320     8697    9017    4215    13232   9226    22458   5678    28136   9487    37623   6712    44335   7483    51818   5112    56930   5463    62393   10036   72429   5286    77715   4850    82565   9997    92562   4895    97457   8559    106016  5054    111070  5117    116187  10753   126940  2549    129489  3043    <!DOCTYPE html>
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    <title>Body and Health 1</title>

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        <div class="chapter_number">Chapter 36</div>
        <div class="chapter_name">Body and Health</div>
        <div class="blurb">Let&rsquo;s face it, getting sick is no fun, especially when
        you&rsquo;re in a foreign country and aren&rsquo;t able to understand what&rsquo;s going on
        around you. In this lesson, we&rsquo;ll learn how to describe ourselves physically, and
        then we&rsquo;ll look into how to talk about being in good and bad health.</div>
        <div><img src="divider@2x.png" class="divider" /></div>

<p class="bodycopy">First, let&rsquo;s look at some of the main body part words.</p>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="50%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="50%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v599_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v599_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v599_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v599_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_atama');"><span class="nw">あたま</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">head</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v600_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v600_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v600_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v600_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_hitai');"><span class="nw">ひたい</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">forehead</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v601_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v601_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v601_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v601_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_kao');"><span class="nw">かお</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">face</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v602_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v602_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v602_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v602_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_me');"><span class="nw">め</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">eye</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v603_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v603_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v603_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v603_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_hana');"><span class="nw">はな</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">nose</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v604_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v604_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v604_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v604_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_kuchi');"><span class="nw">くち</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">mouth</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v605_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v605_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v605_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v605_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_ha');"><span class="nw">は</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">tooth</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v606_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v606_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v606_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v606_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_shita');"><span class="nw">した</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">tongue</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v607_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v607_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v607_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v607_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_mimi');"><span class="nw">みみ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">ear</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v608_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v608_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v608_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v608_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_hoho');"><span class="nw">ほほ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">cheek</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->


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    <title>Body and Health 2</title>

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        <div class="subheading_level_2">Notes</div>


<p class="bodycopy">One phrase you&rsquo;ll use a lot is <i>atama ga ii / warui</i>. Literally,
        this means &ldquo;(one&rsquo;s) head is good / bad.&rdquo; Put in normal English, this means that
        someone is smart or, well, dull. For
        example, impressed with Mariko&rsquo;s wit, John might say, <i>Atama ga ii desu ne!</i>
        &ldquo;You&rsquo;re clever, aren&rsquo;t you?&rdquo; 
        Conversely, you could say, <i>Suzuki-san
        wa atama ga warui desu</i> to mean, &ldquo;Mr. Suzuki isn&rsquo;t the brightest bulb
        in the pack.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy"><i>Hana</i> is the word
        for nose. In Japanese, we don&rsquo;t say that
        people have &ldquo;big&rdquo; noses; we say they have &ldquo;tall&rdquo;
        noses. The expression is <i>Hana ga takai</i>. Since <i>takai</i>
        means &ldquo;tall / high up,&rdquo; you might be inclined to imagine a nose
        coming out of the forehead, but it makes sense if you think of the head facing
        up, with the nose as a mountain that can be either tall or short. As you might
        expect, a small nose is described as being &ldquo;low,&rdquo; <i>hana ga hikui</i>. 
        Try this sentence on for size:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-10');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s626" onclick="playSound('Body_AMERIKAjinha-hanaga-takai-kedo,-nihonjinha-hanaga-hikui');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s626');" ontouchend="turnOff('s626');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s626');"><span class="nw">アメリカじんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">はなが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">たかい　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">けど、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">にほんじんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">はなが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ひくい。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b626" onclick="showTranslation('b626', 't626');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b626');" ontouchend="turnOff('b626');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b626');">(show translation)</span><span id="t626" style="display:none;">American people have big noses, but Japanese people have small ones.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">Notice that we&rsquo;re exercising our freedom to treat adjectives
        as sentence-enders. To make this sentence more polite, we could add <i>desu</i> after one or both of the
        adjectives. For the rest of this lesson, I&rsquo;ll be ending some sentences directly
        with a conjugating adjective, to help you get used to this.</p>


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    <title>Body and Health 3</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">Notice also that in each of the examples above, the phrase
        that did the actual description of the body part used <i>ga</i> in the pattern &lt;body part&gt; <i>ga</i> &lt;adjective&gt;. Don&rsquo;t analyze this too hard. This is a
        standard pattern, and certain phrases just fall into it. The same thing happens
        in the <i>X ga suki desu</i> phrase.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Moving right along, let&rsquo;s look below the neck.</p>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="50%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="50%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v609_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v609_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v609_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v609_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_kubi');"><span class="nw">くび</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">neck</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v610_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v610_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v610_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v610_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_kata');"><span class="nw">かた</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">shoulder</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v611_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v611_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v611_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v611_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_mune');"><span class="nw">むね</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">chest</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v612_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v612_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v612_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v612_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_ude');"><span class="nw">うで</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">arm</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v613_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v613_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v613_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v613_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_hiji');"><span class="nw">ひじ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">elbow</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v614_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v614_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v614_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v614_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_te');"><span class="nw">て</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">hand</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v615_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v615_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v615_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v615_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_tekubi');"><span class="nw">てくび</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">wrist</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v616_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v616_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v616_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v616_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_yubi');"><span class="nw">ゆび</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">finger</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v617_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v617_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v617_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v617_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_tsume');"><span class="nw">つめ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">(finger) nail</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v618_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v618_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v618_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v618_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_futoi');"><span class="nw">ふとい</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">fat</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v619_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v619_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v619_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v619_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_hosoi');"><span class="nw">ほそい</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">slender</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->


