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"incorrectText3":" I should change the battery or the starter.",
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"questionText":"A scientific theory",
"correctAnswerText":" is a general explanation for natural phenomena.",
"incorrectText1":" is an educated guess.",
"incorrectText2":" is less reliable than a hypothesis.",
"incorrectText3":" will never be changed.",
"categoryName":"An Intro to Life on Earth"
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"itemId":"KI7116J4",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"A scientific explanation that is tentative and requires more investigation is called a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" hypothesis.",
"incorrectText1":" theory.",
"incorrectText2":" fact.",
"incorrectText3":" control.",
"categoryName":"An Intro to Life on Earth"
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"itemId":"1J3KH69F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"A carefully formulated scientific explanation that is based on extensive observations and is in accord with scientific principles is called a",
"correctAnswerText":" theory.",
"incorrectText1":" hypothesis.",
"incorrectText2":" fact.",
"incorrectText3":" control.",
"categoryName":"An Intro to Life on Earth"
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"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"All the following are features of the scientific method EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" supernatural causes.",
"incorrectText1":" hypothesis formulation.",
"incorrectText2":" observation and experimentation.",
"incorrectText3":" inductive reasoning.",
"categoryName":"An Intro to Life on Earth"
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"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Suppose you are testing a treatment for AIDS patients and find that 75% respond very well whereas 25% show no improvement or a decline in health. You should:",
"correctAnswerText":" review the results, modify the drug or the dosage, and repeat the experiment.",
"incorrectText1":" conclude that you have proven the effectiveness of the drug.",
"incorrectText2":" conclude that only 75% of AIDS patients should be treated.",
"incorrectText3":" discontinue experimentation with this treatment because 25% of patients did not improve.",
"categoryName":"An Intro to Life on Earth"
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"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Alexander Fleming observed a colony of mold that inhibited the growth of nearby bacteria. Which of the following was his hypothesis?",
"correctAnswerText":" The mold produced a substance that killed nearby bacteria.",
"incorrectText1":" The mold used all of the nutrients so that the bacteria couldn't grow.",
"incorrectText2":" The bacteria changed their DNA when growing near the mold.",
"incorrectText3":" The mold was dead.",
"categoryName":"An Intro to Life on Earth"
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"itemId":"28AO22EH",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Imagine that 1 milliliter of an experimental drug diluted in a saline solution is injected into 20 pregnant mice to determine possible side effects. Which of the following is a suitable control for this experiment?",
"correctAnswerText":" 20 pregnant mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline",
"incorrectText1":" 20 male mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline",
"incorrectText2":" 20 male mice injected with 1 milliliter of the drug",
"incorrectText3":" 20 pregnant mice injected with 2 milliliters of the drug",
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"itemId":"T2XDOHVK",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following statements is a hypothesis rather than a theory?",
"correctAnswerText":" Female birds prefer to mate with male birds that have longer tails.",
"incorrectText1":" Matter is composed of atoms.",
"incorrectText2":" Living things are made of cells.",
"incorrectText3":" Modern organisms descended from preexisting life-forms.",
"categoryName":"An Intro to Life on Earth"
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"itemId":"WP5ZPEOA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following is true regarding faith-based beliefs and scientific theories?",
"correctAnswerText":" Any and all scientific theories can be disproven, but faith-based beliefs cannot.",
"incorrectText1":" Both faith-based beliefs and scientific theories can be proven.",
"incorrectText2":" Any and all faith-based beliefs can be disproven, but scientific theories cannot.",
"incorrectText3":" Scientific theories are not modifiable, but faith-based beliefs are.",
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"itemId":"L0Z6ERSL",
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"questionText":"Which is the correct sequence of increasing organization?",
"correctAnswerText":" Cell, tissue, organ, organ system",
"incorrectText1":" Molecule, cell, organelle, organ",
"incorrectText2":" Organelle, tissue, cell, organ",
"incorrectText3":" Atom, molecule, tissue, cell",
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"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following levels of organization is the most inclusive (that is, includes the most life-forms)?",
"correctAnswerText":" Biosphere",
"incorrectText1":" Organ system",
"incorrectText2":" Population",
"incorrectText3":" Community",
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"itemId":"228X6V3K",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The smallest units that still retain the characteristics of an element are called",
"correctAnswerText":" atoms.",
"incorrectText1":" molecules.",
"incorrectText2":" cells.",
"incorrectText3":" tissues.",
"categoryName":"An Intro to Life on Earth"
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"itemId":"JWWD0R5U",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning?",
"correctAnswerText":" If an object exhibits all the characteristics of life, it must be living.",
"incorrectText1":" All objects on Earth will fall down when dropped, and none will fall up.",
"incorrectText2":" Living objects are composed of cells.",
"incorrectText3":" Atoms make up molecules, which make up cells, which make up tissues.",
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"itemId":"LSUV73ZY",
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"questionText":"The experiments of Francesco Redi",
"correctAnswerText":" disproved the idea of spontaneous generation.",
"incorrectText1":" disproved that maggots and flies were related.",
"incorrectText2":" disproved the scientific method.",
"incorrectText3":" used the scientific method to prove the idea of spontaneous generation.",
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"questionText":"Francesco Redi designed an experiment to test the notion of spontaneous generation. He left the first jar of meat open to the air and covered the second jar. The first jar would be called the ________ jar.",
"correctAnswerText":" control",
"incorrectText1":" experimental",
"incorrectText2":" conclusive",
"incorrectText3":" hypothetical",
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"questionText":"To test the effect of vitamin D on growth, two groups of rats were raised under identical conditions and fed the same diet. One of the groups received daily injections of vitamin D. The other group received injections of saline, which did not contain vitamin D. All the rats were weighed weekly for 2 months. In this experiment, the control was the",
"correctAnswerText":" group receiving saline.",
"incorrectText1":" group receiving vitamin D.",
"incorrectText2":" average weight gain of the rats.",
"incorrectText3":" 2-month period of time.",
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"questionText":"Evolution is sometimes described as the change from preexisting life-forms to modern-day organisms. What actually changes, in every case of evolution, is the",
"correctAnswerText":" genetic makeup of the species.",
"incorrectText1":" rate of reproduction.",
"incorrectText2":" ability of organisms to respond to external stimuli.",
"incorrectText3":" energy and nutritional demands of the organism.",
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"itemId":"1AWU4IP3",
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"questionText":"A substance with specific properties that cannot be broken down or converted into another substance is called a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" element.",
"incorrectText1":" molecule.",
"incorrectText2":" ion.",
"incorrectText3":" compound.",
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"itemId":"5UMVKFFR",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"If you examined the human body, which of the following combinations of elements would be most common?",
"correctAnswerText":" O, N, H, C",
"incorrectText1":" C, O, P, S",
"incorrectText2":" C, Na, O, N",
"incorrectText3":" Cl, Ca, C, H",
"categoryName":"Atoms-Molecules and Life"
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"itemId":"6M7C6Z9W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The atomic number of an atom is defined as the",
"correctAnswerText":" number of protons in the atomic nucleus.",
"incorrectText1":" number of electrons in the outermost energy level.",
"incorrectText2":" total number of energy shells.",
"incorrectText3":" number of neutrons in the atomic nucleus.",
"categoryName":"Atoms-Molecules and Life"
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"itemId":"D41HJLCA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15, so what is the distribution of its electrons?",
"correctAnswerText":" The first energy level has 2, the second has 8, and the third has 5.",
"incorrectText1":" The first energy level has 8 and the second has 7.",
"incorrectText2":" The first energy level has 2 and the second has 13.",
"incorrectText3":" The first, second, and third energy levels have 5 electrons each.",
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"itemId":"6VUMYN0O",
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"questionText":"Which four elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?",
"correctAnswerText":" Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen",
"incorrectText1":" Carbon, phosphorus, hydrogen, sulfur",
"incorrectText2":" Carbon, sodium, chlorine, magnesium",
"incorrectText3":" Carbon, oxygen, calcium, sulfur",
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"questionText":"Imagine that you have been hired as a chemist and your first task is to examine a newly discovered atom. The paperwork you are given states that its atomic number is 110. What does this mean?",
"correctAnswerText":" The atom contains 110 protons.",
"incorrectText1":" The atom contains 55 electrons.",
"incorrectText2":" The atom contains 55 protons and 55 neutrons.",
"incorrectText3":" The atom is an isotope.",
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"itemId":"VV0YFCYH",
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"questionText":"Iron is an important element in human body cells. If iron has an atomic number of 26, what does this tell you about this element?",
"correctAnswerText":" An iron atom has 26 protons.",
"incorrectText1":" An iron atom has 13 electrons and 13 protons.",
"incorrectText2":" An iron atom has 13 protons and 13 neutrons.",
"incorrectText3":" An iron atom is unable to become an isotope.",
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"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
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"questionText":"Carbon-14 is often used for carbon dating, where scientists measure the rate of carbon-14 decay to determine the age of items. Carbon-14 contains six protons and eight neutrons. During the process of carbon-14 decay, one of its eight neutrons becomes a proton and an electron is emitted. Which of the following is the best explanation of what has occurred?",
"correctAnswerText":" The resulting atom is now a different element because the number of protons has changed.",
"incorrectText1":" The resulting atom still has an unstable nucleus.",
"incorrectText2":" The resulting atom is still carbon-14.",
"incorrectText3":" An ionic bond has formed.",
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"itemId":"KI7116J4",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Radioactive isotopes are biological tools that are often used to",
"correctAnswerText":" detect brain tumors.",
"incorrectText1":" measure the size of fossils.",
"incorrectText2":" build up a store of calcium in a cell.",
"incorrectText3":" increase the pH of blood.",
"categoryName":"Atoms-Molecules and Life"
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"itemId":"1J3KH69F",
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"questionText":" For an atom to achieve maximum stability and become chemically inert, what must occur?",
"correctAnswerText":" Its outermost energy shell must be filled with electrons.",
"incorrectText1":" The number of electrons must equal the number of protons.",
"incorrectText2":" Electron pairs are shared.",
"incorrectText3":" Ionization occurs.",
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"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
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"questionText":"An atom's nucleus is composed of",
"correctAnswerText":" protons and neutrons.",
"incorrectText1":" protons only.",
"incorrectText2":" neutrons only.",
"incorrectText3":" protons and electrons.",
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"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
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"questionText":"The formation of ions involves the",
"correctAnswerText":" gain or loss of electrons.",
"incorrectText1":" sharing of electrons.",
"incorrectText2":" gain or loss of protons.",
"incorrectText3":" sharing of protons.",
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"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
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"questionText":"If a certain atom has a tendency to lose two electrons, this lends itself to the formation of a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" ion.",
"incorrectText1":" polar molecule.",
"incorrectText2":" water molecule.",
"incorrectText3":" isotope.",
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"questionText":"14) The formation of sodium chloride (NaCl) is the result of",
"correctAnswerText":" attraction between opposite charges.",
"incorrectText1":" covalent bonding.",
"incorrectText2":" chemical unreactivity.",
"incorrectText3":" the lack of chemical attraction.",
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"questionText":"Atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons are called",
"correctAnswerText":" ions.",
"incorrectText1":" acids.",
"incorrectText2":" bases.",
"incorrectText3":" covalent.",
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"questionText":"Most biological molecules are joined by",
"correctAnswerText":" covalent bonds.",
"incorrectText1":" peptide bonds.",
"incorrectText2":" ionic bonds.",
"incorrectText3":" hydrogen bonds.",
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"questionText":"Sulfur is an essential element in the human body, and studying its characteristics is important in understanding human physiology. Sulfur atoms have six electrons in their outer shell. Based on this information, which of the following is true?",
"correctAnswerText":" Sulfur can form important molecules using covalent bonds.",
"incorrectText1":" Sulfur is inert.",
"incorrectText2":" Sulfur is an important isotope of hydrogen.",
"incorrectText3":" Sulfur has eight electrons in its outer shell.",
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"questionText":"Free radicals contain unpaired electrons in their outermost energy shell, so they react readily with other atoms or molecules to reach a more stable state. Which of the following could potentially be a free radical?",
"correctAnswerText":" Oxygen (atomic number 8)",
"incorrectText1":" Helium (atomic number 2)",
"incorrectText2":" Neon (atomic number 10)",
"incorrectText3":"",
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"questionText":"Free radicals are considered dangerous because they",
"correctAnswerText":" steal electrons from other atoms, causing them to become free radicals.",
"incorrectText1":" attack the atomic nucleus.",
"incorrectText2":" emit dangerous radiation.",
"incorrectText3":" damage oxygen and cause it to become an antioxidant.",
"categoryName":"Atoms-Molecules and Life"
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"itemId":"JWWD0R5U",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Scientists recommend a diet rich in antioxidants to stay healthy. What occurs at the atomic level to explain this recommendation?",
"correctAnswerText":" Antioxidants stop the chain reaction of cellular damage caused by free radicals.",
"incorrectText1":" Antioxidants cause an increase in pH, which is necessary for neutrality in cells.",
"incorrectText2":" Antioxidants steal electrons, which gives cells extra energy.",
"incorrectText3":" Antioxidants are inert and do not interact with free radicals.",
"categoryName":"Atoms-Molecules and Life"
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"itemId":"LSUV73ZY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following best explains why a particular atom may not form compounds readily?",
"correctAnswerText":" The atom's outer energy shells are completely full.",
"incorrectText1":" The atom has no electrons.",
"incorrectText2":" The atom has an uneven number of protons.",
"incorrectText3":" The atom has seven electrons in its outer shell.",
"categoryName":"Atoms-Molecules and Life"
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"itemId":"H5D3Q60F",
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"questionText":"The element carbon has atomic number 6. Carbon most likely",
"correctAnswerText":" forms four covalent bonds.",
"incorrectText1":" forms an ionic bond.",
"incorrectText2":" forms two covalent bonds.",
"incorrectText3":" donates two electrons to another atom.",
"categoryName":"Atoms-Molecules and Life"
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"itemId":"3WI7OIP8",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Sodium (N, atomic number 11, has a tendency to lose an electron in the presence of chlorine. After losing the electron, Na has ________ protons in its nucleus.",
"correctAnswerText":"11",
"incorrectText1":"10",
"incorrectText2":"12",
"incorrectText3":"21",
"categoryName":"Atoms-Molecules and Life"
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"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Carbon has atomic number 6. Carbon most likely",
"correctAnswerText":" shares electrons.",
"incorrectText1":" gains electrons.",
"incorrectText2":" loses electrons.",
"incorrectText3":" shares protons.",
"categoryName":"Atoms-Molecules and Life"
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"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"What does H-O-H represent?",
"correctAnswerText":" a molecule of water",
"incorrectText1":" an atom of water",
"incorrectText2":" a mixture including water",
"incorrectText3":" ionic bonding of water",
"categoryName":"Atoms-Molecules and Life"
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"questionText":"Prions are known to cause",
"correctAnswerText":" mad cow disease.",
"incorrectText1":" the common cold.",
"incorrectText2":" herpes.",
"incorrectText3":" sickle cell anemia.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is NOT an organic molecule?",
"correctAnswerText":" Carbon monoxide",
"incorrectText1":" Protein",
"incorrectText2":" Nucleic acid",
"incorrectText3":" Monosaccharide",
"categoryName":"Biological Molecules"
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"questionText":"You are telling your friend that organic molecules are all made up of carbon backbones with hydrogens. She doesn't understand how there can be so many different organic molecules if they all are made up of the same basic components. You explain that organic molecules",
"correctAnswerText":" vary because they possess different functional groups.",
"incorrectText1":" vary because they possess different isotopes of carbon.",
"incorrectText2":" actually all have the same structure but differ in the number of electrons.",
"incorrectText3":" are different because of the different types of hydrogen bonds that form.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following best explains the molecular complexity of living organisms?",
"correctAnswerText":" A small number of monomers can be assembled into large polymers with many different sequences.",
"incorrectText1":" The large number of different monomers allows for the construction of many polymers.",
"incorrectText2":" Each organism has its own unique set of monomers for use in constructing polymers.",
"incorrectText3":" Condensation reactions can create different polymers because they can combine virtually any molecules in the cell.",
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"questionText":"Large biological molecules are synthesized by removing",
"correctAnswerText":" water.",
"incorrectText1":" carbon.",
"incorrectText2":" covalent bonds.",
"incorrectText3":" oxygen.",
