176     5162    5338    5242    10580   7359    17939   3111    21050   5501    26551   9432    35983   9244    45227   9415    54642   9117    63759   7292    71051   3036    <!DOCTYPE html>
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    <title>Demonstratives 1</title>

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        <div class="chapter_number">Chapter 18</div>
        <div class="chapter_name">Demonstratives</div>
        <div class="blurb">Remember the five W&rsquo;s? You know&mdash;they&rsquo;re the five questions
        a good newspaper reporter is supposed to answer in her first paragraph: who,
        what, when, where, and why. The five W&rsquo;s illustrate an interesting pattern in
        English: words that ask something (<i>interrogatives</i>
        in grammar) usually start with &ldquo;wh.&rdquo; Some other examples are which, whose,
        whom, whither, and whence.</div>
        <div><img src="divider@2x.png" class="divider" /></div>

<p class="bodycopy">Japanese has a pattern similar to this, but much more
        helpful. You may or may not have ever noticed the pattern above in English, but
        I can guarantee you that every Japanese person knows the pattern we&rsquo;ll be
        learning about in this chapter. I call it the K-S-A-D pattern.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Take a look at the following chart.</p>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="50%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="50%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v273_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v273_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v273_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v273_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_kore');"><span class="nw">これ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">this one</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v274_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v274_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v274_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v274_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_sore');"><span class="nw">それ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">that one</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v275_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v275_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v275_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v275_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_are');"><span class="nw">あれ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">that one over there</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v276_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v276_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v276_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v276_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_dore');"><span class="nw">どれ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">which one?</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->


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<p class="bodycopy">The first thing to notice is that these words all end
        with <i>re</i>. That&rsquo;s because they all
        belong to the same &ldquo;set.&rdquo; Words that follow this pattern always come in fours,
        and always start with K, S, A, and D. More on this in a second.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">The second thing you may have noticed is that Japanese makes
        a distinction that English usually does not. When we say &ldquo;that,&rdquo; it can refer
        either to something near our listener or to something far away. For example, we
        can say, &ldquo;That&rsquo;s a nice shirt you&rsquo;ve got on,&rdquo; describing something in the
        listener&rsquo;s area, or we can say &ldquo;That&rsquo;s Mt. Fuji
        in the distance,&rdquo; describing something that is far from both speaker and
        listener.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">In Japanese, <i>sore</i>
        is used only for things that are in the listener&rsquo;s general area. To refer to
        things that are outside of both the speaker and the listener&rsquo;s general area, we
        use <i>are</i>.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Before we go any further with this K-S-A-D business, let&rsquo;s
        give these words a whirl. Try these example sentences on for size.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-10');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s143" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_koreha-shinbun-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s143');" ontouchend="turnOff('s143');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s143');"><span class="nw">これは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しんぶん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl143" onclick="showRoman('rl143', 'r143');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl143');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl143');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl143');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r143" style="display:none;">Kore wa shinbun desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b143" onclick="showTranslation('b143', 't143');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b143');" ontouchend="turnOff('b143');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b143');">(show translation)</span><span id="t143" style="display:none;">This is a newspaper.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-20');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s144" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_areha-ringo-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s144');" ontouchend="turnOff('s144');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s144');"><span class="nw">あれは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">りんご　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl144" onclick="showRoman('rl144', 'r144');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl144');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl144');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl144');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r144" style="display:none;">Are wa ringo desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b144" onclick="showTranslation('b144', 't144');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b144');" ontouchend="turnOff('b144');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b144');">(show translation)</span><span id="t144" style="display:none;">That over there is an apple.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