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    <title>Body and Health 4</title>

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        <div class="subheading_level_2">Notes</div>


<p class="bodycopy">Notice that the word for &ldquo;wrist&rdquo; literally means
        &ldquo;hand neck.&rdquo; Very logical,
        isn&rsquo;t it?</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-20');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s627" onclick="playSound('Body_marikosanha-udega-nagai-desune');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s627');" ontouchend="turnOff('s627');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s627');"><span class="nw">まりこさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">うでが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ながい　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですね。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b627" onclick="showTranslation('b627', 't627');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b627');" ontouchend="turnOff('b627');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b627');">(show translation)</span><span id="t627" style="display:none;">Mariko has long arms, doesn&rsquo;t she?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-30');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s628" onclick="playSound('Body_JONsanha-kubiga-futoi');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s628');" ontouchend="turnOff('s628');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s628');"><span class="nw">ジョンさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">くびが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ふとい。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b628" onclick="showTranslation('b628', 't628');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b628');" ontouchend="turnOff('b628');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b628');">(show translation)</span><span id="t628" style="display:none;">John has a fat neck.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-40');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s629" onclick="playSound('Body_watashiha-yubiga-hosoi-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s629');" ontouchend="turnOff('s629');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s629');"><span class="nw">わたしは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ゆびが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ほそい　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b629" onclick="showTranslation('b629', 't629');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b629');" ontouchend="turnOff('b629');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b629');">(show translation)</span><span id="t629" style="display:none;">I have slender fingers.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">You&rsquo;ll notice that we aren&rsquo;t saying &ldquo;<u>my</u> fingers&rdquo;
        or &ldquo;<u>John&rsquo;s</u> arms&rdquo; using a possessive <i>no</i> construction. For
        example, in the first sentence above, we grammatically could say <b><i>Mariko-san
        no ude</i></b><i> ga nagai desu ne</i>. That would be valid grammar. But we&rsquo;re more likely to hear this kind of
        sentence using the form I use above.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">You can understand the structure by translating it, &ldquo;As for
        Mariko, the arms are long.&rdquo; This is the standard Japanese pattern for
        describing body features.</p>


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<!-- Page 5 -->

<p class="bodycopy">We&rsquo;re ready for another vocab list. Onward ho!</p>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="50%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="50%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v620_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v620_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v620_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v620_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_uesuto');"><span class="nw">ウエスト</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">waist</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v621_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v621_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v621_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v621_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_ashi');"><span class="nw">あし</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">leg / foot</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v622_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v622_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v622_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v622_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_hiza');"><span class="nw">ひざ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">knee</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v623_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v623_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v623_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v623_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_ashikubi');"><span class="nw">あしくび</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">ankle</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v624_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v624_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v624_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v624_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_ashiyubi');"><span class="nw">あしの　</span> <span class="nw">ゆび</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">toe</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v625_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v625_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v625_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v625_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_ke');"><span class="nw">け</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">hair</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v626_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v626_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v626_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v626_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_kamino-ke');"><span class="nw">かみの　</span> <span class="nw">け</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">head-hair</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v627_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v627_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v627_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v627_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_senaka');"><span class="nw">せなか</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">back</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v628_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v628_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v628_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v628_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_se');"><span class="nw">せ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">stature</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v629_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v629_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v629_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v629_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_itai');"><span class="nw">いたい</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">painful</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v630_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v630_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v630_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v630_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_suteki');"><span class="nw">すてき</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">charming</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->

        <div class="subheading_level_2">Notes</div>


<p class="bodycopy"><i>Ashi</i> is rather
        strange, in that it can mean either &ldquo;legs&rdquo; or &ldquo;feet.&rdquo;  If you think of the leg/foot as a single
        large unit, it might be easier to understand why this is so.</p>

<p class="bodycopy"><i>Ashikubi</i> is very
        logical.  Your &ldquo;foot neck&rdquo; is
        obviously your ankle.  This corresponds
        to your <i>tekubi</i>, your wrist. </p>


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    <title>Body and Health 6</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">I have always enjoyed the word for toes. <i>Ashi no yubi</i>
        means literally &ldquo;foot fingers.&rdquo; (Some people just say <i>ashi yubi</i> too.)
        The image has stuck in my mind from the moment I learned this. Hopefully it will for you too.</p>

<p class="bodycopy"><i>Ke</i> is a general
        word for &ldquo;hair,&rdquo; and it can refer to hair on any part of the
        body. For example, <i>ashi no ke</i> would be &ldquo;leg hair.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">However, to refer specifically to the hair of one&rsquo;s head,
        use the phrase <i>kami no ke</i>. Since <i>kami</i>
        by itself means &ldquo;head-hair,&rdquo; <i>kami
        no ke</i> is a bit redundant (&ldquo;head-hair hair&rdquo;), but it is the
        standard expression.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-50');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s630" onclick="playSound('Body_marikosanha-kaminokega-nagai');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s630');" ontouchend="turnOff('s630');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s630');"><span class="nw">まりこさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">かみのけが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ながい。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b630" onclick="showTranslation('b630', 't630');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b630');" ontouchend="turnOff('b630');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b630');">(show translation)</span><span id="t630" style="display:none;">Mariko has long hair.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-60');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s631" onclick="playSound('Body_JONsanha-kaminokega-mijikai');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s631');" ontouchend="turnOff('s631');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s631');"><span class="nw">ジョンさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">かみのけが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">みじかい。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b631" onclick="showTranslation('b631', 't631');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b631');" ontouchend="turnOff('b631');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b631');">(show translation)</span><span id="t631" style="display:none;">John has short hair.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-70');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s632" onclick="playSound('Body_suzukisanha-kaminokega-kuroi');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s632');" ontouchend="turnOff('s632');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s632');"><span class="nw">すずきさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">かみのけが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">くろい。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b632" onclick="showTranslation('b632', 't632');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b632');" ontouchend="turnOff('b632');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b632');">(show translation)</span><span id="t632" style="display:none;">Miss Suzuki has black hair.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-80');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s633" onclick="playSound('Body_watashiha-kaminokega-chairo-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s633');" ontouchend="turnOff('s633');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s633');"><span class="nw">わたしは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">かみのけが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ちゃいろ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b633" onclick="showTranslation('b633', 't633');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b633');" ontouchend="turnOff('b633');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b633');">(show translation)</span><span id="t633" style="display:none;">I have brown hair.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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    <title>Body and Health 7</title>

