and there&rsquo;s a long story behind the <i>gozaimasu</i> part, but you can think of it for now as
        a formalizer that wouldn&rsquo;t mean much on its own. 
        So you don&rsquo;t want to get creative and try a <i>doumo gozaimasu</i>, since you&rsquo;d be missing the actual &ldquo;thank you&rdquo;
        part! (<i>Doumo</i> gets to work all on its own as a sort of abbreviation of the longer phrase.)</p>


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<p class="bodycopy">Finally, a common phrase to ask someone&rsquo;s health is <i>O-genki desu ka?</i> However, there is a
        critical difference between this phrase and the English phrase, &ldquo;How are you?&rdquo;
        The English phrase is an open-ended question. You might be down and out, crazy
        in love, or just workaday fine. However, the Japanese is a yes or no question.
        Literally, it means, &ldquo;Are you healthy?&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Therefore, the typical answer to &ldquo;How are you?&rdquo; in Japanese
        is actually, &ldquo;Yes,&rdquo; because you&rsquo;re affirming that you are indeed in good
        health. Again, we&rsquo;ll be looking at the mechanics of the sentence very soon, but
        for now, just memorize &ldquo;<i>Hai, genki desu</i>,&rdquo;
        as the response.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Something to keep in mind about the phrase, however, is
        that, because you are literally asking whether a person is healthy, Japanese
        people don&rsquo;t ask it as often as people from other countries do. English speakers often use it several
        times a day with the same person, as a sort of general greeting, not even
        really expecting a response, but that doesn&rsquo;t sound right in Japanese. Ask it
        like that and you&rsquo;ll probably get a puzzled expression and response like, &ldquo;Of
        course I&rsquo;m still healthy, you just saw me two hours ago...&rdquo;
</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Japanese people typically use the expression to ask someone
        whom they haven&rsquo;t seen for a while. In this way, it&rsquo;s rather like the &ldquo;How <i>are</i> you?&rdquo; spoken among friends meeting
        up after an interval of some time.</p>


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<p class="bodycopy">And finally, I intentionally put several words on the
        vocabulary list that start with <nobr><i>o-</i>.</nobr>
        This is called the honorific <i>O</i>, and
        it precedes many nouns in Japanese. Sometimes, it has been used for so long
        that it has become an inseparable part of the word, as in <i>ojigi</i>. But in cases where it&rsquo;s attached to something that can
        belong to someone, you usually use it to speak politely about <i>someone else&rsquo;s</i>, but take it off when
        referring to your own.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">For example, on the list, I have <i>o-namae</i> and <i>o-genki</i>. <i>Namae</i> and <i>genki</i> are the true,             raw words here, meaning &ldquo;name&rdquo; and &ldquo;good health,&rdquo;
        but when speaking or inquiring about someone else&rsquo;s name or health, you attach
        the honorific <i>O</i>. You would never
        refer to your own name as <i>o-namae</i>. If
        you mechanically translate it as &ldquo;honorable,&rdquo; so that <i>o-namae</i> becomes &ldquo;honorable name,&rdquo; you&rsquo;ll get the picture.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">That&rsquo;s why as a response to the question <i>O-genki desu ka?</i> (&ldquo;Are you in honorable good
        health?&rdquo;), you should say, <i>Hai, <u>genki</u>
        desu</i> (&ldquo;Yes, I&rsquo;m in good health&rdquo;), omitting the <i>o-</i>, because to call one&rsquo;s own health honorable would be, well, less
        than honorable. In a nutshell, the honorific <i>O</i> is for other people, never yourself.</p>


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        <div class="subheading_level_1">Katakana</div>


<p class="bodycopy">Before we finish up this lesson, we&rsquo;re also going to
        consider the first ten katakana. Katakana is a sort of &ldquo;cousin
        syllabary&rdquo; to hiragana, and it&rsquo;s
        used mainly to write words of foreign origin, much as we write foreign words in
        English in italics.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">For example, in this lesson, we had the vocabulary word <i>Amerika</i>. In the vocabulary list, I wrote
        this in hiragana, but because it is a
        word from a foreign language, it should correctly be written in katakana.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Katakana will be
        fairly easy to learn. All the rules about <i>ten-ten</i>
        and <i>ya-yu-yo</i> combinations work in
        exactly the same way, and many of the characters look similar to their hiragana cousins. 
        You can think of hiragana and katakana like the printed and cursive alphabets in English.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">We&rsquo;ll ramp into katakana
        gradually. At the end of the next five vocabulary lessons, we&rsquo;ll consider about
        ten characters each. Let&rsquo;s look at the first ten now.</p>


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        <div class="subheading_level_1">The a-series</div>