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        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-30');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s145" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_soreha-inu-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s145');" ontouchend="turnOff('s145');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s145');"><span class="nw">それは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いぬ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl145" onclick="showRoman('rl145', 'r145');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl145');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl145');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl145');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r145" style="display:none;">Sore wa inu desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b145" onclick="showTranslation('b145', 't145');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b145');" ontouchend="turnOff('b145');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b145');">(show translation)</span><span id="t145" style="display:none;">That is a dog.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-40');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s146" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_koreha-hana-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s146');" ontouchend="turnOff('s146');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s146');"><span class="nw">これは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">はな　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl146" onclick="showRoman('rl146', 'r146');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl146');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl146');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl146');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r146" style="display:none;">Kore wa hana desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b146" onclick="showTranslation('b146', 't146');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b146');" ontouchend="turnOff('b146');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b146');">(show translation)</span><span id="t146" style="display:none;">Is this a flower?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">As you can see, these sentences follow the standard &ldquo;A is a
        B&rdquo; structure that we learned earlier. Nothing tricky is happening with the
        grammar. We&rsquo;ve just plugged in some new nouns.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">But what about that intriguing question word, <i>dore</i>? How would we use it? For now,
        place it directly before the verb, like so:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-50');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s147" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_dore-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s147');" ontouchend="turnOff('s147');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s147');"><span class="nw">どれ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl147" onclick="showRoman('rl147', 'r147');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl147');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl147');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl147');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r147" style="display:none;">Dore desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b147" onclick="showTranslation('b147', 't147');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b147');" ontouchend="turnOff('b147');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b147');">(show translation)</span><span id="t147" style="display:none;">Which one is it?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-60');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s148" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_enpitsuha-dore-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s148');" ontouchend="turnOff('s148');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s148');"><span class="nw">えんぴつは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">どれ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl148" onclick="showRoman('rl148', 'r148');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl148');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl148');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl148');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r148" style="display:none;">Enpitsu wa dore desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b148" onclick="showTranslation('b148', 't148');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b148');" ontouchend="turnOff('b148');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b148');">(show translation)</span><span id="t148" style="display:none;">Which one is the pencil?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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<p class="bodycopy">In case the grammar here throws you, let&rsquo;s analyze these for
        a moment. We&rsquo;re used to the <i>X desu ka?</i>
        structure meaning, &ldquo;Is it an X?&rdquo; So if we substitute in the word &ldquo;which one&rdquo;
        for the X, the sentence should seem to be, &ldquo;Is it a which one?&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">The confusion here comes from a strange aspect of English,
        which forces interrogatives to come to the front of the sentence. For example,
        look at the statement,</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <ul class="example_english_only_list">
                        <li class="example_english_only_item">Mariko walked to the park.</li>

                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>


<p class="bodycopy">To transform this into a question that asks where Mariko walked, 
        we must drag the park all the way to the opposite end of the sentence 
        and turn it into the word &ldquo;where&rdquo;:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <ul class="example_english_only_list">
                        <li class="example_english_only_item"><b>Where</b> did Mariko walk?</li>

                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>


<p class="bodycopy">Stop for a second and really understand how crazy this is.
        We really have to slice and dice our word order in English to make questions.
        But in Japanese, a question always has exactly the same word order as a
        statement, just with a <i>ka</i> on the end.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">So, if <i>kore desu ka?</i>
        means &ldquo;Is it this one?&rdquo; then <i>dore desu ka?</i>
        means, &ldquo;Is it which one?&rdquo; = &ldquo;Which one is it?&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Back to our second example, <i>Enpitsu wa dore desu ka?</i> To understand this, simply use our &ldquo;as
        for&rdquo; technique: &ldquo;As for the pencil...which one is it?&rdquo; = &ldquo;Which one is the
        pencil?&rdquo;</p>