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<!-- Page 7 -->

<p class="bodycopy"><i>Senaka</i> means
        specifically one&rsquo;s back, but <i>se</i> by
        itself refers to one&rsquo;s height or stature. 
        Therefore, to say that someone is tall or short, we say that their <i>se</i> is either high or low. <i>Se ga
        takai</i> means &ldquo;is tall&rdquo; and <i>se
        ga hikui</i> means &ldquo;is short.&rdquo; 
        Here are two examples of these phrases in action:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-90');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s634" onclick="playSound('Body_marikosanha-sega-takai-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s634');" ontouchend="turnOff('s634');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s634');"><span class="nw">まりこさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">せが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">たかい　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b634" onclick="showTranslation('b634', 't634');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b634');" ontouchend="turnOff('b634');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b634');">(show translation)</span><span id="t634" style="display:none;">Mariko is tall.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-100');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s635" onclick="playSound('Body_JONsanha-sega-hikui');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s635');" ontouchend="turnOff('s635');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s635');"><span class="nw">ジョンさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">せが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ひくい。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b635" onclick="showTranslation('b635', 't635');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b635');" ontouchend="turnOff('b635');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b635');">(show translation)</span><span id="t635" style="display:none;">John is short.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">The word <i>itai</i> is
        helpful in describing pain in various parts of your body. To say that &ldquo;X hurts,&rdquo; say 
        <i>X ga itai</i>. For example, &ldquo;My head hurts&rdquo;
        becomes <i>Atama ga itai</i>. &ldquo;My arm hurts&rdquo; becomes <i>Ude ga itai</i>.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">It&rsquo;s important to notice a difference between pain in
        English and Japanese. In English, we use a verb, &ldquo;to hurt.&rdquo; If your arm hurts,
        it is doing the action of hurting. But in Japanese, <i>itai</i> is an adjective. 
        We could preserve the mechanics of what is
        happening by translating it &ldquo;painful.&rdquo;</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-110');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s636" onclick="playSound('Body_ashiga-itai');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s636');" ontouchend="turnOff('s636');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s636');"><span class="nw">あしが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いたい。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b636" onclick="showTranslation('b636', 't636');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b636');" ontouchend="turnOff('b636');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b636');">(show translation)</span><span id="t636" style="display:none;">My feet hurt.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-120');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s637" onclick="playSound('Body_kinou-made-kubiga-itakatta');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s637');" ontouchend="turnOff('s637');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s637');"><span class="nw">きのう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">まで　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">くびが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いたかった。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b637" onclick="showTranslation('b637', 't637');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b637');" ontouchend="turnOff('b637');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b637');">(show translation)</span><span id="t637" style="display:none;">Up until yesterday, my neck hurt.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



<p class="bodycopy">And finally, notice the <i>na</i>
        adjective <i>suteki</i>. This word means
        something like &ldquo;charming,&rdquo; except that it is used more frequently than that
        word in English. The word has a certain sparkle to it, perhaps close to the
        word &ldquo;spectacular,&rdquo; except that it is not used to describe situations as that
        word is in English. It can be used to refer to both men and women, or to
        objects.</p>


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<!-- Page 9 -->

        <div class="subheading_level_1"><i>De</i> as the <i>-te</i> form of <i>desu</i></div>


<p class="bodycopy">Recall a few lessons back that we learned how to join
        sentences together by using the <i>-te</i>
        form of a verb and then attaching another completely formed sentence. It turns
        out that we can do the same thing for a sentence that ends in the copula, by
        using the <i>-te</i> form of <i>desu</i>, <i>de</i>.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">For example, say we want to join these two sentences:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-130');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s638" onclick="playSound('Body_JONsanha-AMERIKAjin-desu-mega-midori-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s638');" ontouchend="turnOff('s638');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s638');"><span class="nw">ジョンさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">アメリカじん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">めが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">みどりいろ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b638" onclick="showTranslation('b638', 't638');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b638');" ontouchend="turnOff('b638');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b638');">(show translation)</span><span id="t638" style="display:none;">John is American. His eyes are green.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">We can change that first <i>desu</i> to <i>de</i> and attach the second
        sentence after a comma:</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-140');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s639" onclick="playSound('Body_JONsanha-AMERIKAjin-de,-mega-midori-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s639');" ontouchend="turnOff('s639');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s639');"><span class="nw">ジョンさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">アメリカじん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">で、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">めが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">みどりいろ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b639" onclick="showTranslation('b639', 't639');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b639');" ontouchend="turnOff('b639');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b639');">(show translation)</span><span id="t639" style="display:none;">John is American, and his eyes are green.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">Of course, don&rsquo;t just go around randomly joining sentences.
        Typically, there is some relationship (often something like a cause-effect
        relationship) between the two parts. In this case, it makes sense because green
        eyes are not common among Japanese. &ldquo;John is American, and his eyes are green,&rdquo;
        flows as a natural unit. We&rsquo;ll be seeing another instance of this in the
        following dialogue.</p>