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"itemId":"MUO7VGYG",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"What type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of organic polymers into their respective subunits?",
"correctAnswerText":" Hydrolysis",
"incorrectText1":" Condensation",
"incorrectText2":" Oxidation",
"incorrectText3":" Ionization",
"categoryName":"Biological Molecules"
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"itemId":"VV0YFCYH",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following reactions requires the removal of water to form a covalent bond?",
"correctAnswerText":" Glucose + galactose → lactose",
"incorrectText1":" Glycogen → glucose subunits",
"incorrectText2":" Peptide → alanine + glycine",
"incorrectText3":" Cellulose → glucose",
"categoryName":"Biological Molecules"
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"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?",
"correctAnswerText":" Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis breaks them down.",
"incorrectText1":" Hydrolysis creates polysaccharides, and dehydration creates monosaccharides.",
"incorrectText2":" Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis.",
"incorrectText3":" Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions destroy them.",
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"questionText":"In dehydration synthesis, the atoms that make up a water molecule are derived from",
"correctAnswerText":" both of the reactants.",
"incorrectText1":" oxygen.",
"incorrectText2":" only one of the reactants.",
"incorrectText3":" carbohydrates.",
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"questionText":"If digestion is ________, then synthesis is ________.",
"correctAnswerText":" hydrolysis; dehydration",
"incorrectText1":" dehydration; hydrolysis",
"incorrectText2":" organic; inorganic",
"incorrectText3":" inorganic; organic",
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"questionText":"Hydrolysis may be correctly described as the",
"correctAnswerText":" breaking of a compound into its subunits by adding water between the subunits.",
"incorrectText1":" heating of a compound in order to drive off its excess water and to concentrate its volume.",
"incorrectText2":" constant removal of hydrogen atoms from a carbohydrate.",
"incorrectText3":" removal of water from a polymer.",
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"questionText":"Keratin and silk are examples of ________, whereas glucose and maltose are examples of ________.",
"correctAnswerText":" proteins; carbohydrates",
"incorrectText1":" proteins; lipids",
"incorrectText2":" carbohydrates; proteins",
"incorrectText3":" nucleic acids; lipids",
"categoryName":"Biological Molecules"
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"questionText":"Dehydration synthesis involves the removal of a hydrogen ion and a hydroxyl ion. What happens next?",
"correctAnswerText":" The hydrogen and hydroxyl ions interact to form water.",
"incorrectText1":" A large polymer is split apart into small monomers.",
"incorrectText2":" A polysaccharide is released from a monosaccharide.",
"incorrectText3":" The hydrogen ion becomes an isotope.",
"categoryName":"Biological Molecules"
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"questionText":"Which molecule is a disaccharide?",
"correctAnswerText":" Lactose",
"incorrectText1":" Glucose",
"incorrectText2":" Water",
"incorrectText3":" Fructose",
"categoryName":"Biological Molecules"
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"questionText":"The carbohydrate in DNA is",
"correctAnswerText":" deoxyribose.",
"incorrectText1":" ribose.",
"incorrectText2":" cellulose.",
"incorrectText3":" glucose.",
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"questionText":"Maltose is made from",
"correctAnswerText":" two glucose molecules.",
"incorrectText1":" two peptides.",
"incorrectText2":" glucose and fructose.",
"incorrectText3":" glucose and galactose.",
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"questionText":"The fiber in your diet is actually",
"correctAnswerText":" cellulose.",
"incorrectText1":" protein.",
"incorrectText2":" ATP.",
"incorrectText3":" starch.",
"categoryName":"Biological Molecules"
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"questionText":"Chitin is an example of a",
"correctAnswerText":" polysaccharide.",
"incorrectText1":" monomer.",
"incorrectText2":" nucleic acid.",
"incorrectText3":" peptide.",
"categoryName":"Biological Molecules"
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"itemId":"228X6V3K",
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"questionText":"Where is glycogen stored in vertebrate animals?",
"correctAnswerText":" Liver and muscles",
"incorrectText1":" Brain and kidneys",
"incorrectText2":" Teeth and bones",
"incorrectText3":" Pancreas and blood",
"categoryName":"Biological Molecules"
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"questionText":"An example of a structural polysaccharide is",
"correctAnswerText":" chitin.",
"incorrectText1":" maltose.",
"incorrectText2":" starch.",
"incorrectText3":" glucose.",
"categoryName":"Biological Molecules"
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"questionText":"Which of the following provides long-term energy storage for plants?",
"correctAnswerText":" Starch",
"incorrectText1":" Glucose",
"incorrectText2":" Glycogen",
"incorrectText3":" Cellulose",
"categoryName":"Biological Molecules"
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"questionText":"Lactose is a disaccharide of glucose and galactose, and its digestion requires the actions of the enzyme lactase. If lactose is eaten as part of the diet but is not digested by lactase, this sugar is then metabolized by bacteria in the intestine, leading to the symptoms of lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance, therefore, results from a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" lack of hydrolysis of lactose.",
"incorrectText1":" lack of dehydration synthesis of lactose.",
"incorrectText2":" low blood lactose level.",
"incorrectText3":" inability of the body to produce lactose.",
"categoryName":"Biological Molecules"
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"questionText":"In humans, dental cavities form when Streptococcus mutans bacteria in the mouth hydrolyze sucrose. Which of the following is (ar the products of this reaction?",
"correctAnswerText":" Glucose and fructose",
"incorrectText1":" Starch",
"incorrectText2":" Glucose and galactose",
"incorrectText3":" Glycogen",
"categoryName":"Biological Molecules"
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{
"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following can serve as an energy source and as structural support in plant cells?",
"correctAnswerText":" Carbohydrates",
"incorrectText1":" Proteins",
"incorrectText2":" Lipids",
"incorrectText3":" Nucleic acids",
"categoryName":"Biological Molecules"
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{
"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following include monosaccharide monomers?",
"correctAnswerText":" Carbohydrates",
"incorrectText1":" Proteins",
"incorrectText2":" Lipids",
"incorrectText3":" Nucleic acids",
"categoryName":"Biological Molecules"
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"itemId":"1AWU4IP3",
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"questionText":"Which type of microscope has the best resolution?",
"correctAnswerText":" An electron microscope",
"incorrectText1":" A modern light microscope",
"incorrectText2":" Leeuwenhoek's microscope",
"incorrectText3":" Hooke's microscope",
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"correctAnswerText":" Minerals in the diet are important for good health.",
"incorrectText1":" Insects are composed of cells.",
"incorrectText2":" Paramecium comes from Paramecium.",
"incorrectText3":" The smallest living organisms are single cells.",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"questionText":"Which of the following components is NOT part of the modern cell theory?",
"correctAnswerText":" Bacterial cells are eukaryotic.",
"incorrectText1":" All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.",
"incorrectText2":" The smallest living organisms are single cells.",
"incorrectText3":" All cells arise from preexisting cells.",
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"questionText":"What is NOT a feature of a prokaryotic cell?",
"correctAnswerText":" A nuclear membrane",
"incorrectText1":" A plasma membrane",
"incorrectText2":" Ribosomes",
"incorrectText3":" Enzymes",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"questionText":"Of the objects listed, which is the smallest that you can see with the unaided eye?",
"correctAnswerText":" Frog embryo",
"incorrectText1":" DNA molecule",
"incorrectText2":" Virus",
"incorrectText3":" Ribosomes",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"questionText":"Phospholipids are",
"correctAnswerText":" found in cell membranes.",
"incorrectText1":" completely hydrophilic.",
"incorrectText2":" completely hydrophobic.",
"incorrectText3":" made on the ribosomes.",
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"questionText":"All cells possess all of the following components EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" a nuclear membrane.",
"incorrectText1":" cytoplasm.",
"incorrectText2":" genetic material.",
"incorrectText3":" a plasma cell membrane.",
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"questionText":"The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains all of the following EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" chromosomes.",
"incorrectText1":" water.",
"incorrectText2":" dissolved nutrients.",
"incorrectText3":" organelles.",
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"questionText":"The phospholipids that make up the plasma membrane have ________ heads and ________ tails.",
"correctAnswerText":" hydrophilic; hydrophobic",
"incorrectText1":" cytoplasmic; phagocytic",
"incorrectText2":" hydrophobic; hydrophilic",
"incorrectText3":" prokaryotic; eukaryotic",
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"questionText":"The major histocompatibility complex (MH is an example of a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" glycoprotein.",
"incorrectText1":" organelle.",
"incorrectText2":" polysaccharide.",
"incorrectText3":" phospholipid.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is the smallest?",
"correctAnswerText":" Virus",
"incorrectText1":" Eukaryotic cell",
"incorrectText2":" Prokaryotic cell",
"incorrectText3":" Mitochondrion",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is so small, it is visible only with an electron microscope?",
"correctAnswerText":" DNA",
"incorrectText1":" Eukaryotic cell",
"incorrectText2":" Prokaryotic cell",
"incorrectText3":" Mitochondrion",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
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"questionText":"Flagellated cells can",
"correctAnswerText":" move the cell through fluid.",
"incorrectText1":" move internal organelles more efficiently than nonflagellated cells.",
"incorrectText2":" attach to surfaces more effectively because of the flagella.",
"incorrectText3":" divide more quickly than nonflagellated cells.",
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"questionText":"Membrane proteins are synthesized on ribosomes that are found",
"correctAnswerText":" on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.",
"incorrectText1":" on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.",
"incorrectText2":" on the Golgi apparatus.",
"incorrectText3":" in the cytoplasm.",
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"questionText":"A mutant plant cell with no chloroplasts would",
"correctAnswerText":" still be able to use carbohydrates as an energy source.",
"incorrectText1":" appear green in color .",
"incorrectText2":" still be able to capture energy as sunlight.",
"incorrectText3":" synthesize new chloroplasts in the nucleus.",
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"questionText":"Plastids are found in ________ cells.",
"correctAnswerText":" plant",
"incorrectText1":" bacterial",
"incorrectText2":" animal",
"incorrectText3":" fungal",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is NOT a function of plastids?",
"correctAnswerText":" Extracting energy from food and converting it to ATP",
"incorrectText1":" Storing photosynthetic products",
"incorrectText2":" Storing pigments",
"incorrectText3":" Carrying out photosynthesis",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"questionText":"Of the following cell components, which is composed of protein fibers that provide shape and organization to eukaryotic cells?",
"correctAnswerText":" Cytoskeleton",
"incorrectText1":" DNA",
"incorrectText2":" Chromatin",
"incorrectText3":" Mitochondria",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"questionText":"What primarily determines the shape of animal cells, which lack cell walls?",
"correctAnswerText":" Cytoskeleton",
"incorrectText1":" Nucleus",
"incorrectText2":" Cytoplasm",
"incorrectText3":" Endoplasmic reticulum",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"questionText":"All the following are important functions of the cytoskeleton EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" storage of food molecules.",
"incorrectText1":" assistance during cell division.",
"incorrectText2":" movement of organelles.",
"incorrectText3":" maintenance of shape.",
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"questionText":"Fibers of the cytoskeleton are composed of primarily",
"correctAnswerText":" proteins.",
"incorrectText1":" nucleic acids.",
"incorrectText2":" polysaccharides.",
"incorrectText3":" lipids.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following does NOT possess a double membrane?",
"correctAnswerText":" Ribosome",
"incorrectText1":" Mitochondrion",
"incorrectText2":" Nuclear envelope",
"incorrectText3":" Plastid",
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"questionText":"Which organelle is most abundant in cardiac muscle cells?",
"correctAnswerText":" Mitochondria",
"incorrectText1":" Lysosomes",
"incorrectText2":" Golgi complexes",
"incorrectText3":" Smooth ER",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"questionText":"A nucleolus is",
"correctAnswerText":" an area in the nucleus where ribosomes are made.",
"incorrectText1":" an extra nucleus in the cell.",
"incorrectText2":" an area where the nucleus is synthesized.",
"incorrectText3":" a membrane-bound organelle.",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"questionText":"The nuclei of eukaryotic cells are characterized by",
"correctAnswerText":" a double membrane.",
"incorrectText1":" a single-layered membrane.",
"incorrectText2":" one or more nucleoids.",
"incorrectText3":" a nonporous membrane.",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"itemId":"1AWU4IP3",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The substances in cell membranes that form a barrier to the movement of materials across the membrane are",
"correctAnswerText":" lipids.",
"incorrectText1":" internal proteins.",
"incorrectText2":" carbohydrates.",
"incorrectText3":" nucleic acids.",
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"questionText":"The ________ portion of the cell membrane is responsible for the isolating function of the membrane, whereas the ________ portion regulates exchange and communication with the environment.",
"correctAnswerText":" lipid; protein",
"incorrectText1":" cholesterol; lipid",
"incorrectText2":" protein; cholesterol",
"incorrectText3":" carbohydrate; lipid",
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"questionText":"When a mouse cell and a human cell are fused, the membrane proteins of the two cells become uniformly distributed over the surface of the hybrid cell. This occurs because",
"correctAnswerText":" many proteins can move around within the bilayer.",
"incorrectText1":" all proteins are anchored within the membrane.",
"incorrectText2":" proteins are asymmetrically distributed within the membrane.",
"incorrectText3":" all proteins in the plasma membrane are extrinsic.",
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"itemId":"D41HJLCA",
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"questionText":"Phospholipids spontaneously form a bilayer in an aqueous solution. Why do the heads of the phospholipids point out and the tails point toward one another?",
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"incorrectText2":" The heads are repelled by the water inside and outside the cell.",
"incorrectText3":"",
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"itemId":"6VUMYN0O",
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"questionText":"Plasma membranes are best described as a",
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"incorrectText1":" double layer of phospholipids with hydrophobic tails directed toward the cytoplasm of the cell.",
"incorrectText2":" single layer of phospholipids with water molecules attached along one side.",
"incorrectText3":" double layer of phospholipids with hydrophilic heads directed toward one another.",
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"questionText":"The hydrophobic tails of a phospholipid bilayer are oriented toward the",
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"incorrectText1":" extracellular fluid surrounding the cell.",
"incorrectText2":" cytoplasm of the cell.",
"incorrectText3":" interstitial fluid.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following accounts for the fluid aspect of the fluid mosaic model of plasma membranes?",
"correctAnswerText":" The individual phospholipid molecules are not bonded to one another, so the movement of certain proteins and lipids is possible within the bilayer.",
"incorrectText1":" The plasma membrane is fluid because of the movement of substances across the membrane.",
"incorrectText2":" The bilayer permits diffusion of certain lipid-soluble substances.",
"incorrectText3":" The membrane is water soluble.",
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"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids?",
"correctAnswerText":" They form a viscous fluid through which proteins shift and flow.",
"incorrectText1":" They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other.",
"incorrectText2":" They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the membrane.",
"incorrectText3":" They are free to depart from the membrane and are dissolved in the surrounding solution.",
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"itemId":"KI7116J4",
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"questionText":"In biological membranes, the phospholipids are arranged in a",
"correctAnswerText":" bilayer, with the fatty acids pointing toward one another.",
"incorrectText1":" bilayer, with the fatty acids facing outward.",
"incorrectText2":" single layer, with the fatty acids facing the interior of the cell.",
"incorrectText3":" single layer, with the phosphorus-containing region facing the interior of the cell.",
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"questionText":"10) The hydrophilic regions of a membrane protein are most likely to be found",
"correctAnswerText":" exposed on the surface of the membrane.",
"incorrectText1":" only in muscle cell membranes.",
"incorrectText2":" associated with the fatty acid region of the lipids.",
"incorrectText3":" in the interior of the membrane.",
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"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
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"questionText":"Suppose that plasma membranes were single layers of phospholipids rather than double layers, and the heads faced the extracellular fluid. The interior of this hypothetical cell would have to be",
"correctAnswerText":" hydrophobic and nonpolar.",
"incorrectText1":" hydrophilic only.",
"incorrectText2":" hydrophobic only.",
"incorrectText3":" polar only.",
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"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
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"questionText":"What would happen if the plasma membrane were composed solely of phospholipids and no proteins?",
"correctAnswerText":" Simple diffusion and osmosis would continue to occur.",
"incorrectText1":" All movement of molecules across the membrane would cease.",
"incorrectText2":" Facilitated diffusion, active transport, and osmosis would not occur.",
"incorrectText3":" The movement of molecules across the membrane would not be affected.",
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"questionText":"ISO membranes are inside-out membrane vesicles used by researchers in membrane studies. As a molecule diffuses into the vesicle, it will encounter the layers of the membrane in the following order:",
"correctAnswerText":" head-tail-tail-head.",
"incorrectText1":" head-tail-head-tail.",
"incorrectText2":" tail-head-head-tail.",
"incorrectText3":" tail-head-tail-head.",
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"questionText":"What structure in the membrane causes plasma membranes to resist freezing?",
"correctAnswerText":" Unsaturated fatty acid tails",
"incorrectText1":" Polar heads of the phospholipids",
"incorrectText2":" Channel proteins",
"incorrectText3":" Cholesterol",
"categoryName":"Cell Membrane Structure..."