        <script language="javascript">if (typeof(allKanaAnimationItemIDs) === "undefined") { var allKanaAnimationItemIDs = new Array(); }</script>
        <div class="kana_animation_table_outermost_container ">
            <div class="kana_animation_table_container">
                <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="kana_animation_table">
                <tr>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell">
                            <video id="anim52" ontouchend="toggleVideoPlayback('anim52');" class="kana_character" poster="katakana_a.png" playsinline="" webkit-playsinline="">
                                <source src="katakana_a.mp4" type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.4D401E, mp4a.40.2"'/>
                            </video>
                        </td>
                        <script language="javascript">allKanaAnimationItemIDs.push('anim52');</script>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell">
                            <video id="anim53" ontouchend="toggleVideoPlayback('anim53');" class="kana_character" poster="katakana_i.png" playsinline="" webkit-playsinline="">
                                <source src="katakana_i.mp4" type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.4D401E, mp4a.40.2"'/>
                            </video>
                        </td>
                        <script language="javascript">allKanaAnimationItemIDs.push('anim53');</script>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell">
                            <video id="anim54" ontouchend="toggleVideoPlayback('anim54');" class="kana_character" poster="katakana_u.png" playsinline="" webkit-playsinline="">
                                <source src="katakana_u.mp4" type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.4D401E, mp4a.40.2"'/>
                            </video>
                        </td>
                        <script language="javascript">allKanaAnimationItemIDs.push('anim54');</script>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell">
                            <video id="anim55" ontouchend="toggleVideoPlayback('anim55');" class="kana_character" poster="katakana_e.png" playsinline="" webkit-playsinline="">
                                <source src="katakana_e.mp4" type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.4D401E, mp4a.40.2"'/>
                            </video>
                        </td>
                        <script language="javascript">allKanaAnimationItemIDs.push('anim55');</script>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell">
                            <video id="anim56" ontouchend="toggleVideoPlayback('anim56');" class="kana_character" poster="katakana_o.png" playsinline="" webkit-playsinline="">
                                <source src="katakana_o.mp4" type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.4D401E, mp4a.40.2"'/>
                            </video>
                        </td>
                        <script language="javascript">allKanaAnimationItemIDs.push('anim56');</script>

                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="9" class="kana_animation_cell_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_caption">
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_name">A</div>
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_strokes">2 strokes</div>
                        </td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_caption">
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_name">I</div>
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_strokes">2 strokes</div>
                        </td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_caption">
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_name">U</div>
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_strokes">3 strokes</div>
                        </td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_caption">
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_name">E</div>
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_strokes">3 strokes</div>
                        </td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_caption">
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_name">O</div>
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_strokes">3 strokes</div>
                        </td>

                </tr>

                </table>
            </div>
        </div>


<p class="bodycopy">
        One of the biggest differences you&rsquo;ll notice about katakana is that while hiragana are sumptuous and curvy, katakana are hard and angular. Keep that
        in mind and you&rsquo;ll be able to write some sharp-looking characters.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Actually, this syllabary is composed almost entirely of
        straight lines. The only curved line you&rsquo;ll ever see is the one you see above
        in the characters <i>a</i>,<i> i</i>, <i>u</i>, and <i>o</i>.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">The other big difference between hiragana and katakana has to do with 
how you create long syllables. In hiragana, you&rsquo;ll recall, we wrote another character to extend a sound. 
But in katakana, it&rsquo;s easier&mdash;you extend a sound by simply writing a horizontal bar.
</p>

<p class="bodycopy">For example, here is the long sound <i>aa</i>, written in hiragana and katakana:</p>

            <div class="tiny_example_set">
            <div class="tiny_example">
                    <div class="tiny_example_content tiny_example_content_text_japanese tiny_example_content_clickable" id="tiny85" onclick="playSound('Pronunciation_aa');" ontouchstart="turnOn('tiny85');" ontouchend="turnOff('tiny85');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('tiny85');">ああ</div>

                    <div class="tiny_example_divider"></div>

                    <div class="tiny_example_caption">AA</div>

            </div>            <div class="tiny_example">
                    <div class="tiny_example_content tiny_example_content_text_japanese tiny_example_content_clickable" id="tiny86" onclick="playSound('Pronunciation_aa');" ontouchstart="turnOn('tiny86');" ontouchend="turnOff('tiny86');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('tiny86');">アー</div>

                    <div class="tiny_example_divider"></div>

                    <div class="tiny_example_caption">AA</div>

            </div>
            </div>


<p class="bodycopy">Easy stuff, right? In katakana, any sound can be extended using the horizontal bar.</p>

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        <div class="subheading_level_1">Writing tips</div>