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    <title>Body and Health 9</title>

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<!-- Page 10 -->

        <div class="subheading_level_1">Dialog</div>


<p class="bodycopy">Now we have enough vocabulary that we can describe the
        physical characteristics of someone to another person who has never seen him.
        Let&rsquo;s watch as Mariko describes Mark.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_yuko@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-150');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s640" onclick="playSound('Body_MARUKUsanha-donna-hito-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s640');" ontouchend="turnOff('s640');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s640');"><span class="nw">マルクさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">どんな　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ひと　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b640" onclick="showTranslation('b640', 't640');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b640');" ontouchend="turnOff('b640');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b640');">(show translation)</span><span id="t640" style="display:none;">What kind of person is Mark?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_mariko@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-160');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s641" onclick="playSound('Body_MARUKUsanha-KANADAjin-desu-sega-takai-desu-mega-midori-de');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s641');" ontouchend="turnOff('s641');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s641');"><span class="nw">マルクさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">カナダじん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">せが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">たかい　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">めが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">みどりいろ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">で、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">かみのけが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ちゃいろ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">みみが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ちいさい　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですが、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">めが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">おおきい。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">すてきな　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ひと　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です！</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b641" onclick="showTranslation('b641', 't641');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b641');" ontouchend="turnOff('b641');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b641');">(show translation)</span><span id="t641" style="display:none;">Mark is a Canadian. He&rsquo;s tall. He has green eyes and brown hair. His ears are small but his eyes are big. He&rsquo;s a charming person!</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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<!-- Page 11 -->

        <div class="subheading_level_1">Health</div>


        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="33%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header" width="33%">-Te Form</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="34%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v631_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v631_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v631_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v631_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_genki');"><span class="nw">げんき</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">healthy / health</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v632_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v632_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v632_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v632_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_byouki');"><span class="nw">びょうき</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">sick / sickness</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v633_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v633_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v633_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v633_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_guai');"><span class="nw">ぐあい</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">condition</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v634_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v634_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v634_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v634_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_dou');"><span class="nw">どう</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">how?</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v635_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v635_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v635_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v635_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_kaze');"><span class="nw">かぜ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">a cold</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v636_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v636_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v636_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v636_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_hikimasu');"><span class="nw">ひきます</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v636_col2" ontouchstart="turnOn('v636_col2');" ontouchend="turnOff('v636_col2');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v636_col2');" onclick="playSound('Body_hiite');"><span class="nw">ひいて</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">to pull / to catch (a cold)</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v637_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v637_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v637_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v637_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_infuruenza');"><span class="nw">インフルエンザ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">the flu</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v638_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v638_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v638_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v638_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_chotto');"><span class="nw">ちょっと</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">a little</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v639_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v639_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v639_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v639_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_totemo');"><span class="nw">とても</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">very</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->

        <div class="subheading_level_2">Notes</div>


<p class="bodycopy">We&rsquo;ve already seen <i>genki</i>
        in previous lessons. This word usually
        means more than just &ldquo;health&rdquo; as a meter that can be either good or
        bad. It almost always means &ldquo;good
        health.&rdquo; So if you say, <i>Genki desu</i>, you&rsquo;re saying, &ldquo;I&rsquo;m in
        good health.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy"><i>Byouki</i>, on the other
        hand, is &ldquo;sick.&rdquo; It&rsquo;s not just
        feeling a little nauseous. It&rsquo;s big time,
        full-out sick. If you say <i>Byouki desu</i>, your Japanese friends will
        start talking about taking you to the doctor.</p>


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    <title>Body and Health 11</title>

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<p class="bodycopy">If what you really mean is that the broiled eel you had for
        lunch isn&rsquo;t really agreeing with you, it&rsquo;s better to say, &ldquo;I&rsquo;m not feeling
        so well,&rdquo; or <i>Guai ga warui</i>. Literally, this means, &ldquo;The status is
        bad.&rdquo; You can tag on a <i>wa</i> phrase in the front if you want to
        specify your unfortunate subject. For
        example, <i>Watashi wa guai ga warui desu</i>
        means &ldquo;I don&rsquo;t feel well,&rdquo; and <i>Mariko-san
        wa guai ga warui desu</i> would mean &ldquo;Mariko isn&rsquo;t feeling
        well.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">To avoid unduly stressing your friends, you can soften the
        impact of your statement by using <i>chotto</i>,
        &ldquo;a little.&rdquo; Saying <i>Guai ga chotto warui desu</i> means
        &ldquo;I&rsquo;m feeling a little sick,&rdquo; and sounds much softer than without. The
        opposite would be to use <i>totemo warui</i>,
        &ldquo;very bad.&rdquo; <i>Totemo</i> works just like
        the word &ldquo;very&rdquo; in English&mdash;insert it directly before the word you intend to
        intensify.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-170');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s642" onclick="playSound('Body_guaiga-chotto-warui-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s642');" ontouchend="turnOff('s642');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s642');"><span class="nw">ぐあいが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ちょっと　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">わるい　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b642" onclick="showTranslation('b642', 't642');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b642');" ontouchend="turnOff('b642');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b642');">(show translation)</span><span id="t642" style="display:none;">I&rsquo;m not feeling so well.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">You can also ask how people are feeling by using the
        interrogative <i>dou</i>. <i>Dou</i>
        belongs to the same pack as <i>sou</i>,
        which we know means &ldquo;that way&rdquo; or &ldquo;like that.&rdquo; <i>Dou</i>
        therefore means &ldquo;which way&rdquo; = &ldquo;how?&rdquo; To say &ldquo;How are you feeling?&rdquo; use
        the construction <i>Guai wa dou desu ka</i>? The reason we use <i>wa</i> in the question is that you want the emphasis to be thrown ahead
        to the word <i>dou</i>.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-180');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s643" onclick="playSound('Body_marikosan,guaiha-dou-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s643');" ontouchend="turnOff('s643');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s643');"><span class="nw">まりこさん、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ぐあいは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">どう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b643" onclick="showTranslation('b643', 't643');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b643');" ontouchend="turnOff('b643');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b643');">(show translation)</span><span id="t643" style="display:none;">Mariko, how are you feeling?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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    <title>Body and Health 12</title>