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"questionText":"Within the fluid mosaic of a plasma membrane, what is the role of transport and channel proteins?",
"correctAnswerText":" They permit salts and sugars to move through the plasma membrane.",
"incorrectText1":" They prevent the passage of amino acids.",
"incorrectText2":" They may set off cellular changes such as cell division or hormone secretion.",
"incorrectText3":" They are cell-surface connection sites.",
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"questionText":"Recognition proteins are most important for",
"correctAnswerText":" distinguishing foreign cells from self cells.",
"incorrectText1":" facilitated diffusion of molecules.",
"incorrectText2":" active transport of molecules.",
"incorrectText3":" maintaining membrane integrity.",
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"questionText":"In general, which of the following is (ar largely responsible for moving substances across the plasma membrane, communicating with other cells, and identifying the cell?",
"correctAnswerText":" Proteins",
"incorrectText1":" Phospholipids",
"incorrectText2":" Carbohydrates",
"incorrectText3":" Nucleic acids",
"categoryName":"Cell Membrane Structure..."
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"questionText":"What prevents your immune system from attacking your own cells?",
"correctAnswerText":" Recognition proteins",
"incorrectText1":" Inadequate enzymes",
"incorrectText2":" Fever",
"incorrectText3":" Cholesterol",
"categoryName":"Cell Membrane Structure..."
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"questionText":"The main lipids found in cell membranes are",
"correctAnswerText":" glycerol.",
"incorrectText1":" steroids.",
"incorrectText2":" triglycerides.",
"incorrectText3":" phospholipids.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following groups includes carrier and channel proteins?",
"correctAnswerText":" Transport proteins",
"incorrectText1":" Receptor proteins",
"incorrectText2":" Recognition proteins",
"incorrectText3":" Connection proteins",
"categoryName":"Cell Membrane Structure..."
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"questionText":"Some of the most important molecules that are embedded within the bilayer membrane of a cell, such as the molecules that allow for transport and cell recognition, are",
"correctAnswerText":" glycoproteins.",
"incorrectText1":" steroids.",
"incorrectText2":" nucleic acids.",
"incorrectText3":" phospholipases.",
"categoryName":"Cell Membrane Structure..."
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"questionText":"Which of the following would NOT be found in a membrane?",
"correctAnswerText":" Cellulose",
"incorrectText1":" Cholesterol",
"incorrectText2":" Phospholipid",
"incorrectText3":" Channel protein",
"categoryName":"Cell Membrane Structure..."
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"itemId":"3WI7OIP8",
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"questionText":"Cell membranes do all of the following EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" provide shape and structure to a cell.",
"incorrectText1":" isolate the cell's contents from the external environment.",
"incorrectText2":" allow communication between cells.",
"incorrectText3":" regulate the movement of substances between the cell and the interstitial fluid.",
"categoryName":"Cell Membrane Structure..."
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"questionText":"Which of the following types of membrane proteins are responsible for facilitated diffusion?",
"correctAnswerText":" Transport proteins",
"incorrectText1":" Recognition proteins",
"incorrectText2":" Enzymes",
"incorrectText3":" Receptor proteins",
"categoryName":"Cell Membrane Structure..."
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"questionText":"Which of the following types of membrane proteins are responsible for maintaining cell shape by linking the membrane protein with the cytoskeleton?",
"correctAnswerText":" Connection proteins",
"incorrectText1":" Transport proteins",
"incorrectText2":" Recognition proteins",
"incorrectText3":" Enzymes",
"categoryName":"Cell Membrane Structure..."
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"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following has the greatest amount of kinetic energy?",
"correctAnswerText":" A moving car",
"incorrectText1":" A tank of gasoline",
"incorrectText2":" A hot car engine",
"incorrectText3":" The cool air surrounding the car engine",
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{
"itemId":"5UMVKFFR",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following does NOT have much potential energy?",
"correctAnswerText":" A ball that has rolled downhill and stopped",
"incorrectText1":" A water droplet at the top of a waterfall",
"incorrectText2":" A glucose molecule",
"incorrectText3":" A diver on a springboard",
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"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"All of the following statements are true of the first law of thermodynamics EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" the amount of useful energy decreases.",
"incorrectText1":" the first law of thermodynamics is often called the law of the conservation of energy.",
"incorrectText2":" the total amount of energy within an isolated system remains the same.",
"incorrectText3":" one form of energy may be converted to a different form of energy.",
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"itemId":"D41HJLCA",
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"questionText":"In an isolated system, all of the following are true of the second law of thermodynamics EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" all chemical reactions release more energy than they consume.",
"incorrectText1":" the amount of useful energy decreases.",
"incorrectText2":" reactions cause energy to be converted from more useful to less useful forms.",
"incorrectText3":" there is a natural tendency toward greater disorder of the organization of matter.",
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"itemId":"6VUMYN0O",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Entropy is a measure of an increase in",
"correctAnswerText":" randomness.",
"incorrectText1":" orderliness.",
"incorrectText2":" high-level energy.",
"incorrectText3":" potential energy.",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow in the Life of..."
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{
"itemId":"MUO7VGYG",
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"questionText":"How is your body able to work against the effects of entropy?",
"correctAnswerText":" Eating a balanced diet",
"incorrectText1":" Regular exercise",
"incorrectText2":" Sunbathing",
"incorrectText3":" Regular work",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow in the Life of..."
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"itemId":"VV0YFCYH",
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"questionText":"Each of the following requires 12 carbon atoms. Which of the arrangements of carbon atoms has the greatest entropy?",
"correctAnswerText":" 12 molecules of carbon dioxide, CO2",
"incorrectText1":" 1 molecule of the disaccharide maltose, C12H22O11",
"incorrectText2":" 2 molecules of the monosaccharide glucose, C6H12O6",
"incorrectText3":" 4 molecules of the monosaccharide pyruvate, C3H4O3",
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"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
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"questionText":"Energy that is not converted to useful energy is usually given off as",
"correctAnswerText":" heat.",
"incorrectText1":" radioactivity.",
"incorrectText2":" electricity.",
"incorrectText3":" light.",
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"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"During photosynthesis, plants convert light energy to chemical energy. This is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" the first law of thermodynamics.",
"incorrectText1":" increasing entropy.",
"incorrectText2":" chemical equilibrium.",
"incorrectText3":" the second law of thermodynamics.",
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"questionText":"Similar to a car, a human body is about ________ efficient in converting chemical energy to movement.",
"correctAnswerText":"25%",
"incorrectText1":"1%",
"incorrectText2":"75%",
"incorrectText3":"95%",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow in the Life of..."
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"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following is part of the first law of thermodynamics?",
"correctAnswerText":" Energy cannot be created or destroyed.",
"incorrectText1":" Kinetic energy is stored energy.",
"incorrectText2":" Energy cannot be transferred or transformed.",
"incorrectText3":" Exergonic reactions are coupled with endergonic reactions.",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow in the Life of..."
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"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"How is it possible for living organisms to comply with the second law of thermodynamics?",
"correctAnswerText":" Sunlight functions as an ultimate source of energy for most forms of life on Earth.",
"incorrectText1":" Chemical reactions inside cells mostly cause an increase in high-level energy.",
"incorrectText2":" Living organisms are totally isolated systems that are not subject to the laws of physics.",
"incorrectText3":" Living organisms are unique in that they do not require energy for survival.",
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"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"What is the ultimate source of energy for almost all forms of life on Earth?",
"correctAnswerText":" Solar energy",
"incorrectText1":" Heat energy",
"incorrectText2":" Thermal energy",
"incorrectText3":" Chemical energy",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow in the Life of..."
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"itemId":"28AO22EH",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In exergonic chemical reactions",
"correctAnswerText":" the reactants have more energy than the products.",
"incorrectText1":" energy is stored by the reactions.",
"incorrectText2":" the reactants have less energy than the products.",
"incorrectText3":" the reactants and products possess equal amounts of energy.",
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"questionText":"When solid sodium hydroxide is added to water, the solution gets hot. This is an example of a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" exergonic process.",
"incorrectText1":" endergonic process.",
"incorrectText2":" enzyme-catalyzed process.",
"incorrectText3":" release of activation energy.",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow in the Life of..."
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"itemId":"WP5ZPEOA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Why is photosynthesis considered an endergonic reaction?",
"correctAnswerText":" Low-energy reactants are converted to high-energy products.",
"incorrectText1":" Activation energy is not required.",
"incorrectText2":" Photosynthesis does not comply with the physical laws of the universe.",
"incorrectText3":" Sugar has less energy than the sun.",
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"questionText":"Activation energy is necessary for all ________ reactions.",
"correctAnswerText":" chemical",
"incorrectText1":" exergonic",
"incorrectText2":" endergonic",
"incorrectText3":" coupled",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow in the Life of..."
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"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
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"questionText":"When, if ever, do molecules stop moving?",
"correctAnswerText":" at absolute zero (-273.15°",
"incorrectText1":" at the freezing point (0°",
"incorrectText2":" at the boiling point (100°",
"incorrectText3":" never",
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"questionText":"An ________ chemical reaction releases energy, whereas an ________ reaction requires an input of energy.",
"correctAnswerText":" exergonic; endergonic",
"incorrectText1":" endergonic; exergonic",
"incorrectText2":" enzymatic; endergonic",
"incorrectText3":" endergonic; enzymatic",
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"questionText":"In the liver, the polysaccharide glycogen is broken down into glucose monomers. The glucose molecules are then released into the blood when blood sugar levels need to be raised. This process is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.",
"correctAnswerText":" exergonic",
"incorrectText1":" endergonic",
"incorrectText2":" kinetic",
"incorrectText3":" potential",
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"questionText":"Imagine you are conducting an experiment on a yeast enzyme known as sucrase. This enzyme is used by yeast cells to break down sucrose into glucose and fructose. What type of reaction is this?",
"correctAnswerText":" Exergonic",
"incorrectText1":" Metergonic",
"incorrectText2":" Endergonic",
"incorrectText3":" Spontaneous",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow in the Life of..."
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"questionText":"Which of the following is the best description of a coupled reaction?",
"correctAnswerText":" Two reactions that involve one providing energy for the other",
"incorrectText1":" Two reactions that occur simultaneously",
"incorrectText2":" A reaction that occurs right after another reaction",
"incorrectText3":" Two reactions that occur in the same organelle",
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"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Why is photosynthesis a coupled reaction?",
"correctAnswerText":" An exergonic reaction occurs in the sun, and an endergonic reaction occurs in the plant.",
"incorrectText1":" The exergonic reaction occurs in the plant, and the endergonic reaction occurs in the soil.",
"incorrectText2":" The exergonic reaction occurs in the plant, and the endergonic reaction occurs in the sun.",
"incorrectText3":" Photosynthesis requires a couple of reactants: carbon dioxide and water.",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow in the Life of..."
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"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The most common energy carrier molecule in living organisms is",
"correctAnswerText":" ATP.",
"incorrectText1":" ADP.",
"incorrectText2":" DNA.",
"incorrectText3":" glucose.",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow in the Life of..."
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"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"A high-energy bond in an ATP molecule is located between",
"correctAnswerText":" two phosphate groups.",
"incorrectText1":" adenine and ribose.",
"incorrectText2":" ribose and the first phosphate group.",
"incorrectText3":" adenine and the first phosphate group.",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow in the Life of..."