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    <title>Demonstratives 5</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">Something you probably didn&rsquo;t notice (but you get <i>major</i> extra credit if you picked up on it!)
        is that these words are nouns. That&rsquo;s why I included the word &ldquo;one&rdquo; in each
        translation. You can use these words to say &ldquo;This one is a cat&rdquo; = &ldquo;This is a cat&rdquo; or &ldquo;That one is a newspaper&rdquo;
        = &ldquo;That is a newspaper.&rdquo; But you <i>cannot</i>
        use these words to say &ldquo;<i>This cat</i> goes
        to school&rdquo; or &ldquo;<i>This movie</i> is really
        lame,&rdquo; because in those instances, you&rsquo;re using &ldquo;this&rdquo; and &ldquo;that&rdquo; to
        describe another noun.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">This is an important distinction to make. In the latter examples,
        &ldquo;this&rdquo; and &ldquo;that&rdquo; are being used as adjectives. They&rsquo;re working exactly the
        same as any other adjective&mdash;the <i>black</i>
        cat, the <i>dead</i> cat, <i>this</i> cat. They&rsquo;re directly attached to
        their nouns. <i>Kore</i> and company cannot
        do this.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">So how <i>do</i> we say
        things like &ldquo;this cat&rdquo; or &ldquo;that girl&rdquo;? For that, we&rsquo;ll need another four-pack
        of vocabulary words. Check out this list and see if anything strikes you.</p>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="50%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="50%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v277_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v277_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v277_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v277_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_kono');"><span class="nw">この</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">this X</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v278_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v278_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v278_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v278_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_sono');"><span class="nw">その</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">that X</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v279_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v279_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v279_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v279_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_ano');"><span class="nw">あの</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">that X over there</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v280_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v280_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v280_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v280_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_dono');"><span class="nw">どの</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">which X?</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->


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<p class="bodycopy">Aha! This list looks intriguingly similar to the other list,
        doesn&rsquo;t it? And it not only looks similar, but it works similarly, too. <i>Kono</i> works for things near the speaker, <i>sono</i> for items near the listener, <i>ano</i> for items removed from both areas,
        and <i>dono</i> for the interrogative
        &ldquo;which?&rdquo; The only difference is that the words in this set are used like
        adjectives. Let&rsquo;s try some examples.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-70');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s149" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_kono-hitoha-sensei-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s149');" ontouchend="turnOff('s149');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s149');"><span class="nw">この　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ひとは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">せんせい　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl149" onclick="showRoman('rl149', 'r149');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl149');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl149');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl149');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r149" style="display:none;">Kono hito wa sensei desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b149" onclick="showTranslation('b149', 't149');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b149');" ontouchend="turnOff('b149');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b149');">(show translation)</span><span id="t149" style="display:none;">This person is a teacher.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-80');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s150" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_sono-senseiha-KANADAjin-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s150');" ontouchend="turnOff('s150');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s150');"><span class="nw">その　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">せんせいは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">カナダじん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl150" onclick="showRoman('rl150', 'r150');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl150');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl150');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl150');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r150" style="display:none;">Sono sensei wa Kanada-jin desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b150" onclick="showTranslation('b150', 't150');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b150');" ontouchend="turnOff('b150');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b150');">(show translation)</span><span id="t150" style="display:none;">That teacher is Canadian.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-90');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s151" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_ano-yamaga-suki-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s151');" ontouchend="turnOff('s151');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s151');"><span class="nw">あの　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">やまが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">すき　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl151" onclick="showRoman('rl151', 'r151');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl151');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl151');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl151');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r151" style="display:none;">Ano yama ga suki desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b151" onclick="showTranslation('b151', 't151');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b151');" ontouchend="turnOff('b151');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b151');">(show translation)</span><span id="t151" style="display:none;">I like that mountain.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-100');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s152" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_dono-misega-suki-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s152');" ontouchend="turnOff('s152');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s152');"><span class="nw">どの　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">みせが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">すき　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl152" onclick="showRoman('rl152', 'r152');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl152');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl152');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl152');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r152" style="display:none;">Dono mise ga suki desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b152" onclick="showTranslation('b152', 't152');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b152');" ontouchend="turnOff('b152');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b152');">(show translation)</span><span id="t152" style="display:none;">Which store do you like?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">Notice that these words always directly attach to a noun. It
        is always <i>kono hito</i>, <i>sono sensei</i>, <i>ano yama, dono mise</i>. 
        You can never say <i>kono wa inu desu</i>. When you use one of these words, the listener
        expects a noun to follow directly.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">But wait just one minute. What about the <i>Sono sensei</i> example? We said that
the s-words always point to something in the listener&rsquo;s area. How could you actually use <i>sono sensei</i>?
Would the teacher have to be standing right next to the listener? And come to think of it, didn&rsquo;t we learn
<i>sono hito</i> as &ldquo;that person&rdquo;? How could that make sense? Shouldn&rsquo;t it be <i>ano sensei</i> and <i>ano hito</i> instead?
</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Kudos to you if you caught this. There&rsquo;s a special exception to the rule of the s-words pointing to things
in the listener&rsquo;s area when relating stories. 
In cases where you&rsquo;re referring back to someone or something that 
has <i>recently been mentioned,</i> it&rsquo;s okay to use <i>sore</i>, <i>sono</i>, etc. 
So if someone were talking about someone they saw at school, you could 
legitimately say <i><strong>Sono hito</strong> wa sensei deshita ka?</i>, &ldquo;Was <strong>that person</strong> a teacher?&rdquo; 
But if you suddenly saw someone and you wanted to say &ldquo;Look at that person!&rdquo; out of the blue, it would definitely be <i>ano hito</i>. 
</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Make sense? Okay. Let&rsquo;s look at our next four-pack.</p>