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<!-- Page 13 -->

<p class="bodycopy">After the incubation period has gone by and you break out in
        a full blown cold, you can use the word <i>kaze</i>. To say that you have &ldquo;caught a
        cold,&rdquo; you must use a special verb, <i>hikimasu</i>. Since <i>hikimasu</i>
        literally means &ldquo;to pull,&rdquo; you might imagine that when you catch a
        cold, you have plucked it out of the air. 
        &ldquo;John caught a cold&rdquo; would translate to <i>Jon-san wa kaze wo hikimashita</i>.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-190');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s644" onclick="playSound('Body_senshuu-suzukisanha-kazewo-hikimashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s644');" ontouchend="turnOff('s644');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s644');"><span class="nw">せんしゅう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">すずきさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">かぜを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ひきました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b644" onclick="showTranslation('b644', 't644');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b644');" ontouchend="turnOff('b644');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b644');">(show translation)</span><span id="t644" style="display:none;">Mr. Suzuki caught a cold last week.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">If you
        weren&rsquo;t so lucky and that cold turned out to be the flu, you now have the <i>infuruenza</i>. 
        To say someone &ldquo;has&rdquo; the flu, just
        use <i>desu</i>. So if our hapless Mr. Suzuki has the flu, we
        might remark, <i>Suzuki-san wa infuruenza
        desu</i>. That looks a lot like &ldquo;Mr. Suzuki <b>is</b> the flu,&rdquo; but this is another example 
        where taking <i>wa</i> as a simple subject marker would lead
        you astray. The mechanics of this sentence are more like, &ldquo;As for Mr. Suzuki,
        it&rsquo;s the flu (that he has).&rdquo;</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-200');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s645" onclick="playSound('Body_suzukisanha-getsuyoubi-kara-INFURUENZA-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s645');" ontouchend="turnOff('s645');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s645');"><span class="nw">すずきさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">げつようび　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">から　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">インフルエンザ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b645" onclick="showTranslation('b645', 't645');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b645');" ontouchend="turnOff('b645');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b645');">(show translation)</span><span id="t645" style="display:none;">Mr. Suzuki has had the flu since (from) Monday.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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    <title>Body and Health 13</title>

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<!-- Page 14 -->

<p class="bodycopy">Now let&rsquo;s look at a few symptoms that are liable to crop up
        when you have the flu.</p>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="33%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header" width="33%">-Te Form</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="34%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v640_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v640_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v640_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v640_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_netsu');"><span class="nw">ねつ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">fever</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v641_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v641_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v641_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v641_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_agarimasu');"><span class="nw">あがります</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v641_col2" ontouchstart="turnOn('v641_col2');" ontouchend="turnOff('v641_col2');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v641_col2');" onclick="playSound('Body_agatte');"><span class="nw">あがって</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">to go up / to rise</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v642_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v642_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v642_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v642_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_sagarimasu');"><span class="nw">さがります</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v642_col2" ontouchstart="turnOn('v642_col2');" ontouchend="turnOff('v642_col2');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v642_col2');" onclick="playSound('Body_sagatte');"><span class="nw">さがって</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">to go down / to descend</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v643_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v643_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v643_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v643_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_seki');"><span class="nw">せき</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">cough</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v644_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v644_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v644_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v644_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_geri');"><span class="nw">げり</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">diarrhea</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v645_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v645_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v645_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v645_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_hanamizu');"><span class="nw">はなみず</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">runny nose / snot</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v646_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v646_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v646_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v646_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_demasu');"><span class="nw">でます</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v646_col2" ontouchstart="turnOn('v646_col2');" ontouchend="turnOff('v646_col2');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v646_col2');" onclick="playSound('Body_dete');"><span class="nw">でて</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">to go out / to come out</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v647_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v647_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v647_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v647_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_kamimasu');"><span class="nw">かみます</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v647_col2" ontouchstart="turnOn('v647_col2');" ontouchend="turnOff('v647_col2');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v647_col2');" onclick="playSound('Body_kande');"><span class="nw">かんで</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">to blow (one&rsquo;s nose)</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->

        <div class="subheading_level_2">Notes</div>


<p class="bodycopy"><i>Netsu</i> can mean
        simply &ldquo;heat,&rdquo; so it&rsquo;s a fitting word to express &ldquo;a
        fever.&rdquo;  To say that someone
        &ldquo;has a fever,&rdquo; use the construction <i>netsu ga arimasu</i>. For example, to say, &ldquo;Mariko has a
        fever,&rdquo; you would say, <i>Mariko-san wa
        netsu ga arimasu</i>.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">You can also use the verbs <i>agarimasu</i> and <i>sagarimasu</i>
        to describe a fever going up or coming down. 
        <i>Netsu ga agarimashita ne</i> would
        feel like, &ldquo;Wow, your fever has gone up.&rdquo;  Conversely, <i>Netsu ga sagarimashita</i> means, &ldquo;The fever has gone down.&rdquo;</p>