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"questionText":"Before photosynthesis evolved, ________ was rare in Earth's atmosphere.",
"correctAnswerText":" O2",
"incorrectText1":" N2",
"incorrectText2":" CO2",
"incorrectText3":" H2O",
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"questionText":"The products of photosynthesis are",
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"incorrectText3":" glucose and carbon dioxide.",
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"questionText":"What structural feature of a leaf enables it to obtain CO2 from the air?",
"correctAnswerText":" Stomata",
"incorrectText1":" Epidermis",
"incorrectText2":" Cuticle",
"incorrectText3":" Mesophyll",
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"questionText":"The vast majority of chloroplasts found in a leaf are in the",
"correctAnswerText":" mesophyll.",
"incorrectText1":" vascular bundles.",
"incorrectText2":" cuticle.",
"incorrectText3":" epidermis.",
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"itemId":"6VUMYN0O",
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"questionText":"Specifically, molecules of chlorophyll are located in the membranes of sacs called",
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"incorrectText1":" stoma.",
"incorrectText2":" stroma.",
"incorrectText3":" grana.",
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"questionText":"All of the following factors influence the rate of photosynthesis EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" atmospheric N2 levels.",
"incorrectText1":" light intensity.",
"incorrectText2":" temperature.",
"incorrectText3":" atmospheric CO2 levels.",
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"itemId":"VV0YFCYH",
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"questionText":"All of the following compounds are necessary constituents for photosynthesis EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" oxygen.",
"incorrectText1":" ATP.",
"incorrectText2":" NADP.",
"incorrectText3":" water.",
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"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The cellular organelle that utilizes sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen is the",
"correctAnswerText":" chloroplast.",
"incorrectText1":" thylakoid.",
"incorrectText2":" mitochondrion.",
"incorrectText3":" endoplasmic reticulum.",
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"itemId":"KI7116J4",
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"questionText":"Imagine that a scientist discovers a mutant plant seedling that appears to lack stomata. What would be the effect of this?",
"correctAnswerText":" CO2 would not be able to enter the plant as a reactant for photosynthesis.",
"incorrectText1":" Water would not be able to enter the plant as a reactant for photosynthesis.",
"incorrectText2":" Visible wavelengths of light would be unable to reach the chloroplasts.",
"incorrectText3":" Additional ATP would be produced by the seedling, and the plant would grow taller.",
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"itemId":"1J3KH69F",
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"questionText":"Imagine that a plant in your garden doesn't receive an adequate amount of water. Which of the following would be most affected by this?",
"correctAnswerText":" both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis",
"incorrectText1":" the light reactions of photosynthesis only",
"incorrectText2":" the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis only",
"incorrectText3":" neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis",
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"questionText":"Albino corn has no chlorophyll. You would expect albino corn seedlings to",
"correctAnswerText":" fail to thrive because they cannot capture light energy.",
"incorrectText1":" capture light energy in the white end of the visible light spectrum.",
"incorrectText2":" synthesize glucose indefinitely, using stored ATP and NADPH.",
"incorrectText3":" switch from the C4 pathway to the CAM pathway.",
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"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The energy required for photosynthesis to occur is",
"correctAnswerText":" visible light.",
"incorrectText1":" glucose.",
"incorrectText2":" ultraviolet light.",
"incorrectText3":" air.",
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"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In the chloroplast, energy in sunlight is passed around different chlorophyll molecules until it reaches a specific chlorophyll molecule that can transfer energy in sunlight to an energized electron. This chlorophyll molecule is called the",
"correctAnswerText":" reaction center.",
"incorrectText1":" photoelectric point.",
"incorrectText2":" electron carrier molecule.",
"incorrectText3":" accessory pigment.",
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"itemId":"28AO22EH",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Carotenoid pigments are found in the",
"correctAnswerText":" thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts.",
"incorrectText1":" mitochondria.",
"incorrectText2":" stroma of the chloroplasts.",
"incorrectText3":" nucleus.",
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"itemId":"T2XDOHVK",
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"questionText":"Pigments that absorb light energy to drive photosynthesis include which of the following?",
"correctAnswerText":" Chlorophyll and carotenoids",
"incorrectText1":" Chlorophyll only",
"incorrectText2":" Carotenoids only",
"incorrectText3":" Anthocyanins only",
"categoryName":"Capturing Solar Energy"
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"itemId":"WP5ZPEOA",
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"questionText":"A pigment that absorbs red and blue light and reflects green light is",
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"incorrectText1":" phycocyanin.",
"incorrectText2":" carotenoid.",
"incorrectText3":" xanthophyll.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is NOT true of chlorophyll?",
"correctAnswerText":" It is found in mitochondria.",
"incorrectText1":" It reflects green wavelengths of light.",
"incorrectText2":" It absorbs light at the red and blue ends of the spectrum.",
"incorrectText3":" It is the main photosynthetic pigment in plants.",
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"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Suppose that you are experimenting with different types of lighting for your indoor green plants. Which of the following colors of light will be most effective?",
"correctAnswerText":" Red-blue",
"incorrectText1":" Green",
"incorrectText2":" Orange-yellow",
"incorrectText3":" Black",
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"itemId":"228X6V3K",
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"questionText":"Which statement is true regarding the light reactions?",
"correctAnswerText":" Without water, the system would shut down.",
"incorrectText1":" They rely on energy provided by glucose synthesis.",
"incorrectText2":" Oxygen is required.",
"incorrectText3":" ATP and NADPH are needed.",
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"itemId":"JWWD0R5U",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The replacement electrons for the reaction center of photosystem II come from",
"correctAnswerText":" H2O.",
"incorrectText1":" photosystem I.",
"incorrectText2":" glucose.",
"incorrectText3":" O2.",
"categoryName":"Capturing Solar Energy"
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"itemId":"LSUV73ZY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which sequence accurately describes the flow of electrons in photosynthesis?",
"correctAnswerText":" H2O → photosystem II → photosystem I → NADP",
"incorrectText1":" Photosystem I → photosystem II → H2O → NADP",
"incorrectText2":" Photosystem II → photosystem I → NADP → H2O",
"incorrectText3":" Photosystem I → photosystem II → NADP → H2O",
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"itemId":"H5D3Q60F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The ATP and NADPH synthesized during the light reactions are",
"correctAnswerText":" moved to the stroma.",
"incorrectText1":" dissolved in the cytoplasm.",
"incorrectText2":" transported to the mitochondria.",
"incorrectText3":" pumped into a compartment within the thylakoid membrane.",
"categoryName":"Capturing Solar Energy"
},
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"itemId":"3WI7OIP8",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"What is produced in the electron transport system associated with photosystem II?",
"correctAnswerText":" ATP",
"incorrectText1":" NADPH",
"incorrectText2":" Glucose",
"incorrectText3":" O2",
"categoryName":"Capturing Solar Energy"
},
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"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Light reactions produce",
"correctAnswerText":" ATP, NADPH, and O2.",
"incorrectText1":" ATP, NADPH, and CO2.",
"incorrectText2":" glucose, ATP, and O2.",
"incorrectText3":" glucose, ATP, and CO2.",
"categoryName":"Capturing Solar Energy"
},
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"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Where does the O2 released during photosynthesis come from?",
"correctAnswerText":" H2O",
"incorrectText1":" CO2",
"incorrectText2":" ATP",
"incorrectText3":" C6H12O6",
"categoryName":"Capturing Solar Energy"
}
]},
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"questionText":"At the end of glycolysis, the original carbons of the glucose molecule form",
"correctAnswerText":" two molecules of pyruvate.",
"incorrectText1":" six molecules of carbon dioxide.",
"incorrectText2":" two molecules of NADH.",
"incorrectText3":" two molecules of citric acid.",
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"questionText":"The anaerobic breakdown of glucose is called",
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"incorrectText3":" the molecule that all living cells rely on to do work.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following statements is true of glycolysis?",
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"incorrectText3":" It can be performed only by bacteria.",
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"questionText":"The main function of cellular respiration is to produce",
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"questionText":"In cells, about ________ of the chemical energy in a metabolized glucose molecule is used for ATP production and the rest is released as heat.",
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"questionText":"If no oxygen is available to a cell, then the net ATP production resulting from the metabolism of a single glucose molecule is",
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"incorrectText1":" no ATP.",
"incorrectText2":" 1 ATP molecule.",
"incorrectText3":" 32 ATP molecules.",
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"questionText":"Which event occurs in the fluid portion of the cytoplasm of a cell undergoing glucose metabolism?",
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"incorrectText2":" Electron transport",
"incorrectText3":" Chemiosmosis",
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"questionText":"Where does the synthesis of pyruvate occur during glycolysis?",
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"incorrectText3":" Mitochondrial matrix",
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"questionText":"What molecule is common to both C3 photosynthesis and the process of glycolysis?",
"correctAnswerText":" G3P",
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"incorrectText2":" Acetyl CoA",
"incorrectText3":" Fructose",
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"questionText":"Which kind of metabolic poison would interfere with the glycolysis stage of cellular respiration?",
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"incorrectText2":" An agent that binds to lactate and inactivates it",
"incorrectText3":" An agent that reacts with FADH2 and oxidizes it FAD+",
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"questionText":"The end product of glycolysis is",
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"incorrectText2":" one G3P molecule.",
"incorrectText3":" one lactate molecule.",
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"questionText":"During glycolysis in the energy-investing stage, two ATP molecules are spent in order to convert glucose to the highly reactive molecule",
"correctAnswerText":" fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.",
"incorrectText1":" glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.",
"incorrectText2":" FADH2.",
"incorrectText3":" NADH.",
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"questionText":"In the first reaction of glycolysis, glucose receives a phosphate group from ATP. This reaction is",
"correctAnswerText":" endergonic.",
"incorrectText1":" respiration.",
"incorrectText2":" fermentation.",
"incorrectText3":" exergonic.",
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"questionText":"For bacteria to continue growing rapidly when they shift from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic environment, they must",
"correctAnswerText":" increase the rate of glycolysis.",
"incorrectText1":" increase the rate of the Krebs cycle.",
"incorrectText2":" produce more ATP per molecule of glucose during glycolysis.",
"incorrectText3":" produce ATP using NADH.",
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"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
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"questionText":"During the first of part of glycolysis",
"correctAnswerText":" two ATP molecules are used to make one fructose bisphosphate molecule.",
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"incorrectText2":" there is a net gain of two ATP molecules.",
"incorrectText3":" fructose bisphosphate is split into two G3P molecules.",
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"itemId":"228X6V3K",
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"questionText":"The products of glycolysis are:",
"correctAnswerText":" ATP, NADH, and pyruvate.",
"incorrectText1":" ATP, NADH, pyruvate, and FADH2.",
"incorrectText2":" ATP, NADH, and acetyl CoA.",
"incorrectText3":" ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2.",
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"questionText":"During cellular respiration, the pyruvate produced in glycolysis is",
"correctAnswerText":" the source of electrons for NADH and FADH2.",
"incorrectText1":" transported out of the mitochondria.",
"incorrectText2":" broken down to O2 and hydrogen.",
"incorrectText3":" converted to lactate or ethanol.",
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"questionText":"During which step of aerobic respiration is oxygen used?",
"correctAnswerText":" Electron transport system",
"incorrectText1":" Glycolysis",
"incorrectText2":" Fermentation",
"incorrectText3":" Krebs cycle",
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"questionText":"We breathe more heavily during exercise because our cells",
"correctAnswerText":" are producing more CO2.",
"incorrectText1":" need more ADP.",
"incorrectText2":" need more glucose.",
"incorrectText3":"",
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"questionText":"Some of the CO2 that is exhaled during breathing is created during",
"correctAnswerText":" the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.",
"incorrectText1":" glycolysis.",
"incorrectText2":" the reduction of oxygen in the electron transport chain.",
"incorrectText3":" chemiosmosis.",
"categoryName":"Harvesting Energy"
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"questionText":"The metabolic breakdown of one molecule of glucose generates the greatest amount of ATP energy during",
"correctAnswerText":" electron transport.",
"incorrectText1":" glycolysis.",
"incorrectText2":" the Krebs cycle.",
"incorrectText3":" mitochondrial matrix reactions.",
"categoryName":"Harvesting Energy"
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"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
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"questionText":"How many CO2 molecules are generated from each pyruvate that enters the mitochondria?",
"correctAnswerText":" Three",
"incorrectText1":" One",
"incorrectText2":" Two",
"incorrectText3":" Four",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is true of cell division?",
"correctAnswerText":" Each daughter cell contains half of the cytoplasm from the parent cell.",
"incorrectText1":" Three daughter cells are produced from one parent cell.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following statements about stem cells is true?",
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"incorrectText2":" They are found only in embryos and in the bone marrow of adults.",
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"questionText":"The DNA in a chromosome most resembles",
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"questionText":"All of the following may be found in a DNA nucleotide EXCEPT:",
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"incorrectText2":" adenine.",
"incorrectText3":" thymine.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is the correct structure of a nucleotide?",
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"incorrectText2":" Phosphate-sugar-phosphate",
"incorrectText3":" Phospholipid-base-sugar",
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"questionText":"Genetic inheritance is based on what type of molecule?",
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"incorrectText3":" mRNA",
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"questionText":"In DNA, phosphate binds to",
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"incorrectText2":" ribose.",
"incorrectText3":" other phosphate molecules.",
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"questionText":"The repeating sequence of cells dividing, growing, and dividing again is called",
"correctAnswerText":" the cell cycle.",
"incorrectText1":" stem cell differentiation.",
"incorrectText2":" homologous differentiation.",
"incorrectText3":" fission.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is an example of asexual reproduction in eukaryotes?",
"correctAnswerText":" Budding in Hydra",
"incorrectText1":" Prokaryotic fission in E. coli",
"incorrectText2":" Meiosis in plants",
"incorrectText3":" The union of sperm and egg in sea urchins",
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"questionText":"Which of the following are permanently differentiated cells?",
"correctAnswerText":" Most brain cells",
"incorrectText1":" Stem cells",
"incorrectText2":" Bone marrow cells",
"incorrectText3":" Newly formed daughter cells",
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"questionText":"As a result of mitosis, each of your body cells",
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"incorrectText1":" contains unique genetic information.",
"incorrectText2":" contains only the genetic information needed for that type of cell.",
"incorrectText3":" changes genetically as you grow and develop.",
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"questionText":"When a cell divides via asexual reproduction",
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"incorrectText1":" each daughter cell receives exactly half the genetic information in the parent cell.",
"incorrectText2":" each daughter cell receives the same amount of genetic information that was in the parent cell, but it has been altered.",
"incorrectText3":" the genetic information is randomly parceled out to the daughter cells.",
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"questionText":"A bacterial cell splits into two new cells by a process called",
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"incorrectText1":" duplication.",
"incorrectText2":" forming a cell plate.",
"incorrectText3":" forming a cell furrow.",
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"questionText":"The genetic material in bacteria consists of",
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"incorrectText1":" several circular DNA molecules.",
"incorrectText2":" one circular RNA molecule.",
"incorrectText3":" many rod-like DNA molecules with protein.",
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"questionText":"What is the longest-lasting phase of the prokaryotic cell cycle?",
"correctAnswerText":" Cell growth and DNA replication",
"incorrectText1":" Meiosis",
"incorrectText2":" Prokaryotic fission",
"incorrectText3":" Fission of the plasma membranes at the cell equator",
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"questionText":"Under ideal conditions, the prokaryotic cell cycle can",
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"incorrectText1":" skip prokaryotic fission.",
"incorrectText2":" involve sexual reproduction.",
"incorrectText3":" create more than two daughter cells per cell division.",
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"questionText":"How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes differ?",
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"incorrectText1":" Prokaryotic chromosomes are not made from nucleotides.",
"incorrectText2":" Eukaryotic chromosomes occur singly, and prokaryotic chromosomes occur as pairs.",
"incorrectText3":" Genetic information is stored as DNA in eukaryotic cells and as proteins in prokaryotic cells.",
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"questionText":"In prokaryotes, the DNA molecule is",
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"incorrectText2":" single-stranded.",
"incorrectText3":" made of sugars and lipids.",
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"questionText":"In prokaryotes, the term prokaryotic fission specifically refers to",
"correctAnswerText":" asexual reproduction.",
"incorrectText1":" the attachment of replicated DNA to the plasma membrane.",