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<!-- Page 7 -->

<p class="bodycopy">There are probably dozens or more of these K-S-A-D sets. Here&rsquo;s another useful set:</p>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="50%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="50%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v281_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v281_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v281_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v281_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_koko');"><span class="nw">ここ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">here</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v282_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v282_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v282_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v282_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_soko');"><span class="nw">そこ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">there</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v283_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v283_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v283_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v283_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_asoko');"><span class="nw">あそこ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">over there</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v284_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v284_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v284_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v284_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_doko');"><span class="nw">どこ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">where?</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->

<p class="bodycopy">Again, these words relate to each other the same way the
        other sets we&rsquo;ve learned do. Now we&rsquo;re dealing with location, so <i>koko</i> means the location close to the
        speaker, or &ldquo;here.&rdquo; <i>Soko</i> is the
        location close to the listener, or &ldquo;there,&rdquo; and so on. Here are a few examples
        of usage.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-110');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s153" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_kokoha-AMERIKA-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s153');" ontouchend="turnOff('s153');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s153');"><span class="nw">ここは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">アメリカ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl153" onclick="showRoman('rl153', 'r153');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl153');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl153');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl153');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r153" style="display:none;">Koko wa Amerika desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b153" onclick="showTranslation('b153', 't153');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b153');" ontouchend="turnOff('b153');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b153');">(show translation)</span><span id="t153" style="display:none;">This location (here) is America.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-120');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s154" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_doko-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s154');" ontouchend="turnOff('s154');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s154');"><span class="nw">どこ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl154" onclick="showRoman('rl154', 'r154');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl154');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl154');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl154');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r154" style="display:none;">Doko desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b154" onclick="showTranslation('b154', 't154');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b154');" ontouchend="turnOff('b154');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b154');">(show translation)</span><span id="t154" style="display:none;">Where is it?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-130');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s155" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_RESUTORANha-doko-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s155');" ontouchend="turnOff('s155');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s155');"><span class="nw">レストランは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">どこ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl155" onclick="showRoman('rl155', 'r155');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl155');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl155');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl155');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r155" style="display:none;">Resutoran wa doko desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b155" onclick="showTranslation('b155', 't155');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b155');" ontouchend="turnOff('b155');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b155');">(show translation)</span><span id="t155" style="display:none;">Where is the restaurant?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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    <title>Demonstratives 8</title>

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<!-- Page 8 -->

<p class="bodycopy">Another helpful set is the &ldquo;kind&rdquo; set:</p>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="50%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="50%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v285_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v285_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v285_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v285_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_konna');"><span class="nw">こんな</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">this kind of X</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v286_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v286_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v286_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v286_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_sonna');"><span class="nw">そんな</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">that kind of X</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v287_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v287_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v287_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v287_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_anna');"><span class="nw">あんな</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">that (over there) kind of X</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v288_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v288_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v288_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v288_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_donna');"><span class="nw">どんな</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">which kind of X?</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->