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                    <tr>
                        <td><img src="tips_katakana_a@2x.png" class="kana_tips_table_character" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_tips_table_tip">
    Keep the angle in stroke one sharp in this character. When
    you begin stroke two, don&rsquo;t curve it right away. Bring it straight down for a
    bit before sweeping left.
  </td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                        <td><img src="tips_katakana_i@2x.png" class="kana_tips_table_character" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_tips_table_tip">
    Be sure to bring the second stroke straight down with a
    solid stop at the bottom. Don&rsquo;t flick your pencil down to make this stroke.
    Bring it straight down, stop moving the lead, <u>then</u> pick up your
    pencil.
  </td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                        <td><img src="tips_katakana_u@2x.png" class="kana_tips_table_character" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_tips_table_tip">
    Notice that the first two strokes and the first part of
    the third are all perfectly straight. Also, note that the first stroke is
    centered over the third.
  </td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                        <td><img src="tips_katakana_e@2x.png" class="kana_tips_table_character" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_tips_table_tip">
    Think of a flattened I-beam when you write this one.
    Notice that the character is slightly wider than it is tall.
  </td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                        <td><img src="tips_katakana_o@2x.png" class="kana_tips_table_character" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_tips_table_tip">
    Notice that the second stroke does not come down through
    the middle of the first. Keep it slightly off to the right, to make room for
    stroke three.
  </td>
                    </tr>

                </table>
            </div>


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        <div class="subheading_level_1">Reading practice</div>

<p class="bodycopy">
    Read and

    
            touch
        

your way through this grid to put those newly acquired characters to work. Note the use of the horizontal bar to extend sounds in several of the examples.</p>

            <div class="kana_practice_table_container">
                <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="kana_practice_table">
                <tr>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice152" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_ai');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice152');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice152');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice152');">アイ</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice153" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_ua');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice153');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice153');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice153');">ウア</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice154" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_oe');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice154');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice154');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice154');">オエ</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice155" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_aa');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice155');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice155');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice155');">アー</td>

                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="7"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>

                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice156" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_ee');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice156');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice156');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice156');">エー</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice157" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_ue');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice157');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice157');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice157');">ウエ</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice158" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_ie');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice158');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice158');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice158');">イエ</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice159" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_ae');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice159');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice159');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice159');">アエ</td>

                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="7"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>

                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice160" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_oe');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice160');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice160');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice160');">オエ</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice161" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_io');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice161');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice161');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice161');">イオ</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice162" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_ua');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice162');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice162');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice162');">ウア</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice163" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_ei');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice163');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice163');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice163');">エー</td>

                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="7"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>

                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice164" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_ii');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice164');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice164');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice164');">イー</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice165" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_ea');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice165');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice165');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice165');">エア</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice166" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_oi');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice166');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice166');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice166');">オイ</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice167" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_eo');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice167');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice167');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice167');">エオ</td>

                </tr>

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<!-- Page 14 -->

        <div class="subheading_level_1">The k-series</div>


        <script language="javascript">if (typeof(allKanaAnimationItemIDs) === "undefined") { var allKanaAnimationItemIDs = new Array(); }</script>
        <div class="kana_animation_table_outermost_container ">
            <div class="kana_animation_table_container">
                <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="kana_animation_table">
                <tr>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell">
                            <video id="anim57" ontouchend="toggleVideoPlayback('anim57');" class="kana_character" poster="katakana_ka.png" playsinline="" webkit-playsinline="">
                                <source src="katakana_ka.mp4" type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.4D401E, mp4a.40.2"'/>
                            </video>
                        </td>
                        <script language="javascript">allKanaAnimationItemIDs.push('anim57');</script>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell">
                            <video id="anim58" ontouchend="toggleVideoPlayback('anim58');" class="kana_character" poster="katakana_ki.png" playsinline="" webkit-playsinline="">
                                <source src="katakana_ki.mp4" type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.4D401E, mp4a.40.2"'/>
                            </video>
                        </td>
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                            <video id="anim59" ontouchend="toggleVideoPlayback('anim59');" class="kana_character" poster="katakana_ku.png" playsinline="" webkit-playsinline="">
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                            <video id="anim60" ontouchend="toggleVideoPlayback('anim60');" class="kana_character" poster="katakana_ke.png" playsinline="" webkit-playsinline="">
                                <source src="katakana_ke.mp4" type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.4D401E, mp4a.40.2"'/>
                            </video>
                        </td>
                        <script language="javascript">allKanaAnimationItemIDs.push('anim60');</script>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell">
                            <video id="anim61" ontouchend="toggleVideoPlayback('anim61');" class="kana_character" poster="katakana_ko.png" playsinline="" webkit-playsinline="">
                                <source src="katakana_ko.mp4" type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.4D401E, mp4a.40.2"'/>
                            </video>
                        </td>
                        <script language="javascript">allKanaAnimationItemIDs.push('anim61');</script>