"incorrectText2":" the growth phase of the cell cycle.",
"incorrectText3":" the addition of a new plasma membrane between what will become two daughter cells.",
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"questionText":"In prokaryotes, the daughter cells produced by prokaryotic fission",
"correctAnswerText":" are, with the exception of random mutations, genetically identical to the parent cell.",
"incorrectText1":" contain half the DNA of the original parent cell.",
"incorrectText2":" cannot replicate themselves.",
"incorrectText3":" can reproduce either by prokaryotic fission or by the production of gametes.",
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"questionText":"What is the function of the histones that are found in a chromosome?",
"correctAnswerText":" They bind the DNA into a supercoiled structure.",
"incorrectText1":" They bind nucleotides together to form a single strand of DNA.",
"incorrectText2":" They contain the genes that code for various traits.",
"incorrectText3":" They hold the DNA strands together in a form called the double helix.",
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"questionText":"How many nucleotides are in a human chromosome?",
"correctAnswerText":" Millions",
"incorrectText1":" Two",
"incorrectText2":" Four",
"incorrectText3":" Thousands",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is the longest?",
"correctAnswerText":" An uncondensed eukaryotic chromosome",
"incorrectText1":" A condensed prokaryotic chromosome",
"incorrectText2":" An uncondensed prokaryotic chromosome",
"incorrectText3":" A condensed eukaryotic chromosome",
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"questionText":"The two ends of a single chromosome are called",
"correctAnswerText":" telomeres.",
"incorrectText1":" genes.",
"incorrectText2":" loci.",
"incorrectText3":" chromatids.",
"categoryName":"The Continuity of Life"
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"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
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"questionText":"The site on a chromosome where microtubules attach during cell division is the",
"correctAnswerText":" centromere.",
"incorrectText1":" histone.",
"incorrectText2":" locus.",
"incorrectText3":" telomere.",
"categoryName":"The Continuity of Life"
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"questionText":"Gregor Mendel concluded that each pea has two units for each trait, and each gamete contains one unit. Mendel's units are now called",
"correctAnswerText":"genes.",
"incorrectText1":"  characters.",
"incorrectText2":"  chromosomes.",
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"questionText":"If the allele for inflated pea pods (I) is dominant to the allele for constricted pods (i), then the cross Ii x ii is expected to produce",
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"incorrectText1":"  all peas with inflated pods.",
"incorrectText2":"  all peas with constricted pods.",
"incorrectText3":"  3/4 with inflated and 1/4 with constricted pods.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
},
{
"itemId":"6VUMYN0O",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"According to the law of segregation",
"correctAnswerText":"  pairs of alleles separate during the formation of gametes.",
"incorrectText1":"  each individual carries a single copy of each factor.",
"incorrectText2":"  pairs of alleles fuse during the formation of gametes.",
"incorrectText3":"  the sex chromosomes of males and females differ.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
},
{
"itemId":"MUO7VGYG",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"According to the law of segregation, in an organism with the genotype Aa",
"correctAnswerText":"  half the gametes have A and half have a.",
"incorrectText1":"  all the gametes have gene A.",
"incorrectText2":"  all the gametes have gene a.",
"incorrectText3":"  3/4 of the gametes have A and 1/4 have a.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
},
{
"itemId":"VV0YFCYH",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"A recessive allele is one",
"correctAnswerText":"  whose effect is masked by a dominant allele.",
"incorrectText1":"  that is not expressed as strongly as a dominant allele.",
"incorrectText2":"  that appears only in a heterozygote.",
"incorrectText3":"  that produces no effect when present in the homozygous condition.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
},
{
"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following statements about genotypes and phenotypes is true?",
"correctAnswerText":"  Individuals with the same phenotype might have different genotypes.",
"incorrectText1":"  Matings between individuals with dominant phenotypes cannot produce offspring with recessive phenotypes.",
"incorrectText2":"  Matings between individuals with recessive phenotypes produce offspring with dominant phenotypes.",
"incorrectText3":"  Individuals with the same genotype might have different phenotypes.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
},
{
"itemId":"KI7116J4",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"If, in a heterozygous individual, only one allele is expressed in the phenotype, that allele is",
"correctAnswerText":"  dominant.",
"incorrectText1":"  normal.",
"incorrectText2":"  haploid.",
"incorrectText3":"  potent.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
},
{
"itemId":"1J3KH69F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The physical manifestation of an organism's genes is its",
"correctAnswerText":"  phenotype.",
"incorrectText1":"  environment.",
"incorrectText2":"  genotype.",
"incorrectText3":"  genetic code.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
},
{
"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"When the two gametes that fuse to form a zygote contain different alleles of a given gene, the offspring is",
"correctAnswerText":"  heterozygous.",
"incorrectText1":"  haploid.",
"incorrectText2":"  abnormal.",
"incorrectText3":"  homozygous.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
},
{
"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"If we cross two pea plants, each heterozygous for yellow seed color genes, the expected ratio of yellow:green among the offspring will be",
"correctAnswerText":"  75% yellow:25% green.",
"incorrectText1":"  25% yellow:75% green.",
"incorrectText2":"  50% yellow:50% green.",
"incorrectText3":"  100% yellow.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
},
{
"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"What type of allele produces its effects in only homozygous individuals?",
"correctAnswerText":"  Recessive",
"incorrectText1":"  Dominant",
"incorrectText2":"  Haploid",
"incorrectText3":"  Diploid",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
},
{
"itemId":"28AO22EH",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"When alleles on homologous chromosomes move into different gametes during meiosis, this demonstrates",
"correctAnswerText":"  segregation.",
"incorrectText1":"  dominance.",
"incorrectText2":"  recessive inheritance.",
"incorrectText3":"  fertilization.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
},
{
"itemId":"T2XDOHVK",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Round pea shape is dominant over wrinkled pea shape. If a round pea has a wrinkled parent, the round pea is",
"correctAnswerText":"  Rr.",
"incorrectText1":"  RR.",
"incorrectText2":"  rr.",
"incorrectText3":"  haploid.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
},
{
"itemId":"WP5ZPEOA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Mendel's law of segregation states that",
"correctAnswerText":"  members of a pair of alleles move away from each other during gamete formation.",
"incorrectText1":"  each gamete receives a full complement of chromosomes.",
"incorrectText2":"  there may be alternative forms of the same gene.",
"incorrectText3":"  genes end up in their respective gametes by chance.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
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"itemId":"L0Z6ERSL",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"When Mendel used true-breeding white flowers and true-breeding purple flowers as the parental generation, what were the results? (Purple flower is dominant over white.)",
"correctAnswerText":"  All the offspring had purple flowers.",
"incorrectText1":"  All the offspring had white flowers.",
"incorrectText2":"  3/4 of the flowers produced were purple and 1/4 were white.",
"incorrectText3":"  3/4 of the flowers produced were white and 1/4 were purple.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
},
{
"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The genetic makeup of an individual is the",
"correctAnswerText":"  genotype.",
"incorrectText1":"  phenotype.",
"incorrectText2":"  sex cell.",
"incorrectText3":"  mutation.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
},
{
"itemId":"228X6V3K",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The results of a test cross reveal that all the offspring resemble the parent being tested. This parent must be",
"correctAnswerText":"  homozygous.",
"incorrectText1":"  heterozygous.",
"incorrectText2":"  recessive.",
"incorrectText3":"  self-pollinated.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
},
{
"itemId":"JWWD0R5U",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"A Mendelian test cross is used to determine whether",
"correctAnswerText":"  an individual is homozygous or heterozygous.",
"incorrectText1":"  an allele is dominant or recessive.",
"incorrectText2":"  flowers are purple or white.",
"incorrectText3":"  the genotype or phenotype is more important.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
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{
"itemId":"LSUV73ZY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Yellow-seeded pea plants may be homozygous or heterozygous. To find out which, we can cross the plants with:",
"correctAnswerText":"  true-breeding green-seeded plants.",
"incorrectText1":"  true-breeding yellow-seeded plants.",
"incorrectText2":"  heterozygous green-seeded plants.",
"incorrectText3":"  heterozygous yellow-seeded plants.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
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{
"itemId":"H5D3Q60F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In a test cross, what percentage of the offspring will have the same phenotype as the tested parent if the parent to be tested is homozygous?",
"correctAnswerText":"100%",
"incorrectText1":"25%",
"incorrectText2":"50%",
"incorrectText3":"75%",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
},
{
"itemId":"3WI7OIP8",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"What is the genotype of a dominant individual if some of its offspring show the recessive phenotype?",
"correctAnswerText":"  Dd",
"incorrectText1":"  DD",
"incorrectText2":"  dd",
"incorrectText3":"  either DD or Dd",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
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{
"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Crossing spherical-seeded pea plants with dented-seeded pea plants resulted in progeny that all had spherical seeds. This indicates that the dented-seed trait is",
"correctAnswerText":"  recessive only.",
"incorrectText1":"  codominant only.",
"incorrectText2":"  dominant only.",
"incorrectText3":"  codominant and dominant.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
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"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"A pea plant with red flowers is test crossed; half of the resulting progeny have red flowers, whereas the other half have white flowers. The genotype of the test-crossed parent was",
"correctAnswerText":"  Rr.",
"incorrectText1":"  RR.",
"incorrectText2":"  rr.",
"incorrectText3":"  either RR or Rr.",
"categoryName":"Pattern of Inheritance"
}
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"itemId":"1AWU4IP3",
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"questionText":"The hereditary material present in all cells is",
"correctAnswerText":" DNA.",
"incorrectText1":" protein.",
"incorrectText2":" RNA.",
"incorrectText3":" R-strain.",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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{
"itemId":"5UMVKFFR",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"What was the most significant conclusion of Griffith's experiments with pneumonia in mice?",
"correctAnswerText":" There is a substance present in dead bacteria that can cause a heritable change in living bacteria.",
"incorrectText1":" Mice exposed to the S-strain bacterium became resistant to the R-strain bacterium.",
"incorrectText2":" The genetic material was definitively proven to be DNA.",
"incorrectText3":" S-strain bacteria can cause pneumonia.",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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{
"itemId":"6M7C6Z9W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"What is the relationship among DNA, a gene, and a chromosome?",
"correctAnswerText":" A chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of DNA.",
"incorrectText1":" A chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of protein.",
"incorrectText2":" A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes, which are composed of protein.",
"incorrectText3":" A gene is composed of DNA, but it has no relationship to a chromosome.",
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"itemId":"D41HJLCA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In Griffith's experiments, what happened when heat-killed S-strain bacteria were injected into a mouse along with live R-strain bacteria?",
"correctAnswerText":" DNA from the heat-killed S-strain was taken up by the live R-strain, converting them to S-strain and killing the mouse.",
"incorrectText1":" DNA from the live R-strain was taken up by the heat-killed S-strain, converting them to R-strain and killing the mouse.",
"incorrectText2":" Proteins released from the heat-killed S-strain killed the mouse.",
"incorrectText3":" RNA from the heat-killed S-strain was translated into proteins that killed the mouse.",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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"itemId":"6VUMYN0O",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"When Griffith experimented with two types of Streptococcus pneumoniae, he found that if the",
"correctAnswerText":" nondeadly strain was mixed with the heat-killed, deadly strain before injection, the mice died.",
"incorrectText1":" deadly strain was heat-killed before injection, the mice died.",
"incorrectText2":" nondeadly strain was mixed with the heat-killed, nondeadly strain before injection, the mice died.",
"incorrectText3":" nondeadly strain was mixed with the heat-killed, deadly strain before injection, the mice lived.",
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{
"itemId":"MUO7VGYG",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"DNA possesses",
"correctAnswerText":" C, T, A, and G bases.",
"incorrectText1":" A, U, G, and C bases.",
"incorrectText2":" only C and T bases.",
"incorrectText3":" only A and G bases.",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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"itemId":"VV0YFCYH",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"If the quantities of the four bases in a DNA molecule are measured, we find that",
"correctAnswerText":" T = A and C = G.",
"incorrectText1":" A = C and G = T.",
"incorrectText2":" A = G and C = T.",
"incorrectText3":" no two bases are equal in amount.",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"If the DNA of a certain organism has guanine as 30% of its bases, then what percentage of its bases are adenine?",
"correctAnswerText":"20%",
"incorrectText1":"0%",
"incorrectText2":"10%",
"incorrectText3":"30%",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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"itemId":"KI7116J4",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"All of the following are found in DNA EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" a phospholipid group.",
"incorrectText1":" deoxyribose.",
"incorrectText2":" guanine.",
"incorrectText3":" a phosphate group.",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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{
"itemId":"1J3KH69F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"A DNA nucleotide is made up of",
"correctAnswerText":" phosphate-deoxyribose-base.",
"incorrectText1":" phospholipid-deoxyribose-base.",
"incorrectText2":" phosphate-deoxyribose-phosphate-deoxyribose.",
"incorrectText3":" adenine-thymine-guanine-cytosine.",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The rule formulated by Chargaff states that",
"correctAnswerText":" A = T and G = C in any molecule of DNA.",
"incorrectText1":" A = C and G = T in any molecule of DNA.",
"incorrectText2":" A = G and C = T in any molecule of DNA.",
"incorrectText3":" A = U and G = C in any molecule of RNA.",
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"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA to determine which bases are in equal amounts, which of the following is true?",
"correctAnswerText":" A + C = G + T",
"incorrectText1":" A = C",
"incorrectText2":" A = G and C = T",
"incorrectText3":" A + T = C + G",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"By the early 1950s, many biologists realized that the key to understanding inheritance lay in the structure of",
"correctAnswerText":" DNA.",
"incorrectText1":" protein.",
"incorrectText2":" enzymes.",
"incorrectText3":" chromosomes.",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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"itemId":"28AO22EH",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The X-ray diffraction pattern for DNA suggested to Wilkins and Franklin all of the following features about DNA EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" in a DNA molecule, A pairs with T and G pairs with C.",
"incorrectText1":" a DNA molecule is helical.",
"incorrectText2":" a DNA molecule has a uniform diameter of 2 nanometers.",
"incorrectText3":" the DNA molecule consists of repeating subunits.",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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"itemId":"T2XDOHVK",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In DNA, phosphate groups bond to",
"correctAnswerText":" deoxyribose.",
"incorrectText1":" adenine.",
"incorrectText2":" ribose.",
"incorrectText3":" pyrimidine bases.",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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"itemId":"WP5ZPEOA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The sequence of subunits in the DNA backbone is",
"correctAnswerText":" -phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar-.",
"incorrectText1":" -base-phosphate-base-phosphate-base-phosphate-.",
"incorrectText2":" -sugar-base-sugar-base-sugar-base-sugar-base-.",
"incorrectText3":" -base-sugar-phosphate-base-sugar-phosphate-.",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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"itemId":"L0Z6ERSL",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Chargaff's rule for base pairing in DNA is that",
"correctAnswerText":" A bonds with T, and G bonds with C.",
"incorrectText1":" the amount of A = the amount of C, and the amount of G = the amount of T.",
"incorrectText2":" A bonds with C, and G bonds with T.",
"incorrectText3":" A bonds with G, and C bonds with T.",
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"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Complementary base pairs are held together by",
"correctAnswerText":" hydrogen bonds.",
"incorrectText1":" peptide bonds.",
"incorrectText2":" disulfide bonds.",
"incorrectText3":" covalent bonds.",
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"itemId":"228X6V3K",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The two polynucleotide chains in a DNA molecule are attached to each other by",
"correctAnswerText":" hydrogen bonds between bases.",
"incorrectText1":" covalent bonds between carbon atoms.",
"incorrectText2":" peptide bonds between amino acids.",
"incorrectText3":" ionic bonds between R groups in amino acids.",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
},
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"itemId":"JWWD0R5U",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In a DNA molecule, base pairing occurs between",
"correctAnswerText":" adenine and thymine.",
"incorrectText1":" adenine and guanine.",
"incorrectText2":" guanine and uracil.",
"incorrectText3":" thymine and cytosine.",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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"itemId":"LSUV73ZY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"If the DNA sequence is G-C-C-T-A-T in one polynucleotide chain, then the sequence found in the other polynucleotide chain must be",
"correctAnswerText":" C-G-G-A-T-A.",
"incorrectText1":" G-C-C-A-T-A.",
"incorrectText2":" C-G-G-A-U-A.",
"incorrectText3":" A-T-T-C-G-C.",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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"itemId":"H5D3Q60F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following is true in the Watson-Crick model of DNA?",
"correctAnswerText":" Four different types of bases are found in DNA.",
"incorrectText1":" Ribose always bonds to a nitrogenous base.",
"incorrectText2":" During replication, the phosphate groups are copied but the base sequence is not copied.",
"incorrectText3":" Phosphate groups always bond to ribose.",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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"itemId":"3WI7OIP8",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In the comparison of a DNA molecule to a twisted ladder, the uprights of the ladder are",