<p class="bodycopy">Each of these words must be attached directly to a noun,
        like the <i>kono</i>/<i>sono</i>/<i>ano</i>/<i>dono</i> set. Here are some examples.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-140');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s156" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_sonna-ringoga-suki-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s156');" ontouchend="turnOff('s156');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s156');"><span class="nw">そんな　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">りんごが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">すき　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl156" onclick="showRoman('rl156', 'r156');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl156');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl156');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl156');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r156" style="display:none;">Sonna ringo ga suki desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b156" onclick="showTranslation('b156', 't156');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b156');" ontouchend="turnOff('b156');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b156');">(show translation)</span><span id="t156" style="display:none;">I like that kind of apple.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-150');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s157" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_marikosanha-donna-hito-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s157');" ontouchend="turnOff('s157');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s157');"><span class="nw">まりこさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">どんな　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ひと　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl157" onclick="showRoman('rl157', 'r157');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl157');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl157');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl157');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r157" style="display:none;">Mariko-san wa donna hito desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b157" onclick="showTranslation('b157', 't157');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b157');" ontouchend="turnOff('b157');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b157');">(show translation)</span><span id="t157" style="display:none;">What kind of person is Mariko?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-160');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s158" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_konna-nichiyoubiga-suki-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s158');" ontouchend="turnOff('s158');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s158');"><span class="nw">こんな　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">にちようびが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">すき　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl158" onclick="showRoman('rl158', 'r158');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl158');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl158');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl158');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r158" style="display:none;">Konna nichiyoubi ga suki desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b158" onclick="showTranslation('b158', 't158');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b158');" ontouchend="turnOff('b158');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b158');">(show translation)</span><span id="t158" style="display:none;">I like this kind of Sunday.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

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<!-- Page 9 -->

<p class="bodycopy">Let&rsquo;s look at one last set this lesson.</p>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="50%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="50%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v289_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v289_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v289_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v289_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_kochira');"><span class="nw">こちら</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">this way</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v290_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v290_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v290_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v290_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_sochira');"><span class="nw">そちら</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">that way</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v291_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v291_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v291_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v291_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_achira');"><span class="nw">あちら</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">that way over there</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v292_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v292_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v292_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v292_col1');" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_dochira');"><span class="nw">どちら</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">which way?</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->

