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        <div class="chapter_number">Chapter 33</div>
        <div class="chapter_name">But...</div>
        <div class="blurb">One of the tools that lets you really start speaking like an
    adult is the contradiction marker &ldquo;but,&rdquo; because it allows you to splice two
    otherwise short, independent thoughts together into a related, logical unit.</div>
        <div><img src="divider@2x.png" class="divider" /></div>

<p class="bodycopy">Let&rsquo;s dive right in with the vocabulary.</p>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="50%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="50%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v535_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v535_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v535_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v535_col1');" onclick="playSound('But_demo');"><span class="nw">でも</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">But...</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v536_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v536_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v536_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v536_col1');" onclick="playSound('But_shikashi');"><span class="nw">しかし</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">However...</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v537_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v537_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v537_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v537_col1');" onclick="playSound('But_ga');"><span class="nw">が</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">...but</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v538_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v538_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v538_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v538_col1');" onclick="playSound('But_keredomo');"><span class="nw">けれども</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">...but</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v539_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v539_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v539_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v539_col1');" onclick="playSound('But_keredo');"><span class="nw">けれど</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">...but</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v540_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v540_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v540_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v540_col1');" onclick="playSound('But_kedo');"><span class="nw">けど</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">...but</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->

        <div class="subheading_level_2">Notes</div>


<p class="bodycopy">First of all, we have two words that are not conjunctions, <i>demo</i> and <i>shikashi</i>.
        These words go at the beginning of a sentence to mean
        &ldquo;However,&rdquo; or &ldquo;But.&rdquo;</p>


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    <title>But... 2</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">Here are a few examples of this use.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-but-10');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s550" onclick="playSound('But_demo,sushiga-suki-dehaarimasen');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s550');" ontouchend="turnOff('s550');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s550');"><span class="nw">でも、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">すしが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">すき　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ではありません。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b550" onclick="showTranslation('b550', 't550');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b550');" ontouchend="turnOff('b550');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b550');">(show translation)</span><span id="t550" style="display:none;">But I don&rsquo;t like sushi.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-but-20');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s551" onclick="playSound('But_shikashi,senseiha-imasen');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s551');" ontouchend="turnOff('s551');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s551');"><span class="nw">しかし、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">せんせいは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いません。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b551" onclick="showTranslation('b551', 't551');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b551');" ontouchend="turnOff('b551');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b551');">(show translation)</span><span id="t551" style="display:none;">However, the teacher isn&rsquo;t here.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-but-30');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s552" onclick="playSound('But_demo,ekini-ikimasen-deshita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s552');" ontouchend="turnOff('s552');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s552');"><span class="nw">でも、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">えきに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いきません　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">でした。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b552" onclick="showTranslation('b552', 't552');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b552');" ontouchend="turnOff('b552');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b552');">(show translation)</span><span id="t552" style="display:none;">But I didn&rsquo;t go to the station.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">The usage is simple enough.
        Just place the word in the very beginning of the sentence, usually with
        a pause afterward. As to nuance, <i>demo</i> sounds slightly more conversational,
        whereas <i>shikashi</i> sounds a little
        heavier, more like the word &ldquo;however.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">These words are great, but what about when we want a
        &ldquo;but&rdquo; right in the middle of the sentence, like I did in this
        one? That&rsquo;s where <i>ga</i> and <i>keredomo</i> come
        in.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">First, a note on <i>keredomo</i>. You probably agree that this word is a bit
        long for a simple &ldquo;but.&rdquo; The Japanese
        think so too. That&rsquo;s why it has a couple
        of shorter versions. <i>Kedo</i> is very informal and
        conversational.</p>