"correctAnswerText":" deoxyribose linked to phosphate.",
"incorrectText1":" nitrogenous bases linked together.",
"incorrectText2":" deoxyribose linked to sulfate.",
"incorrectText3":" nitrogenous bases linked to phosphate.",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In the comparison of a DNA molecule to a twisted ladder, the rungs of the ladder are",
"correctAnswerText":" nitrogenous bases linked together.",
"incorrectText1":" deoxyribose linked to phosphate.",
"incorrectText2":" deoxyribose linked to sulfate.",
"incorrectText3":" nitrogenous bases linked to phosphate.",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following is NOT true according to Chargaff's base pairing rule?",
"correctAnswerText":" A + T = G + C in amount.",
"incorrectText1":" A = T in amount.",
"incorrectText2":" G = C in amount.",
"incorrectText3":" A + G = T + C in amount.",
"categoryName":"The Molecule of Heredity"
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"questionText":"The sequence of nitrogen-containing bases on one strand of DNA most directly determines the sequence of",
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"incorrectText1":" fatty acids in a fat molecule.",
"incorrectText2":" sugars in a polysaccharide molecule.",
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"questionText":"The sequence of nitrogen-containing bases on one strand of DNA could determine all of the following EXCEPT the sequence of",
"correctAnswerText":" ribose and phosphate molecules in tRNA.",
"incorrectText1":" nitrogen-containing bases in mRNA.",
"incorrectText2":" amino acids in a protein molecule.",
"incorrectText3":" nitrogen-containing bases in the other DNA strand.",
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"questionText":"The 'one-gene, one-enzyme' hypothesis concluded that",
"correctAnswerText":" each allele codes for a single type of protein.",
"incorrectText1":" specific enzymes give rise to specific genes.",
"incorrectText2":" only certain genes function in cells.",
"incorrectText3":" enzymes regulate gene activity.",
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"itemId":"D41HJLCA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following is noted when comparing DNA and RNA?",
"correctAnswerText":" Adenine pairs with different bases in DNA and RNA.",
"incorrectText1":" No sugar is present in either molecule.",
"incorrectText2":" Hydrogen bonding is important only in DNA.",
"incorrectText3":" Only DNA has a backbone made up of sugars and phosphates.",
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"itemId":"6VUMYN0O",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is found in RNA but NOT in DNA?",
"correctAnswerText":" Uracil",
"incorrectText1":" Adenine",
"incorrectText2":" Thymine",
"incorrectText3":" Phosphate groups",
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"itemId":"MUO7VGYG",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Both DNA and RNA",
"correctAnswerText":" contain phosphate groups.",
"incorrectText1":" are single-stranded molecules.",
"incorrectText2":" contain the same four types of nitrogen-containing bases.",
"incorrectText3":" have the same five-carbon sugars.",
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"questionText":"How many consecutive mRNA bases are needed to specify an amino acid?",
"correctAnswerText":"3",
"incorrectText1":"4",
"incorrectText2":"20",
"incorrectText3":"64",
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},
{
"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"What is the total number of different possible combinations of bases in a codon?",
"correctAnswerText":"64",
"incorrectText1":"3",
"incorrectText2":"4",
"incorrectText3":"20",
"categoryName":"Gene Expression and Regulation"
},
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"itemId":"KI7116J4",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"If a bacterial protein is made from 30 amino acids, how many nucleotides are needed to code for its production?",
"correctAnswerText":"90",
"incorrectText1":"30",
"incorrectText2":"60",
"incorrectText3":"120",
"categoryName":"Gene Expression and Regulation"
},
{
"itemId":"1J3KH69F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The genetic material of some viruses, such as HIV, is not DNA but is instead",
"correctAnswerText":" RNA.",
"incorrectText1":" protein.",
"incorrectText2":" carbohydrate.",
"incorrectText3":" lipid.",
"categoryName":"Gene Expression and Regulation"
},
{
"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following molecules functions to transfer genetic information from one generation to the next?",
"correctAnswerText":" DNA",
"incorrectText1":" mRNA",
"incorrectText2":" tRNA",
"incorrectText3":" Protein molecules",
"categoryName":"Gene Expression and Regulation"
},
{
"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"If the sequence of bases in a section of DNA is TAGGCTAA, what is the corresponding sequence of bases in mRNA?",
"correctAnswerText":" AUCCGAUU",
"incorrectText1":" ATCCGATT",
"incorrectText2":" TAGGCTAA",
"incorrectText3":" CGAAUCGG",
"categoryName":"Gene Expression and Regulation"
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"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"How many bases are in a codon?",
"correctAnswerText":"3",
"incorrectText1":"4",
"incorrectText2":"20",
"incorrectText3":"64",
"categoryName":"Gene Expression and Regulation"
},
{
"itemId":"28AO22EH",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following has the fewest nucleotides in its strand?",
"correctAnswerText":" mRNA, having 75 nucleotides",
"incorrectText1":" mRNA, having 50 codons",
"incorrectText2":" Protein, having 40 amino acids",
"incorrectText3":" Protein, with 2 polypeptides, each having 35 amino acids",
"categoryName":"Gene Expression and Regulation"
},
{
"itemId":"T2XDOHVK",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The genetic code is",
"correctAnswerText":" read in sets of three bases called codons.",
"incorrectText1":" different in different organisms.",
"incorrectText2":" used during the translation of DNA to mRNA.",
"incorrectText3":" a set of two base sequences coding for each amino acid.",
"categoryName":"Gene Expression and Regulation"
},
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"itemId":"WP5ZPEOA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA is called",
"correctAnswerText":" transcription.",
"incorrectText1":" translation.",
"incorrectText2":" transformation.",
"incorrectText3":" replication.",
"categoryName":"Gene Expression and Regulation"
},
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"itemId":"L0Z6ERSL",
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"questionText":"Which of the following molecules transfers information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?",
"correctAnswerText":" mRNA",
"incorrectText1":" DNA",
"incorrectText2":" tRNA",
"incorrectText3":" Proteins",
"categoryName":"Gene Expression and Regulation"
},
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"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
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"questionText":"The nitrogenous base uracil pairs with",
"correctAnswerText":" adenine.",
"incorrectText1":" thymine.",
"incorrectText2":" guanine.",
"incorrectText3":" cytosine.",
"categoryName":"Gene Expression and Regulation"
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{
"itemId":"228X6V3K",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"How can RNA be distinguished from DNA?",
"correctAnswerText":" RNA is single-stranded.",
"incorrectText1":" RNA lacks the base uracil.",
"incorrectText2":" RNA does not contain a sugar.",
"incorrectText3":" RNA is never found in the nucleus.",
"categoryName":"Gene Expression and Regulation"
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"itemId":"JWWD0R5U",
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"questionText":"If a tRNA molecule that is specialized for the transfer of the amino acid valine has the anticodon CAG, it will couple with the codon",
"correctAnswerText":" GUC.",
"incorrectText1":" GAC.",
"incorrectText2":" GTC.",
"incorrectText3":" TUG.",
"categoryName":"Gene Expression and Regulation"
},
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"itemId":"LSUV73ZY",
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"questionText":"What is an anticodon?",
"correctAnswerText":" Three consecutive bases in tRNA",
"incorrectText1":" Four consecutive bases in tRNA",
"incorrectText2":" The beginning of a DNA molecule",
"incorrectText3":" Three consecutive bases in mRNA",
"categoryName":"Gene Expression and Regulation"
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"itemId":"H5D3Q60F",
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"questionText":"Transfer RNA",
"correctAnswerText":" brings amino acids to the ribosome.",
"incorrectText1":" is a nucleic acid that carries the code for the primary structure of a protein.",
"incorrectText2":" is a subunit of ribosomes.",
"incorrectText3":" transfers proteins into the nucleus.",
"categoryName":"Gene Expression and Regulation"
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"itemId":"3WI7OIP8",
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"questionText":"The type of RNA that binds to a specific amino acid is",
"correctAnswerText":" transfer RNA.",
"incorrectText1":" messenger RNA.",
"incorrectText2":" ribosomal RNA.",
"incorrectText3":" nuclear RNA.",
"categoryName":"Gene Expression and Regulation"
},
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"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
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"questionText":"What is the anticodon for AUC?",
"correctAnswerText":" UAG",
"incorrectText1":" TAG",
"incorrectText2":" AUC",
"incorrectText3":" GAU",
"categoryName":"Gene Expression and Regulation"
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"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
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"questionText":"Ribosomes are a collection of",
"correctAnswerText":" proteins and small RNAs that function in translation.",
"incorrectText1":" small proteins that function in translation.",
"incorrectText2":" proteins and tRNAs that function in transcription.",
"incorrectText3":" proteins and mRNAs that function in translation.",
"categoryName":"Gene Expression and Regulation"
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"questionText":"All of the following are goals of biotechnology EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" creating humans with higher intelligence levels.",
"incorrectText1":" generating economic benefits.",
"incorrectText2":" efficiently producing biologically important molecules.",
"incorrectText3":" improving agriculturally important food plants.",
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"questionText":"What is the term for manipulating the molecular basis of inheritance via recombinant DNA technology?",
"correctAnswerText":" Biotechnology",
"incorrectText1":" Mendelian genetics",
"incorrectText2":" DNA fingerprinting",
"incorrectText3":" Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is NOT a use for biotechnology?",
"correctAnswerText":" Altering the intelligence levels of newborn infants",
"incorrectText1":" Producing large quantities of particular human proteins",
"incorrectText2":" Producing effective and safe vaccines",
"incorrectText3":" Identifying human fetuses with particular genetic diseases",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"questionText":"The history of biotechnology spans",
"correctAnswerText":" at least 10,000 years.",
"incorrectText1":" fewer than 50 years.",
"incorrectText2":" around 100 to 150 years.",
"incorrectText3":" about 1,000 years.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following results from inserting foreign DNA into an organism to produce a new gene combination?",
"correctAnswerText":" Recombinant DNA",
"incorrectText1":" Regulatory genes",
"incorrectText2":" Mutations",
"incorrectText3":" Translation",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"questionText":"An organism that contains foreign DNA, which was inserted into its own genetic material, is called",
"correctAnswerText":" transgenic.",
"incorrectText1":" polygenic.",
"incorrectText2":" electrophoresed.",
"incorrectText3":" foreign.",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"questionText":"An organism that contains altered genes is considered all of the following EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" polymorphic.",
"incorrectText1":" transgenic.",
"incorrectText2":" a genetically modified organism (GMO).",
"incorrectText3":" genetically engineered.",
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"questionText":"The earliest examples of biotechnology included the",
"correctAnswerText":" use of selective breeding to provide better, more nutritious food.",
"incorrectText1":" use of genetic markers to learn more about genetic inheritance.",
"incorrectText2":" study and treatment of genetic diseases in people.",
"incorrectText3":" careful examination of patterns of bacterial inheritance.",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"questionText":"Small, accessory chromosomes found in bacteria that are useful in recombinant DNA procedures are called",
"correctAnswerText":" plasmids.",
"incorrectText1":" viroids.",
"incorrectText2":" centrioles.",
"incorrectText3":" bacteriophages.",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"questionText":"The genetic recombination of ________ caused massive, widespread epidemics that affected the global human population several times in the twentieth century.",
"correctAnswerText":" bird flu viruses and human flu viruses",
"incorrectText1":" human and bacterial plasmids",
"incorrectText2":" bacterial and viral plasmids",
"incorrectText3":" HIV and flu viruses",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"questionText":"Plasmids are",
"correctAnswerText":" small, replicating rings of DNA found in bacteria.",
"incorrectText1":" noncircular DNA segments found only in bacteria.",
"incorrectText2":" chromosomal loops made of RNA.",
"incorrectText3":" found only in three species of bacteria.",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is NOT an example of genetic recombination between different species in nature?",
"correctAnswerText":" Sexual reproduction",
"incorrectText1":" Bacterial transformation",
"incorrectText2":" Bacteria that acquire foreign plasmids",
"incorrectText3":" Viruses that transfer DNA between host organisms",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
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"questionText":"Recombinant DNA technology",
"correctAnswerText":" involves combining existing genes from different organisms.",
"incorrectText1":" will never be of economic importance.",
"incorrectText2":" involves only changing genes in large mammals.",
"incorrectText3":" randomly creates new genes from free nucleotides.",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"questionText":"DNA from different bacteria may be combined using all of the following EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" cloning.",
"incorrectText1":" transformation.",
"incorrectText2":" plasmids.",
"incorrectText3":" viruses.",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"questionText":"Which of the following is NOT a natural means of DNA recombination?",
"correctAnswerText":" The polymerase chain reaction",
"incorrectText1":" Sexual reproduction",
"incorrectText2":" Transformation in bacteria",
"incorrectText3":" Viral infection",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"questionText":"16) In biotechnology research, DNA fragments created by restriction enzyme action are separated from one another via",
"correctAnswerText":" gel electrophoresis.",
"incorrectText1":" crossing over.",
"incorrectText2":" centrifugation.",
"incorrectText3":" filtering.",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"questionText":"17) The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is essential for",
"correctAnswerText":" making many copies of a small amount of DNA.",
"incorrectText1":" analyzing a person's fingerprints.",
"incorrectText2":" cutting DNA into many small pieces.",
"incorrectText3":" allowing restriction enzymes to cut DNA.",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"questionText":"How many copies of a gene of interest are produced from one template DNA strand after three cycles of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?",
"correctAnswerText":" Eight",
"incorrectText1":" Two",
"incorrectText2":" Three",
"incorrectText3":" Four",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"questionText":"Which of the following is the correct sequence of the polymerase chain reaction?",
"correctAnswerText":" Heat to 90°C (to separate DN, then cool to 50°C (to bind primers and enzymes), then reheat to 70°C (to synthesize DN.",
"incorrectText1":" Heat to 70°C (to separate DN, then cool to 50°C (to bind primers and enzymes), then reheat to 90°C (to synthesize DN.",
"incorrectText2":" Heat to 90°C (to bind primers and enzymes), then cool to 50°C (to separate DN, then reheat to 70°C (to synthesize DN.",
"incorrectText3":" Heat to 70°C (to bind primers and enzymes), then cool to 50°C (to synthesize DN, then reheat to 90°C (to separate DN.",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"questionText":"DNA moves within an electric field because it",
"correctAnswerText":" is negatively charged.",
"incorrectText1":" is positively charged.",
"incorrectText2":" makes up chromosomes, which are slightly electromagnetic.",
"incorrectText3":" can possess different charges (positive or negativ, depending on its base sequence.",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"questionText":"PCR enables scientists to do all of the following EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" sequence the bases within a gene as it is being copied.",
"incorrectText1":" make billions of copies of a particular gene.",
"incorrectText2":" make gene copies very rapidly.",
"incorrectText3":" make gene copies quite cheaply.",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"questionText":"Modern forensic biotechnology labs use sophisticated machines to analyze ________, such as D16, and to determine the number of specific genetic repeats in the samples.",
"correctAnswerText":" STRs",
"incorrectText1":" AIDs",
"incorrectText2":" primers",
"incorrectText3":" PCRs",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"questionText":"Which of the following is currently used by the U.S. Department of Justice as a form of genetic fingerprints of criminals?",
"correctAnswerText":" Single tandem repeats (STRs)",
"incorrectText1":" The number of introns in a chromosome",
"incorrectText2":" The genes responsible for producing the unique patterns of swirls and loops on a person's fingers",
"incorrectText3":" Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs)",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":" Specific fragments of DNA on a gel can be visualized using",
"correctAnswerText":" DNA probes.",
"incorrectText1":" restriction enzymes.",
"incorrectText2":" electrophoresis.",
"incorrectText3":" single tandem repeats (STRs).",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
},
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"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"If the DNA fingerprint of a suspect does not match a blood sample from a crime scene, what can you conclude?",
"correctAnswerText":" The blood sample had to come from another person, but the suspect may still have been there.",
"incorrectText1":" The suspect was never at the crime scene.",
"incorrectText2":" The suspect may have been at the crime scene, because DNA fingerprinting has a large error rate.",
"incorrectText3":" The DNA in the blood sample probably degraded in a short period of time.",
"categoryName":"Biotechnology"
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"questionText":"Plato's view of species",
"correctAnswerText":" did not allow for evolutionary change.",
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"incorrectText2":" included species that do not actually exist.",
"incorrectText3":" recognized that each individual in a species is unique.",
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"questionText":"Whose philosophy was based on the ideal form?",
"correctAnswerText":" Plato",
"incorrectText1":" Darwin",
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"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"questionText":"Who proposed the geological theory of catastrophism?",
"correctAnswerText":" Cuvier",
"incorrectText1":" Darwin",
"incorrectText2":" Lamarck",
"incorrectText3":" Darwin and Wallace",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"questionText":"Which of these statements best illustrates the theory of catastrophism?",
"correctAnswerText":" Species become extinct due to natural disasters, such as floods and volcanic eruptions.",
"incorrectText1":" Only plant species have become extinct.",
"incorrectText2":" Only extinct species appear in the fossil record.",
"incorrectText3":" There are no humans in early fossil records because they had not been created yet.",
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"questionText":"Which geologist described the age of the Earth as eternal?",
"correctAnswerText":" Lyell",
"incorrectText1":" Lamarck",
"incorrectText2":" Buffon",
"incorrectText3":" Malthus",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"questionText":"The concept that Earth's present landscape is due to gradual geologic processes was proposed by",
"correctAnswerText":" Lyell.",
"incorrectText1":" Lamarck.",
"incorrectText2":" Buffon.",
"incorrectText3":" Malthus.",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"questionText":"Which statement illustrates Lamarck's theory on the mechanism of evolution?",
"correctAnswerText":" A man who routinely shaves the hair off his head will have sons who become bald.",
"incorrectText1":" Fish with coloration that matches the river bottom they inhabit will survive to reproduce.",