<p class="bodycopy">The following words refer to general directions: &ldquo;This way,&rdquo;
        or &ldquo;this direction.&rdquo; They are often used when inquiring as to directions, or
        showing the way to something.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-170');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s159" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_otearaiha-kochira-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s159');" ontouchend="turnOff('s159');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s159');"><span class="nw">おてあらいは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">こちら　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl159" onclick="showRoman('rl159', 'r159');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl159');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl159');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl159');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r159" style="display:none;">O-tearai wa kochira desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b159" onclick="showTranslation('b159', 't159');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b159');" ontouchend="turnOff('b159');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b159');">(show translation)</span><span id="t159" style="display:none;">The restroom is this way.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-180');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s160" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_dochira-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s160');" ontouchend="turnOff('s160');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s160');"><span class="nw">どちら　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl160" onclick="showRoman('rl160', 'r160');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl160');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl160');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl160');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r160" style="display:none;">Dochira desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b160" onclick="showTranslation('b160', 't160');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b160');" ontouchend="turnOff('b160');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b160');">(show translation)</span><span id="t160" style="display:none;">Which way is it?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-190');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s161" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_RESUTORANha-dochira-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s161');" ontouchend="turnOff('s161');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s161');"><span class="nw">レストランは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">どちら　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl161" onclick="showRoman('rl161', 'r161');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl161');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl161');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl161');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r161" style="display:none;">Resutoran wa dochira desu ka?</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b161" onclick="showTranslation('b161', 't161');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b161');" ontouchend="turnOff('b161');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b161');">(show translation)</span><span id="t161" style="display:none;">Which way is the restaurant?</span></div>
                </div>
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<p class="bodycopy">This set is also useful in social situations, and it can be
        used to politely refer to people. Remember how your mother told you not to
        point? The Japanese culture would stand behind your mother 100%. As a way of
        indicating a person politely, Japanese people refrain from directly pointing
        them out and instead refer to the general direction of the person. You can
        think of this rather like the way English-speakers have traditionally refrained
        from directly indicating judges and kings, but instead used phrases like &ldquo;Your
        Honor,&rdquo; and &ldquo;Your Majesty,&rdquo; which only indirectly refer to the person.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Here&rsquo;s an example of this usage in play in Japanese. Watch
        as Mariko introduces John and Mr. Suzuki. 
(The phrase <i>Yoroshiku onegai shimasu</i> is a longer form of the phrase <i>Douzo yoroshiku</i> that we met earlier.)
</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_mariko@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-200');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s162" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_JONsan,kochiraha-suzukisan-desusuzukisan,kochiraha-JONsan-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s162');" ontouchend="turnOff('s162');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s162');"><span class="nw">ジョンさん、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">こちらは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">すずきさん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">すずきさん、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">こちらは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ジョンさん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl162" onclick="showRoman('rl162', 'r162');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl162');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl162');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl162');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r162" style="display:none;">Jon-san, kochira wa Suzuki-san desu. Suzuki-san, kochira wa Jon-san desu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b162" onclick="showTranslation('b162', 't162');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b162');" ontouchend="turnOff('b162');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b162');">(show translation)</span><span id="t162" style="display:none;">John, this is Mr. Suzuki. Mr. Suzuki, this is John.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_john@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-210');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s163" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_hajimemashite');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s163');" ontouchend="turnOff('s163');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s163');"><span class="nw">はじめまして。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl163" onclick="showRoman('rl163', 'r163');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl163');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl163');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl163');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r163" style="display:none;">Hajimemashite.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b163" onclick="showTranslation('b163', 't163');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b163');" ontouchend="turnOff('b163');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b163');">(show translation)</span><span id="t163" style="display:none;">Nice to meet you.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_suzuki@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-demonstratives-220');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s164" onclick="playSound('Demonstratives_yoroshiku-onegai-shimasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s164');" ontouchend="turnOff('s164');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s164');"><span class="nw">よろしく　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">おねがい　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">します。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    <div class="example_roman"><span class="example_roman_show" id="rl164" onclick="showRoman('rl164', 'r164');" ontouchstart="turnOn('rl164');" ontouchend="turnOff('rl164');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('rl164');">(show romanization)</span><span id="r164" style="display:none;">Yoroshiku onegai shimasu.</span></div>
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b164" onclick="showTranslation('b164', 't164');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b164');" ontouchend="turnOff('b164');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b164');">(show translation)</span><span id="t164" style="display:none;">The pleasure is all mine.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

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        <div class="subheading_level_1">Summary</div>


<p class="bodycopy">In this lesson, we learned about demonstratives, or words
        that allow you to indicate things without naming them. In Japanese, these words
        always come in four-packs that work according to the same pattern. We saw that the 
        k-words refer to something close by the speaker, s-words to something near the listener,
        a-words to something far away from both, and d-words to the interrogative word from the set.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">We also noted that, although the s-words usually refer only to people and things
      close to the listener, there is an exception when referring to someone or something that has recently
      been mentioned. So in the middle of a story, it&rsquo;s okay to say <i>sono hito</i> to refer back to someone
      who was introduced earlier. In contrast, when pointing out a person across the room, out of the blue,
      you would definitely use <i>ano hito</i> as we would normally expect.
</p>
      
<p class="bodycopy">Because each
        four-pack contains an interrogative, we also learned several
        question-asking words, such as <i>dore</i> (&ldquo;which&rdquo;), <i>doko</i> (&ldquo;where&rdquo;) and
        <i>dochira</i> (&ldquo;which way&rdquo;).

We&rsquo;ll be studying how to use interrogatives in more
        detail in a later lesson, but we are already able to create questions with them
        by using the structure <i>&lt;interrogative&gt;
        desu ka?</i> or <i>A wa
        &lt;interrogative&gt; desu ka?</i></p>

<p class="bodycopy">We&rsquo;ll be seeing lots of demonstratives as we continue. But first, 
make sure you&rsquo;ve got them down pat with my friendly quizzes below.
</p>

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<p class="bodycopy">In our next lesson, we&rsquo;ll visit a school and learn some new vocabulary.</p>
    
          
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