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    <title>Body and Health 14</title>

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<!-- Page 15 -->

<p class="bodycopy">Two conditions that are no fun at all are <i>seki</i> and <i>geri</i>, 
        coughs and diarrhea. To say that you simply &ldquo;have&rdquo;
        either of these conditions, you can use <i>arimasu</i>,
        exactly as with <i>netsu</i>. With <i>seki</i>, you can also use 
        the verb <i>demasu</i> to say that coughs &ldquo;come out.&rdquo;</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-210');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s646" onclick="playSound('Body_kinyoubi-kara-sekiga-arimasu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s646');" ontouchend="turnOff('s646');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s646');"><span class="nw">きんようび　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">から　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">せきが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">でます。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b646" onclick="showTranslation('b646', 't646');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b646');" ontouchend="turnOff('b646');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b646');">(show translation)</span><span id="t646" style="display:none;">I&rsquo;ve had a cough since Friday. (Lit. &ldquo;Coughs come out since Friday.&rdquo;)</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">Finally, we come to <i>hanamizu</i>,
        or just <i>hana</i> for short. This is generally easy to remember, since it
        seems to mean &ldquo;nose water.&rdquo;
        (The derivation for <i>hana</i> is
        actually different, but that&rsquo;s ok.) In
        Japanese, your nose doesn&rsquo;t &ldquo;run,&rdquo; the snot just &ldquo;comes
        out.&rdquo; Use the verb <i>demasu</i>, &ldquo;to come out,&rdquo; like
        this: <i>Hanamizu ga demashita</i>, &ldquo;Snot came out&rdquo; = &ldquo;My nose
        ran.&rdquo;</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-220');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s647" onclick="playSound('Body_kyou-hanamizuga-ippai-demashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s647');" ontouchend="turnOff('s647');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s647');"><span class="nw">きょう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">はなみずが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いっぱい　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">でました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b647" onclick="showTranslation('b647', 't647');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b647');" ontouchend="turnOff('b647');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b647');">(show translation)</span><span id="t647" style="display:none;">I had a really runny nose today. (Lit. &ldquo;Lots of snot came out today.&rdquo;)</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">To nip that runny nose in the bud, you can blow your nose
        with the verb <i>kamimasu</i>. The construction is <i>hana wo kamimasu</i>. So to say,
        &ldquo;John blew his nose,&rdquo; you would simply say, <i>Jon-san wa hana wo kamimashita</i>.</p>


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<p class="bodycopy">If you actually do get sick in Japan, your friends will doubtless
        insist on taking you to the hospital. 
        Seriously.  No amount of
        protesting that it is &ldquo;just a cold&rdquo; will convince them to give up and let you
        rest at home like a normal person.  So
        let&rsquo;s learn a little about hospital vocabulary.</p>

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="33%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header" width="33%">-Te Form</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="34%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v648_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v648_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v648_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v648_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_byounin');"><span class="nw">びょうにん</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">sick person</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v649_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v649_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v649_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v649_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_byouin');"><span class="nw">びょういん</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">hospital</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v650_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v650_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v650_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v650_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_oisha');"><span class="nw">おいしゃ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">doctor</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v651_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v651_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v651_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v651_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_kangofu');"><span class="nw">かんごふ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">nurse</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v652_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v652_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v652_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v652_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_kusuri');"><span class="nw">くすり</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">medicine</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v653_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v653_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v653_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v653_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_chuusha');"><span class="nw">ちゅうしゃ</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row" valign="top" >&nbsp;</td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">shot / injection</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v654_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v654_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v654_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v654_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_ukemasu');"><span class="nw">うけます</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v654_col2" ontouchstart="turnOn('v654_col2');" ontouchend="turnOff('v654_col2');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v654_col2');" onclick="playSound('Body_ukete');"><span class="nw">うけて</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">to receive</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="5" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->

        <div class="subheading_level_2">Notes</div>


<p class="bodycopy">The <i>byou</i> from <i>byounin</i> should look familiar.  It&rsquo;s the same root as in <i>byouki</i>, and it means &ldquo;sick.&rdquo;  <i>Byounin</i>
        are sick people.  <i>Byounin</i> go to the <i>byouin</i>,
        the hospital.  Even though this is
        translated &ldquo;hospital,&rdquo; <i>byouin</i>
        are not necessarily the huge mega-complexes you might think of in some parts of
        the world.  Usually, they&rsquo;re more like
        small clinics. </p>


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    <title>Body and Health 16</title>

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<!-- Page 17 -->

<p class="bodycopy">When your Japanese friends panic and insist on taking you to
        the hospital, don&rsquo;t imagine that you&rsquo;re headed for the ER. Most likely, they&rsquo;ll take you to a small
        clinic with a family doctor, who will
        give you a brief checkup and tell you to get some rest and drink lots of
        fluids.</p>

<p class="bodycopy">The doctor will usually prescribe some sort of medicine, <i>kusuri</i>.
        You will soon discover that Japanese people are medicine junkies.
        When they come down with the smallest
        symptom, it&rsquo;s time to start poppin&rsquo; pills. 
        In Japanese, we don&rsquo;t &ldquo;take&rdquo; medicine, we drink it. This stems from the fact that medicine is
        normally taken with a glass of water. 
        Therefore, the sentence, &ldquo;Mariko took her medicine&rdquo; would
        translate to <i>Mariko-san wa kusuri wo
        nomimashita</i>.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-230');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s648" onclick="playSound('Body_marikosanha-mazui-kusuriwo-nomimashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s648');" ontouchend="turnOff('s648');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s648');"><span class="nw">まりこさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">まずい　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">くすりを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">のみました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b648" onclick="showTranslation('b648', 't648');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b648');" ontouchend="turnOff('b648');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b648');">(show translation)</span><span id="t648" style="display:none;">Mariko took some disgusting medicine.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