"incorrectText2":" Plants that can survive in less light will become the dominant species in shaded areas.",
"incorrectText3":" Birds with bright colors will attract more mates and pass on the colorful plumage.",
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"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
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"questionText":" The idea that physical changes I make to myself will be passed on to my children was proposed by",
"correctAnswerText":" Lamarck.",
"incorrectText1":" Plato.",
"incorrectText2":" Darwin.",
"incorrectText3":" Cuvier.",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"questionText":"Which scientist devised the theory of uniformitarianism to account for Earth's old age?",
"correctAnswerText":" Lyell",
"incorrectText1":" Plato",
"incorrectText2":" Darwin",
"incorrectText3":" Cuvier",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"questionText":"The publication date of On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection is",
"correctAnswerText":"1859",
"incorrectText1":"1809",
"incorrectText2":"1830",
"incorrectText3":"1869",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"questionText":"Who wrote On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection?",
"correctAnswerText":" Darwin",
"incorrectText1":" Mendel",
"incorrectText2":" Malthus",
"incorrectText3":" Smith",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"questionText":"Who presented the idea of natural selection to the Linnaean Society in 1858?",
"correctAnswerText":" Darwin and Wallace",
"incorrectText1":" Darwin",
"incorrectText2":" Lamarck",
"incorrectText3":" Cuvier",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"questionText":"Who suggested that giraffes developed their long necks over time by stretching?",
"correctAnswerText":" Lamarck",
"incorrectText1":" Darwin",
"incorrectText2":" Wallace",
"incorrectText3":" Cuvier",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"itemId":"28AO22EH",
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"questionText":" Fossils include rocks and sediments that ",
"correctAnswerText":" bear the impressions or shapes of preserved organisms.",
"incorrectText1":" have been shaped by wind and water to resemble lifelike forms.",
"incorrectText2":" have been shaped by people to resemble plants or animals.",
"incorrectText3":" all of the above.",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"itemId":"T2XDOHVK",
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"questionText":" Modern geologists estimate that the age of Earth is about",
"correctAnswerText":" 4.5 billion years.",
"incorrectText1":" 4,500 years.",
"incorrectText2":" 450,000 years.",
"incorrectText3":" 4.5 million years.",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"questionText":"Genetic variations in natural populations develop due to",
"correctAnswerText":" random mutations of the DNA.",
"incorrectText1":" changes in diet.",
"incorrectText2":" changes in the environment.",
"incorrectText3":" environmental catastrophes.",
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"questionText":" Which organism is LEAST likely to survive to reproduce?",
"correctAnswerText":" A plant that has a sweet flavor before it flowers",
"incorrectText1":" A flower that produces a scent that attracts bees",
"incorrectText2":" A shrub that produces a toxin in its flower buds that repels deer from eating it",
"incorrectText3":" A dark-furred rodent that comes out only at night",
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"questionText":" An antibiotic is given repeatedly to treat a recurrent ear infection. It worked initially but now is no longer effective. This indicates that the Streptococcus bacterium",
"correctAnswerText":" experienced natural selection that has allowed the resistant Streptococcus to survive and multiply.",
"incorrectText1":" is very sensitive to the antibiotic.",
"incorrectText2":" is being treated with an antibiotic that has experienced a manufacturing error, making it infective.",
"incorrectText3":" is infectious only if it is sensitive to the antibiotic.",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"questionText":"Inheritable mutations in the genes of an individual arise due to",
"correctAnswerText":" random chance.",
"incorrectText1":" environmental change.",
"incorrectText2":" vigorous exercise or effort.",
"incorrectText3":" other species in the environment.",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"questionText":" Which of the following statements about mutations is TRUE?",
"correctAnswerText":" Mutations occur at random and are by chance.",
"incorrectText1":" Mutations have no effect on the survival and reproduction of an organism.",
"incorrectText2":" Mutations are almost always better for the organism.",
"incorrectText3":" Mutations almost always leave the organism worse off than before.",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"questionText":" A change in the genetic makeup of a population is called",
"correctAnswerText":" evolution.",
"incorrectText1":" natural selection.",
"incorrectText2":" uniformitarianism.",
"incorrectText3":" artificial selection.",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"questionText":" Darwin realized that most species produce many more offspring than is necessary to maintain a constant population. The excess individuals in a population",
"correctAnswerText":" die before they can reproduce.",
"incorrectText1":" migrate to another location.",
"incorrectText2":" evolve to become new species.",
"incorrectText3":" mutate and are able to adapt to new environments.",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"questionText":" Which of the four postulates of Darwin's theory of evolution was not well established when On the Origin of Species was first published but is overwhelmingly supported today?",
"correctAnswerText":" Some differences among individuals in a population are due to genetics and are heritable.",
"incorrectText1":" Individuals in a population differ physically from one another in many ways.",
"incorrectText2":" Some individuals in a population survive and reproduce better than other individuals.",
"incorrectText3":" Individuals with advantageous traits survive longest and have the most offspring.",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"questionText":"Which English economist wrote that the human population increases in a geometrical ratio and would soon exceed Earth's capacity to support it?",
"correctAnswerText":" Malthus",
"incorrectText1":" Wallace",
"incorrectText2":" Mendel",
"incorrectText3":" Hutton",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"questionText":" Darwin was influenced by Thomas Malthus's writings on",
"correctAnswerText":" population growth.",
"incorrectText1":" uniformitarianism.",
"incorrectText2":" genetics.",
"incorrectText3":" evolution.",
"categoryName":"Principles of Evolution"
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"questionText":"Which type of microscope has the best resolution?",
"correctAnswerText":" An electron microscope",
"incorrectText1":" A modern light microscope",
"incorrectText2":" Leeuwenhoek's microscope",
"incorrectText3":" Hooke's microscope",
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"correctAnswerText":" Minerals in the diet are important for good health.",
"incorrectText1":" Insects are composed of cells.",
"incorrectText2":" Paramecium comes from Paramecium.",
"incorrectText3":" The smallest living organisms are single cells.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following components is NOT part of the modern cell theory?",
"correctAnswerText":" Bacterial cells are eukaryotic.",
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"incorrectText2":" The smallest living organisms are single cells.",
"incorrectText3":" All cells arise from preexisting cells.",
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"questionText":"What is NOT a feature of a prokaryotic cell?",
"correctAnswerText":" A nuclear membrane",
"incorrectText1":" A plasma membrane",
"incorrectText2":" Ribosomes",
"incorrectText3":" Enzymes",
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"questionText":"Of the objects listed, which is the smallest that you can see with the unaided eye?",
"correctAnswerText":" Frog embryo",
"incorrectText1":" DNA molecule",
"incorrectText2":" Virus",
"incorrectText3":" Ribosomes",
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"questionText":"Phospholipids are",
"correctAnswerText":" found in cell membranes.",
"incorrectText1":" completely hydrophilic.",
"incorrectText2":" completely hydrophobic.",
"incorrectText3":" made on the ribosomes.",
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"questionText":"All cells possess all of the following components EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" a nuclear membrane.",
"incorrectText1":" cytoplasm.",
"incorrectText2":" genetic material.",
"incorrectText3":" a plasma cell membrane.",
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"questionText":"The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains all of the following EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" chromosomes.",
"incorrectText1":" water.",
"incorrectText2":" dissolved nutrients.",
"incorrectText3":" organelles.",
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"questionText":"The phospholipids that make up the plasma membrane have ________ heads and ________ tails.",
"correctAnswerText":" hydrophilic; hydrophobic",
"incorrectText1":" cytoplasmic; phagocytic",
"incorrectText2":" hydrophobic; hydrophilic",
"incorrectText3":" prokaryotic; eukaryotic",
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"questionText":"The major histocompatibility complex (MH is an example of a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" glycoprotein.",
"incorrectText1":" organelle.",
"incorrectText2":" polysaccharide.",
"incorrectText3":" phospholipid.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is the smallest?",
"correctAnswerText":" Virus",
"incorrectText1":" Eukaryotic cell",
"incorrectText2":" Prokaryotic cell",
"incorrectText3":" Mitochondrion",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"questionText":"Which of the following is so small, it is visible only with an electron microscope?",
"correctAnswerText":" DNA",
"incorrectText1":" Eukaryotic cell",
"incorrectText2":" Prokaryotic cell",
"incorrectText3":" Mitochondrion",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"questionText":"Flagellated cells can",
"correctAnswerText":" move the cell through fluid.",
"incorrectText1":" move internal organelles more efficiently than nonflagellated cells.",
"incorrectText2":" attach to surfaces more effectively because of the flagella.",
"incorrectText3":" divide more quickly than nonflagellated cells.",
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"questionText":"Membrane proteins are synthesized on ribosomes that are found",
"correctAnswerText":" on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.",
"incorrectText1":" on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.",
"incorrectText2":" on the Golgi apparatus.",
"incorrectText3":" in the cytoplasm.",
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"questionText":"A mutant plant cell with no chloroplasts would",
"correctAnswerText":" still be able to use carbohydrates as an energy source.",
"incorrectText1":" appear green in color .",
"incorrectText2":" still be able to capture energy as sunlight.",
"incorrectText3":" synthesize new chloroplasts in the nucleus.",
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"questionText":"Plastids are found in ________ cells.",
"correctAnswerText":" plant",
"incorrectText1":" bacterial",
"incorrectText2":" animal",
"incorrectText3":" fungal",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is NOT a function of plastids?",
"correctAnswerText":" Extracting energy from food and converting it to ATP",
"incorrectText1":" Storing photosynthetic products",
"incorrectText2":" Storing pigments",
"incorrectText3":" Carrying out photosynthesis",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"questionText":"Of the following cell components, which is composed of protein fibers that provide shape and organization to eukaryotic cells?",
"correctAnswerText":" Cytoskeleton",
"incorrectText1":" DNA",
"incorrectText2":" Chromatin",
"incorrectText3":" Mitochondria",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"questionText":"What primarily determines the shape of animal cells, which lack cell walls?",
"correctAnswerText":" Cytoskeleton",
"incorrectText1":" Nucleus",
"incorrectText2":" Cytoplasm",
"incorrectText3":" Endoplasmic reticulum",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"questionText":"All the following are important functions of the cytoskeleton EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" storage of food molecules.",
"incorrectText1":" assistance during cell division.",
"incorrectText2":" movement of organelles.",
"incorrectText3":" maintenance of shape.",
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"questionText":"Fibers of the cytoskeleton are composed of primarily",
"correctAnswerText":" proteins.",
"incorrectText1":" nucleic acids.",
"incorrectText2":" polysaccharides.",
"incorrectText3":" lipids.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following does NOT possess a double membrane?",
"correctAnswerText":" Ribosome",
"incorrectText1":" Mitochondrion",
"incorrectText2":" Nuclear envelope",
"incorrectText3":" Plastid",
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"questionText":"Which organelle is most abundant in cardiac muscle cells?",
"correctAnswerText":" Mitochondria",
"incorrectText1":" Lysosomes",
"incorrectText2":" Golgi complexes",
"incorrectText3":" Smooth ER",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"questionText":"A nucleolus is",
"correctAnswerText":" an area in the nucleus where ribosomes are made.",
"incorrectText1":" an extra nucleus in the cell.",
"incorrectText2":" an area where the nucleus is synthesized.",
"incorrectText3":" a membrane-bound organelle.",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"questionText":"The nuclei of eukaryotic cells are characterized by",
"correctAnswerText":" a double membrane.",
"incorrectText1":" a single-layered membrane.",
"incorrectText2":" one or more nucleoids.",
"incorrectText3":" a nonporous membrane.",
"categoryName":"Cell Structure and Function"
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"questionText":"Two populations of flowers look identical but are pollinated by different pollinators–one by a night-flying hummingbird moth, the other by honeybees. These two populations of flowers are examples of",
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"incorrectText1":" groups within the same species.",
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"questionText":"Before the modern era of science, organisms were assigned to species on the basis of",
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"questionText":"A group of an interbreeding natural population that is reproductively isolated from other such groups is called a",
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"incorrectText2":" genotype.",
"incorrectText3":" community.",
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"questionText":"The biological concept of species requires that",
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"incorrectText1":" organisms are morphologically similar.",
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"incorrectText3":" only asexual reproduction occurs.",
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"questionText":"The biological species concept cannot be applied to",
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"incorrectText2":" allopatric populations.",
"incorrectText3":" polyploid populations.",
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"questionText":"Populations that were once considered separate species are sometimes reassigned to the same species because",
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"incorrectText3":" they have evolved to look the same.",
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"questionText":"Two fossils may be assigned to different species if",
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"incorrectText2":" they come from different time periods.",
"incorrectText3":" they show no evidence of being capable of interbreeding.",
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"questionText":"Fruit fly species all look similar to one another. If you have a male and a female fruit fly, how can you prove that they are the same species, according to the biological species concept?",
"correctAnswerText":" If they mate successfully and their offspring are fertile, they are the same species.",
"incorrectText1":" Determine the base sequence of the DNA of their chromosomes.",
"incorrectText2":" Examine them closely with a low-power microscope, comparing their physical characteristics to published species key lists of characteristics.",
"incorrectText3":" If they mate when they are put together, they are the same species.",
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"questionText":"Which of these definitions of species best matches the biological species concept?",
"correctAnswerText":" Members of the same species can mate and produce fertile offspring.",
"incorrectText1":" Members of the same species are all morphologically similar.",
"incorrectText2":" Members of the same species are all genetically identical.",
"incorrectText3":" Members of the same species look almost exactly alike.",
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"questionText":"Two populations of flowers found in the same meadow look identical but are pollinated by different pollinators–one by a night-flying hummingbird moth, the other by honeybees that fly by day. This is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" temporal isolation.",
"incorrectText1":" geographic isolation.",
"incorrectText2":" ecological isolation.",
"incorrectText3":" behavioral isolation.",
"categoryName":"The Origin Species"
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"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
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"questionText":"One species of fish feeds in the muddy bottom of a lake. A second species eats insects that land on the water surface. This is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" ecological isolation.",
"incorrectText1":" geographic isolation.",
"incorrectText2":" temporal isolation.",
"incorrectText3":" behavioral isolation.",
"categoryName":"The Origin Species"
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"questionText":"Two species of snails are physically unable to mate. This is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" mechanical incompatibility.",
"incorrectText1":" geographic isolation.",
"incorrectText2":" ecological isolation.",
"incorrectText3":" behavioral isolation",
"categoryName":"The Origin Species"
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"questionText":"Two different species of pine release their pollen at different times of the year. This is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" temporal isolation.",
"incorrectText1":" geographic isolation.",
"incorrectText2":" ecological isolation.",
"incorrectText3":" behavioral isolation.",
"categoryName":"The Origin Species"
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"questionText":"Two species of garter snakes live in the same geographic area. One lives mainly in water and the other mainly on land, so they rarely encounter each other and do not interbreed. What type of isolation is this?",
"correctAnswerText":" Ecological",
"incorrectText1":" Temporal",
"incorrectText2":" Mechanical",
"incorrectText3":" Behavioral",
"categoryName":"The Origin Species"
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"questionText":"Female blue-footed boobies of the Galápagos Islands will mate only after a very specific courtship display on the part of the male. The male high-steps to advertise his bright blue feet. What mechanism describes why the females do not mate with other species of boobies?",
"correctAnswerText":" Behavioral isolation",
"incorrectText1":" Geographic isolation",
"incorrectText2":" Ecological isolation",
"incorrectText3":" Temporal isolation",
"categoryName":"The Origin Species"
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"questionText":"Two species of pines, Pinus radiata and Pinus muricota, live in the same regions of California and are capable of forming hybrids under laboratory conditions. However, they do not interbreed because one releases pollen in February and the other in April. What genetic isolating mechanism is involved?",
"correctAnswerText":" Temporal",
"incorrectText1":" Ecological",
"incorrectText2":" Gametic",
"incorrectText3":" Geographic",
"categoryName":"The Origin Species"
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"questionText":"In many species of fireflies, males flash light from their abdomens to attract females. Each species has a different flashing pattern. This is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" behavioral isolation",
"incorrectText1":" geographic isolation.",
"incorrectText2":" ecological isolation.",
"incorrectText3":" temporal isolation.",
"categoryName":"The Origin Species"
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"questionText":"Eastern and Western meadowlarks look almost identical and sometimes inhabit the same areas of prairies. These birds recognize members of their own species by distinctive songs and thus do not breed with each other. This is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" behavioral isolation.",
"incorrectText1":" ecological isolation.",
"incorrectText2":" mechanical isolation.",
"incorrectText3":" geographic isolation.",
"categoryName":"The Origin Species"