                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="9" class="kana_animation_cell_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_caption">
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_name">KA</div>
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_strokes">2 strokes</div>
                        </td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_caption">
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_name">KI</div>
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_strokes">3 strokes</div>
                        </td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_caption">
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_name">KU</div>
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_strokes">2 strokes</div>
                        </td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_caption">
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_name">KE</div>
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_strokes">3 strokes</div>
                        </td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_animation_cell_caption">
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_name">KO</div>
                            <div class="kana_animation_cell_strokes">2 strokes</div>
                        </td>

                </tr>

                </table>
            </div>
        </div>


<p class="bodycopy">
        Right off the bat, you should notice that <i>ka</i> and <i>ki</i> are very similar to their hiragana
        counterparts.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">And again, notice that with the exception of the lines that
        curve down and toward the left, the characters are made entirely from straight
        lines. Westerners generally find this syllabary easier to write.</p>

<p class="bodycopy"><i>Ten-ten</i> can be
        applied to these five characters just like their cousins to produce the sounds <i>ga</i>, <i>gi</i>,
        <i>gu</i>, <i>ge</i>, and <i>go</i>.</p>

            <div class="tiny_example_set">
            <div class="tiny_example">
                    <div class="tiny_example_content tiny_example_content_text_japanese tiny_example_content_not_clickable" id="tiny87" onclick=""><span class="tiny_example_kana_series">ガギグゲゴ</span></div>

                    <div class="tiny_example_divider"></div>

                    <div class="tiny_example_caption">GA, GI, GU, GE and GO</div>

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<!-- Page 15 -->

        <div class="subheading_level_1">Writing tips</div>


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                <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="kana_tips_table">
                    <tr>
                        <td><img src="tips_katakana_ka@2x.png" class="kana_tips_table_character" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_tips_table_tip">
    Your main concerns in this character are the point in the
    middle of the first stroke and the <i>hane</i>
    at the end.
  </td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                        <td><img src="tips_katakana_ki@2x.png" class="kana_tips_table_character" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_tips_table_tip">
    Keep this character leaning to the left, reminiscent of
    its hiragana counterpart. Notice that the last stroke bisects the first two at a 90-degree angle.
  </td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                        <td><img src="tips_katakana_ku@2x.png" class="kana_tips_table_character" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_tips_table_tip">
    Here we have two instances of the &ldquo;katakana curve&rdquo; in a single
    character. If you can master this curve, your characters will look great.
  </td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                        <td><img src="tips_katakana_ke@2x.png" class="kana_tips_table_character" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_tips_table_tip">
    Obviously, <i>ke</i>
    differs from <i>ku</i> in that the second
    stroke is longer. But also notice that the placement of the second stroke is
    slightly lower, so that it meets the first stroke in the middle, not as high
    up as in <i>ku</i>.
  </td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                        <td><img src="tips_katakana_ko@2x.png" class="kana_tips_table_character" /></td>
                        <td class="kana_tips_table_tip">
    It&rsquo;s subtle in this font, but in <i>ko</i>, as in <i>e</i>, the character is slightly wider than it is tall. 
  </td>
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        <div class="subheading_level_1">Reading practice</div>

<p class="bodycopy">Give yourself a quick drill on the katakana we&rsquo;ve learned so far. </p>

            <div class="kana_practice_table_container">
                <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="kana_practice_table">
                <tr>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice168" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_kouka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice168');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice168');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice168');">コーカ</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice169" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_gei');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice169');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice169');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice169');">ゲー</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice170" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_egaku');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice170');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice170');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice170');">エガク</td>

                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="5"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>

                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice171" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_kiku');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice171');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice171');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice171');">キク</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice172" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_okiku');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice172');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice172');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice172');">オキク</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice173" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_goki');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice173');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice173');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice173');">ゴキ</td>

                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="5"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>

                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice174" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_akai');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice174');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice174');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice174');">アカイ</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice175" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_kigi');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice175');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice175');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice175');">キギ</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice176" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_kigou');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice176');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice176');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice176');">キゴー</td>

                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="5"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>

                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice177" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_keiko');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice177');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice177');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice177');">ケーコ</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice178" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_gikai');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice178');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice178');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice178');">ギカイ</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice179" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_goku');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice179');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice179');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice179');">ゴク</td>