<p class="bodycopy">More serious treatments might involve injections, or <i>chuusha</i>. 
        To &ldquo;get&rdquo; a shot, use the verb <i>ukemasu</i>, which can also be used generally to mean, &ldquo;to
        receive.&rdquo; Therefore, &ldquo;John got
        a shot,&rdquo; translates to <i>Jon-san wa
        chuusha wo ukemashita</i>. Incidentally, you count injections with the counter <i>-hon</i>.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-240');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="example_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s649" onclick="playSound('Body_kyou-JONsanha-chuushawo-sanbon-ukemashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s649');" ontouchend="turnOff('s649');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s649');"><span class="nw">きょう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ジョンさんは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ちゅうしゃを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">さんぼん　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">うけました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b649" onclick="showTranslation('b649', 't649');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b649');" ontouchend="turnOff('b649');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b649');">(show translation)</span><span id="t649" style="display:none;">John got three shots today.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>



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    <title>Body and Health 17</title>

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<!-- Page 18 -->

        <!-- Start vocab table -->
        <div class="vocab_table_container">
            
	        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="vocab_table">
	        <!-- Headers row -->
	        <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tl" width="50%">Word</td>
		        <td class="vocab_header_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                        <td class="vocab_header vocab_radius_tr" width="50%">Meaning</td>
	        </tr>

                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v655_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v655_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v655_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v655_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_do');"><span class="nw">～ど</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">~ times</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v656_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v656_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v656_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v656_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_soshite');"><span class="nw">そして</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">then, after that...</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_odd_row vocab_clickable_odd" valign="top" id="v657_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v657_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v657_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v657_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_takusan');"><span class="nw">たくさん</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_odd_row" valign="top">a lot</td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Line -->
                <tr>
                        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
                </tr>
                <!-- Item row -->
                <tr>
		        <td class="vocab_japanese vocab_even_row vocab_clickable_even" valign="top" id="v658_col1" ontouchstart="turnOn('v658_col1');" ontouchend="turnOff('v658_col1');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('v658_col1');" onclick="playSound('Body_takusanno');"><span class="nw">たくさんの</span> </td>
		        <td class="vocab_divider"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
		        <td class="vocab_english vocab_even_row" valign="top">a lot of</td>
                </tr>


                <!-- Footer -->
                <tr>
		        <td colspan="3" class="vocab_footer"><img src="spacer@2x.png" /></td>
	        </tr>

            </table>        
        </div>
        <!-- End vocab table -->

        <div class="subheading_level_2">Notes</div>


<p class="bodycopy"><i>-Do</i> is a suffix
        that can be added to any number to mean that many times.  For example, <i>ichi-do</i> means &ldquo;one time,&rdquo; <i>ni-do</i> means &ldquo;two times,&rdquo; and so on. You can specify a rate
        by first saying what period the times should occur over. For example, <i>ichinichi ni san-do</i> means &ldquo;three
        times in one day.&rdquo; </p>

<p class="bodycopy"><i>Soshite</i> is used to
        connect two sentences together like we do with the word &ldquo;then.&rdquo; It&rsquo;s almost
        always used in the beginning of sentences.</p>

<p class="bodycopy"><i>Takusan</i> means
        &ldquo;a lot.&rdquo;  To say &ldquo;a lot of
        something,&rdquo; the construction is <i>takusan
        no X</i>, for example, <i>takusan no mizu ga
        arimasu</i>, &ldquo;There&rsquo;s a lot of water.&rdquo;</p>


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    <title>Body and Health 18</title>

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<!-- Page 19 -->

        <div class="subheading_level_1">Dialog</div>


<p class="bodycopy">Let&rsquo;s look in as John finds
        himself at a checkup for the flu.</p>