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    <title>But... 3</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">How do we use these? 
        It&rsquo;s very simple. Just create a full sentence and put either <i>ga</i> or a form of <i>keredomo</i> onto the end, after the verb.
                Then add a comma and another complete
        sentence. That&rsquo;s it. Let&rsquo;s look at a few examples to help make this clear.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-but-40');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s553" onclick="playSound('But_gakkouni-ikimashita-ga,-senseiha-imasen-deshita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s553');" ontouchend="turnOff('s553');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s553');"><span class="nw">がっこうに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いきました　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">が、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">せんせいは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いません　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">でした。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b553" onclick="showTranslation('b553', 't553');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b553');" ontouchend="turnOff('b553');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b553');">(show translation)</span><span id="t553" style="display:none;">I went to school, but the teacher wasn&rsquo;t there.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">Notice that each section is a complete sentence, including a
        final conjugated verb. The <i>ga</i> simply
        joins them and indicates that the second sentence is contrary to what the
        speaker expected.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">One thing you might find strange is that the comma comes
        after the <i>ga</i> in Japanese, whereas we
        put the comma before the &ldquo;but&rdquo; in English. To help remember this, think of the 
        <i>ga</i> or <i>keredomo</i> as a particle belonging to the first phrase.</p>


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    <title>But... 4</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">Let&rsquo;s try another example.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-but-50');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s554" onclick="playSound('But_JONsanha-daigakuni-ikimashita-kedo,-benkyou-shimasen-deshita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s554');" ontouchend="turnOff('s554');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s554');"><span class="nw">ジョンさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">だいがくに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いきました　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">けど、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">べんきょう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">しません　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">でした。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b554" onclick="showTranslation('b554', 't554');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b554');" ontouchend="turnOff('b554');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b554');">(show translation)</span><span id="t554" style="display:none;">John went to college, but he didn&rsquo;t study.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">There&rsquo;s nothing too complex here. We&rsquo;re just splicing together two fully-formed sentences,
        with <i>kedo</i> as the glue. One more just for fun.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-but-60');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s555" onclick="playSound('But_rekishiga-suki-dehaarimasen-keredomo,-chiriga-daisuki-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s555');" ontouchend="turnOff('s555');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s555');"><span class="nw">れきしが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">すき　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ではありません　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">けれども、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ちりが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">だいすき　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b555" onclick="showTranslation('b555', 't555');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b555');" ontouchend="turnOff('b555');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b555');">(show translation)</span><span id="t555" style="display:none;">I don&rsquo;t like history, but I love geography.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">Again, we can easily understand this by breaking it into two
        separate sentences. Doing so gives us, &ldquo;I don&rsquo;t like history. 
        I love geography.&rdquo; Adding in the &ldquo;but,&rdquo; we get &ldquo;I
        don&rsquo;t like history, <u>but</u> I love geography.&rdquo;</p>


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    <title>But... 5</title>

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        <div class="subheading_level_1">Summary</div>


<p class="bodycopy">In this chapter, we learned about the Japanese words for &ldquo;but.&rdquo; 
        We saw that there are two ways of using these words in Japanese. <i>Shikashi</i>
        and <i>demo</i> start a sentence and feel like the English sentence-starter 
        &ldquo;however.&rdquo; So, for example, <i>Shikashi, kanojo ga imasen</i> means, &ldquo;However, I don&rsquo;t have a girlfriend.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">In contrast, the conjunctions <i>ga</i> and <i>keredomo</i> (in its various forms) 
        attach to the end of a fully-formed phrase, complete with final verb,
        to be immediately followed by another of the same.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">So, for example, we can create sentences like <i>Sono hon wo yomimashita <strong>ga</strong> suki dewa arimasen deshita</i>, &ldquo;I read that book, <strong>but</strong> I didn&rsquo;t like it.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Easy stuff, right? Prove it to yourself with my friendly review below.</p>

        <div class="button_container"><div class="button" onclick="handleButtonPress('grammar_but');"><img src="button_chapter_review@2x.png" /></div></div>


<p class="bodycopy">In our next lesson, we&rsquo;ll be diving into adjectives.</p>

    
          
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