                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="5"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>

                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice180" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_eiga');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice180');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice180');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice180');">エーガ</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice181" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_gaka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice181');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice181');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice181');">ガカ</td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_divider" colspan="1"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                    <td class="kana_practice_table_cell" id="kanaPractice182" onclick="playSound('Hiragana1_guai');" ontouchstart="turnOn('kanaPractice182');" ontouchend="turnOff('kanaPractice182');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('kanaPractice182');">グアイ</td>

                </tr>

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    <title>Greetings 18</title>

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<!-- Page 16 -->

        <div class="subheading_level_1">Dialog</div>


<p class="bodycopy">To put the vocabulary in this lesson to work, let&rsquo;s look in
        on a short conversation in which John, a tireless student of Japanese, meets
        the lovely Mariko for the first time.</p>

<!-- John and Mariko-->



        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_john@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-greetings-70');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
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                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s10" onclick="playSound('Greetings_konnichiha');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s10');" ontouchend="turnOff('s10');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s10');"><span class="nw">こんにちは。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl10" onclick="showRoman('rl10', 'r10');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl10');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl10');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl10');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r10" style="display:none;">Konnichi wa.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b10" onclick="showTranslation('b10', 't10');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b10');" ontouchend="turnOff('b10');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b10');">(show translation)</span><span id="t10" style="display:none;">Hello.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_mariko@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-greetings-80');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s11" onclick="playSound('Greetings_a,konnichiha');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s11');" ontouchend="turnOff('s11');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s11');"><span class="nw">あ、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">こんにちは。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl11" onclick="showRoman('rl11', 'r11');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl11');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl11');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl11');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r11" style="display:none;">A, konnichi wa.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b11" onclick="showTranslation('b11', 't11');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b11');" ontouchend="turnOff('b11');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b11');">(show translation)</span><span id="t11" style="display:none;">Oh, hello.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_john@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-greetings-90');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s12" onclick="playSound('Greetings_jon-desu-amerikajin-desu-onamaeha-nan-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s12');" ontouchend="turnOff('s12');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s12');"><span class="nw">じょん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">あめりかじん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">おなまえは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">なん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl12" onclick="showRoman('rl12', 'r12');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl12');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl12');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl12');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r12" style="display:none;">Jon desu. Amerika-jin desu. O-namae wa nan desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b12" onclick="showTranslation('b12', 't12');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b12');" ontouchend="turnOff('b12');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b12');">(show translation)</span><span id="t12" style="display:none;">I&rsquo;m John. I&rsquo;m an American. What&rsquo;s your name?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_mariko@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-greetings-100');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s13" onclick="playSound('Greetings_mariko-desu-hajimemashite');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s13');" ontouchend="turnOff('s13');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s13');"><span class="nw">まりこ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">はじめまして。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl13" onclick="showRoman('rl13', 'r13');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl13');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl13');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl13');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r13" style="display:none;">Mariko desu. Hajimemashite.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b13" onclick="showTranslation('b13', 't13');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b13');" ontouchend="turnOff('b13');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b13');">(show translation)</span><span id="t13" style="display:none;">I&rsquo;m Mariko. Nice to meet you.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_john@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-greetings-110');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s14" onclick="playSound('Greetings_john-douzo-yoroshiku');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s14');" ontouchend="turnOff('s14');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s14');"><span class="nw">どうぞ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">よろしく。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl14" onclick="showRoman('rl14', 'r14');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl14');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl14');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl14');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r14" style="display:none;">Douzo yoroshiku.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b14" onclick="showTranslation('b14', 't14');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b14');" ontouchend="turnOff('b14');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b14');">(show translation)</span><span id="t14" style="display:none;">Nice to meet you too.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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        <div class="subheading_level_1">Summary</div>


<p class="bodycopy">In this lesson, we learned about the basic greetings, the
        honorific <i>O</i>, a few set phrases, and
        the first ten katakana characters. </p>

<p class="bodycopy">We saw that two common greetings, <i>konnichi wa</i> and <i>konban wa</i>,
are written using a hiragana <i>ha</i> at the end instead of the character <i>wa</i>. Although we haven&rsquo;t met it yet,
this is a special <i>wa</i> and will become very important later.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">As always, test your knowledge with the friendly chapter review below. 
Also, starting in this chapter, lessons that introduce new vocabulary will include a vocab test. 
Give that a try to drill yourself on the words we learned, plus pick up a few experience points.
</p>

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<p class="bodycopy">In our next lesson, we&rsquo;ll be crossing a major bridge in Japanese: We&rsquo;ll be
        learning how to make sentences from scratch!</p>



    
          
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