        <div class="example">
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_doctor@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-250');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s650" onclick="playSound('Body_guaiha-dou-desuka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s650');" ontouchend="turnOff('s650');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s650');"><span class="nw">ぐあいは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">どう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b650" onclick="showTranslation('b650', 't650');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b650');" ontouchend="turnOff('b650');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b650');">(show translation)</span><span id="t650" style="display:none;">How do you feel?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_john@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-260');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s651" onclick="playSound('Body_guaiha-warui-desu');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s651');" ontouchend="turnOff('s651');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s651');"><span class="nw">ぐあいは　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">わるい　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">です。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b651" onclick="showTranslation('b651', 't651');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b651');" ontouchend="turnOff('b651');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b651');">(show translation)</span><span id="t651" style="display:none;">I don&rsquo;t feel well.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_doctor@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-270');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s652" onclick="playSound('Body_netsuga-arimashitaka');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s652');" ontouchend="turnOff('s652');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s652');"><span class="nw">ねつが　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ありましたか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b652" onclick="showTranslation('b652', 't652');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b652');" ontouchend="turnOff('b652');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b652');">(show translation)</span><span id="t652" style="display:none;">Did you have a fever?</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_john@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-280');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s653" onclick="playSound('Body_hai,kinou-arimashitasekimo-gerimo-arimashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s653');" ontouchend="turnOff('s653');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s653');"><span class="nw">はい、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">きのう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ありました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">せきも　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">げりも　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ありました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b653" onclick="showTranslation('b653', 't653');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b653');" ontouchend="turnOff('b653');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b653');">(show translation)</span><span id="t653" style="display:none;">Yes, I did yesterday. I also had a cough and diarrhea.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_doctor@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-290');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s654" onclick="playSound('Body_sou-desukaINFURUENZA-desune-kono-kusuriwo-ichinichini-sando-nonde-kudasai-soshite');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s654');" ontouchend="turnOff('s654');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s654');"><span class="nw">そう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですか。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">インフルエンザ　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ですね。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">この　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">くすりを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">いちにちに　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">さんど　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">のんで　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ください。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">そして、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">たくさんの　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">みずを　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">のんで　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ください。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b654" onclick="showTranslation('b654', 't654');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b654');" ontouchend="turnOff('b654');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b654');">(show translation)</span><span id="t654" style="display:none;">It looks like the flu. Please take this medicine three times a day. And drink lots of water.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="example_divider">&nbsp;</div>
            <div class="example_bar_and_copy">
                <div class="dialog_person_outer"><div class="dialog_person_inner"><img class="dialog_person" src="dialogue_john@2x.jpg" /></div></div>
                <div class="example_icon" onclick="showIngredients('ingredients-body-300');"><img class="example_icon_image" src="ingredients@2x.png" /></div>
                <div class="dialog_copy">
                    <div class="example_japanese correct_japanese" id="s655" onclick="playSound('Body_hai,wakarimashitasensei,-arigatou-gozaimashita');" ontouchstart="turnOn('s655');" ontouchend="turnOff('s655');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('s655');"><span class="nw">はい、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">わかりました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">せんせい、</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ありがとう　</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw">ございました。</span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /><span class="nw"></span><img src="spacer@2x.png" width="0" /></div>
                    
                    <div class="example_translation"><span class="example_translation_show" id="b655" onclick="showTranslation('b655', 't655');" ontouchstart="turnOn('b655');" ontouchend="turnOff('b655');" ontouchcancel="turnOff('b655');">(show translation)</span><span id="t655" style="display:none;">Okay, I understand. Thank you, Doctor.</span></div>
                </div>
            </div>

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        <p style="clear:both;height:0px;"></p>


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        <div class="subheading_level_2">Notes</div>


<p class="bodycopy">John calls the doctor <i>sensei</i>.
        Earlier we discussed the fact that <i>sensei</i>
        can be used for doctors and a few other highly-stationed people, in addition to
        teachers. Lawyers and scientists can be addressed as <i>sensei</i> as well. </p>

<p class="bodycopy"><i>Arigatou <strong>gozaimashita</strong></i>
        may strike you as strange.  Why should
        &ldquo;thank you&rdquo; be in the past tense? 

        The answer is that <i>arigatou gozaimasu</i> has its origins as a complete sentence
        that literally means, &ldquo;It is hard or rare (for that) to be,&rdquo; that is to say, &ldquo;Your kindness is a rare and precious thing.&rdquo;
</p>

<p class="bodycopy">
        Another form   
        that you&rsquo;ll sometimes see is as an adjective, <em>arigatai</em>, which means the same thing. 
        You can even conjugate this to the negative,
        <i>arigatakunai</i>, which people do use to refer to something that is not particularly welcome or wanted.
</p>
       
<p class="bodycopy">
        Of course, people don&rsquo;t really think of the literal meaning every time they say &ldquo;thank you,&rdquo; but the fact that
        it comes from an actual, fully-formed sentence is still quite clear in modern Japanese. 
        And because of all of this, using the present tense form feels a little more appropriate to an ongoing kindness,
        whereas
        the past tense (remember, in that form, it literally means &ldquo;it <strong>was</strong> a rare thing&rdquo;) is better suited
        to situations that are totally completed. 
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        <div class="subheading_level_1">Summary</div>


<p class="bodycopy">In this lesson, we learned the names for the various parts
        of the human body, and we learned several important adjectives which allow us to
        describe someone&rsquo;s physical characteristics. We learned that a standard pattern for describing
        a person is &lt;person&gt; wa &lt;feature&gt; ga &lt;adjective&gt;, for example,
        <i>Mariko-san wa me ga chairo desu</i>, &ldquo;Mariko has brown eyes.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">We also learned about describing symptoms and inquiring about
        someone&rsquo;s health. For example, you can describe your <i>guai</i> as being good or bad
        to mean you&rsquo;re feeling well or ill. We also noted that you usually say that you &ldquo;have&rdquo; various 
        conditions like a fever by saying that it &ldquo;exists&rdquo; with the word <i>arimasu</i>, so <i>Jon-san wa netsu ga arimasu</i>
        means &ldquo;As for John, there is a fever,&rdquo; or in other words, &ldquo;John has a fever.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">We saw that with names of diseases like &ldquo;the flu,&rdquo; it&rsquo;s common to just say
that a person &ldquo;is&rdquo; that thing, for instance, <i>Mariko-san wa infuruenza desu</i>, &ldquo;Mariko has the flu.&rdquo;</p>

<p class="bodycopy">Finally, we learned the origins of the phrase <i>arigatou gozaimasu</i> which literally
is a full sentence that means &ldquo;It is a rare,&rdquo; that is to say, &ldquo;Your kindness is a rare and precious thing.&rdquo; 

<p class="bodycopy">As always, make sure you&rsquo;re following along by breezing through my friendly quizzes below.</p>

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<p class="bodycopy">Next up, we&rsquo;ll add a new dimension to your Japanese by learning how to create sentences like &ldquo;I am eating right now&rdquo; and &ldquo;She was watching a movie.&rdquo; </p>
    
          
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