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"questionText":"The elaborate courtship rituals of many bird species help to preserve their genetic isolation through",
"correctAnswerText":" behavioral isolation.",
"incorrectText1":" temporal isolation.",
"incorrectText2":" mechanical incompatibility.",
"incorrectText3":" hybrid inviability.",
"categoryName":"The Origin Species"
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"itemId":"JWWD0R5U",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"One method of protecting the genetic isolation of a population is the inability of sperm to fertilize eggs of a different species. This is called",
"correctAnswerText":" gametic incompatibility.",
"incorrectText1":" ecological isolation.",
"incorrectText2":" temporal isolation.",
"incorrectText3":" behavioral isolation.",
"categoryName":"The Origin Species"
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"questionText":"The great Dane and the Chihuahua are both domestic dogs (the same species), but mating between them is limited because of",
"correctAnswerText":" mechanical incompatibility.",
"incorrectText1":" hybrid infertility.",
"incorrectText2":" hybrid inviability.",
"incorrectText3":" behavioral isolation.",
"categoryName":"The Origin Species"
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"itemId":"H5D3Q60F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Interbreeding two different species of lovebirds produces offspring that are unable to build a nest after they mature because they lack the appropriate innate knowledge needed to carry the nesting materials and build a nest. This limits genetic mixing between the species due to",
"correctAnswerText":" behavioral isolation.",
"incorrectText1":" hybrid inviability.",
"incorrectText2":" ecological isolation.",
"incorrectText3":" mechanical incompatibility.",
"categoryName":"The Origin Species"
},
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"itemId":"3WI7OIP8",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Horses and donkeys can mate successfully to produce mules, which are always sterile. Which genetic isolating mechanism prevents horses and donkeys from becoming a single species?",
"correctAnswerText":" Hybrid infertility",
"incorrectText1":" Hybrid inviability",
"incorrectText2":" Mechanical isolation",
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"incorrectText3":" mechanical incompatibility.",
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"questionText":"If a hybrid is unable to produce sperm because meiosis does not proceed correctly, gene flow between the populations is restricted by",
"correctAnswerText":" hybrid infertility.",
"incorrectText1":" hybrid viability.",
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"incorrectText3":" ecological isolation.",
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"questionText":"Louis Pasteur's experiment illustrated that",
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"incorrectText3":" prebiotic evolution.",
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"incorrectText2":" natural selection.",
"incorrectText3":" spontaneous evolution.",
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"questionText":"Theories on the atmosphere of early Earth indicate that it lacked",
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"incorrectText2":" H2O.",
"incorrectText3":" CH4.",
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"incorrectText3":" prokaryotic cells.",
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"questionText":"Some RNA molecules have been discovered that can",
"correctAnswerText":" act as enzymes.",
"incorrectText1":" degrade proteins.",
"incorrectText2":" duplicate lipid molecules.",
"incorrectText3":" form primitive cells.",
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"questionText":" RNA molecules that function as enzymes",
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"incorrectText1":" degrade proteins.",
"incorrectText2":" duplicate lipid molecules.",
"incorrectText3":" form primitive cells.",
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"questionText":"The outer boundaries of laboratory-created vesicles are most similar to",
"correctAnswerText":" cell membranes.",
"incorrectText1":" complete cells.",
"incorrectText2":" RNA.",
"incorrectText3":" bacteria.",
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"questionText":"The scenario of prebiotic evolution leading to the origin of life on Earth is plausible because",
"correctAnswerText":" there was a vast period of time for simple chemicals to evolve into complex molecules found in cells that exist today.",
"incorrectText1":" experiments suggest that all the chemical components of living cells can be formed quickly from inorganic precursors.",
"incorrectText2":" it has been observed to occur near thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean.",
"incorrectText3":" it has been observed under laboratory conditions.",
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"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
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"questionText":"The experiments that demonstrated that meat does not spontaneously generate maggots were conducted by",
"correctAnswerText":" Francisco Redi.",
"incorrectText1":" Harold Urey.",
"incorrectText2":" Louis Pasteur.",
"incorrectText3":" Alexander Oparin.",
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"questionText":"The idea that river mud left in the sun will turn into frogs illustrates",
"correctAnswerText":" spontaneous generation.",
"incorrectText1":" the endosymbiont theory.",
"incorrectText2":" prebiotic evolution.",
"incorrectText3":" self-replication.",
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"questionText":"Who disproved the broth-to-microorganisms hypothesis?",
"correctAnswerText":" Louis Pasteur",
"incorrectText1":" Stanley Miller",
"incorrectText2":" Francisco Redi",
"incorrectText3":" Alexander Oparin",
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"questionText":"Which of the following scientists was part of a pair who first discovered that cellular reactions can be catalyzed by a ribozyme?",
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"incorrectText1":" Stanley Miller",
"incorrectText2":" Francisco Redi",
"incorrectText3":" John Tyndall",
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"incorrectText2":" Francisco Redi",
"incorrectText3":" Louis Pasteur",
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"questionText":"One theory holds that the first self-replicating molecules were",
"correctAnswerText":" RNA.",
"incorrectText1":" lipids.",
"incorrectText2":" amino acids.",
"incorrectText3":" carbohydrates.",
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"questionText":"The oldest fossil organisms presently known have been dated at approximately how many years old?",
"correctAnswerText":" 3.5 billion",
"incorrectText1":" 4.5 billion",
"incorrectText2":" 1.7 billion",
"incorrectText3":" less than 1.7 billion",
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"questionText":"Which is the correct series of events in the evolution of life on Earth?",
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"incorrectText1":" O2 → photosynthesis → aerobic metabolism",
"incorrectText2":" Aerobic metabolism → photosynthesis → O2",
"incorrectText3":" O2 → aerobic metabolism → photosynthesis",
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"questionText":"Based on current knowledge about the conditions of the early Earth, the first organisms were most likely",
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"incorrectText1":" photosynthetic prokaryotes.",
"incorrectText2":" photosynthetic eukaryotes.",
"incorrectText3":" anaerobic eukaryotes.",
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"questionText":"The oxygen that arose in early Earth's atmosphere was likely produced by organisms that were very similar to modern",
"correctAnswerText":" cyanobacteria.",
"incorrectText1":" algae.",
"incorrectText2":" protists.",
"incorrectText3":" plants.",
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"questionText":"The earliest fossil organisms resemble modern",
"correctAnswerText":" prokaryotes.",
"incorrectText1":" protists.",
"incorrectText2":" green algae.",
"incorrectText3":" eukaryotes.",
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"itemId":"3WI7OIP8",
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"questionText":"The organisms originally responsible for putting oxygen in Earth's atmosphere lived around",
"correctAnswerText":" 2.3 billion years ago.",
"incorrectText1":" 1.5 million years ago.",
"incorrectText2":" 3.5 million years ago.",
"incorrectText3":" 3.5 billion years ago.",
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"questionText":"The earliest photosynthetic organisms",
"correctAnswerText":" probably used hydrogen sulfide as a source of hydrogen.",
"incorrectText1":" probably did not produce oxygen.",
"incorrectText2":" probably used water as a source of hydrogen.",
"incorrectText3":" date back to the time when life first emerged on Earth.",
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"questionText":"If the early Earth's atmosphere contained little or no O2, then where did most of the O2 in our modern atmosphere come from?",
"correctAnswerText":" Photosynthesis",
"incorrectText1":" The oxidation of metals",
"incorrectText2":" Respiration",
"incorrectText3":" The breakdown of carbon dioxide",
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"questionText":"What is the second of the two names in an organism's scientific name?",
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"incorrectText2":" kingdom.",
"incorrectText3":" order.",
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"incorrectText2":" kingdom.",
"incorrectText3":" order.",
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"incorrectText3":" pre-adaptation.",
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"incorrectText2":" Order",
"incorrectText3":" Genus",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name of the wolf?",
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"incorrectText1":" Canis Lupus",
"incorrectText2":" canis lupus",
"incorrectText3":" canis Lupus",
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"questionText":"Canis latrans, Canis lupus, and Canis familiaris are all members of the same",
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"incorrectText1":" species.",
"incorrectText2":" genus.",
"incorrectText3":" family.",
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"questionText":"If two organisms are members of the same phylum, then they must also be members of the same",
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"incorrectText1":" class.",
"incorrectText2":" genus.",
"incorrectText3":" species.",
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"questionText":"In the scientific name of humans, Homo sapiens, the term Homo is the",
"correctAnswerText":" genus.",
"incorrectText1":" class.",
"incorrectText2":" species.",
"incorrectText3":" order.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following groups contains the fewest number of species?",
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"incorrectText1":" Kingdom",
"incorrectText2":" Class",
"incorrectText3":" Phylum",
"categoryName":"Systematics"
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"itemId":"T2XDOHVK",
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"questionText":"The most powerful way to infer evolutionary relationships relies on which type of evidence?",
"correctAnswerText":" Comparison of DNA base sequences",
"incorrectText1":" Comparative anatomy",
"incorrectText2":" Behavioral similarities",
"incorrectText3":" The ability to mate and produce fertile offspring",
"categoryName":"Systematics"
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"itemId":"WP5ZPEOA",
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"questionText":"A major difficulty facing systematists is",
"correctAnswerText":" distinguishing similar features due to common ancestry from those due to convergent evolution.",
"incorrectText1":" sequencing DNA.",
"incorrectText2":" placing specimens into the predefined taxonomic categories of species and genus.",
"incorrectText3":" understanding the sequence of cell divisions in the early embryology of plants and animals.",
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"itemId":"L0Z6ERSL",
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"questionText":"Historically, in the field of taxonomy, what characteristic was most commonly used for determining species relationships?",
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"incorrectText1":" DNA sequence similarity",
"incorrectText2":" Capability of interbreeding",
"incorrectText3":" Geographic proximity",
"categoryName":"Systematics"
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"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
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"questionText":"Comparing the chromosomes of chimpanzees and humans has revealed that the two species",
"correctAnswerText":" are closely related.",
"incorrectText1":" should be classified in the same genus.",
"incorrectText2":" should be classified in the same species.",
"incorrectText3":" should not be classified in the same family.",
"categoryName":"Systematics"
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"questionText":" DNA analysis reveals that two species of birds appear to have evolved from a common ancestor. These two species belong to the same",
"correctAnswerText":" clade.",
"incorrectText1":" nest group.",
"incorrectText2":" gene pool.",
"incorrectText3":" species.",
"categoryName":"Systematics"
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"questionText":"Who was the Swedish naturalist who established the modern system for classifying organisms?",
"correctAnswerText":" Linnaeus",
"incorrectText1":" Aristotle",
"incorrectText2":" Whittaker",
"incorrectText3":" Woese",
"categoryName":"Systematics"
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"questionText":"Which biologist first proposed that all organisms share a common ancestry?",
"correctAnswerText":" Darwin",
"incorrectText1":" Aristotle",
"incorrectText2":" Linnaeus",
"incorrectText3":" Whittaker",
"categoryName":"Systematics"
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"questionText":"Who introduced the two-part system (genus and species) that biologists use to name organisms?",
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"incorrectText1":" Aristotle",
"incorrectText2":" Whittaker",
"incorrectText3":" Woese",
"categoryName":"Systematics"
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"questionText":"Modern systematics constructs clades and evolutionary relationships based on",
"correctAnswerText":" genetic similarities.",
"incorrectText1":" fossils.",
"incorrectText2":" mating behaviors.",
"incorrectText3":" whether or not an organism reproduces sexually.",
"categoryName":"Systematics"
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"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Before 1970, what was the basis for the biological classification system?",
"correctAnswerText":" Two kingdoms: Animalia and Plantae",
"incorrectText1":" Two kingdoms: Bacteria and Eukarya",
"incorrectText2":" Two kingdoms: Monera and Animalia",
"incorrectText3":" Three kingdoms: Bacteria, Animalia, and Plantae",
"categoryName":"Systematics"
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"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which group contains mostly unicellular, eukaryotic organisms?",
"correctAnswerText":" Protists",
"incorrectText1":" Bacteria",
"incorrectText2":" Animalia",
"incorrectText3":" Fungi",
"categoryName":"Systematics"
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"questionText":"Bacterial cell walls contain",
"correctAnswerText":" peptidoglycan.",
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"incorrectText2":" chitin.",
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"incorrectText2":" fungi.",
"incorrectText3":" viruses.",
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"incorrectText2":" the appearance of colonies and rate of growth.",
"incorrectText3":" the means of locomotion and thickness of cell wall.",
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"questionText":"What differentiates gram-positive bacteria from gram-negative bacteria?",
"correctAnswerText":" The way the cell wall stains",
"incorrectText1":" Nutrient requirements",
"incorrectText2":" The appearance of colonies",
"incorrectText3":" The means of locomotion",
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"itemId":"6VUMYN0O",
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"questionText":"In which of these environments would you normally find prokaryotes?",
"correctAnswerText":" All of the above–just about everywhere",
"incorrectText1":" An animal's intestinal tract",
"incorrectText2":" A single drop of seawater",
"incorrectText3":" Human skin",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Prokaryotes..."
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"itemId":"MUO7VGYG",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is within the size range of a typical prokaryote?",
"correctAnswerText":" A cell 2 micrometers in diameter",
"incorrectText1":" A cell 25 micrometers in diameter",
"incorrectText2":" A cell 100 micrometers in diameter",
"incorrectText3":" A cell 700 micrometers long",
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"itemId":"VV0YFCYH",
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"questionText":"Mobile prokaryotes can move around with the help of",
"correctAnswerText":" flagella.",
"incorrectText1":" peptidoglycan.",
"incorrectText2":" sex pili.",
"incorrectText3":" plasmids.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Prokaryotes..."
},
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"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"How do the flagella of bacteria differ from the flagella of archaea?",
"correctAnswerText":" Archaeal flagella are thinner than bacterial flagella.",
"incorrectText1":" Bacterial flagella occur at only one end of the cell.",
"incorrectText2":" The flagella of archaea are scattered over the cell surface.",
"incorrectText3":" Bacterial flagella cannot rotate.",
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"itemId":"KI7116J4",
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"questionText":"Bacterial endospores are used for",
"correctAnswerText":" keeping the bacteria alive under harsh conditions.",
"incorrectText1":" bacterial reproduction.",
"incorrectText2":" forming biofilms.",
"incorrectText3":" bioremediation.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Prokaryotes..."
},
{
"itemId":"1J3KH69F",
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"questionText":"What do the sticky layers of protective slime produced by some bacteria enable them to do?",
"correctAnswerText":" Stick together and form biofilms",
"incorrectText1":" Sexually reproduce",
"incorrectText2":" Acquire resistance to antibiotics",
"incorrectText3":" Move from one location to another",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Prokaryotes..."
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"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
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"questionText":"Dental plaque is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" a biofilm.",
"incorrectText1":" an endospore.",
"incorrectText2":" a cell membrane.",
"incorrectText3":" bacterial flagella.",
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"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
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"questionText":"Which structure enables a bacterium to survive and infect a host even after a long period of desiccation?",
"correctAnswerText":" Endospore",
"incorrectText1":" Protein coat",
"incorrectText2":" Pili",
"incorrectText3":" Capsule",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Prokaryotes..."
},
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"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
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"questionText":"The oldest endospores to be revived and cultured to produce live bacteria are",
"correctAnswerText":" 250 million years old.",
"incorrectText1":" 250 years old.",
"incorrectText2":" 2,500 years old.",
"incorrectText3":" 25,000 years old.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Prokaryotes..."
},
{
"itemId":"28AO22EH",
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"questionText":"Sex pili are prokaryotic structures that are used",
"correctAnswerText":" during conjugation.",
"incorrectText1":" during binary fission.",
"incorrectText2":" for movement.",
"incorrectText3":" for adhering to surfaces.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Prokaryotes..."
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"itemId":"T2XDOHVK",
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"questionText":"Binary fission is the method by which bacteria",
"correctAnswerText":" reproduce.",
"incorrectText1":" survive extreme conditions for long periods of time.",
"incorrectText2":" acquire genetic variation.",
"incorrectText3":" move to new locations.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Prokaryotes..."
},
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"itemId":"WP5ZPEOA",
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"questionText":" Through which process are bacteria able to exchange genetic material?",
"correctAnswerText":" Conjugation",
"incorrectText1":" Endospore formation",
"incorrectText2":" Photosynthesis",
"incorrectText3":" Sexual reproduction",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Prokaryotes..."
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"itemId":"L0Z6ERSL",
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"questionText":"Some bacteria use H2S instead of H2O in photosynthesis, and they release",
"correctAnswerText":" sulfur.",
"incorrectText1":" ethanol.",
"incorrectText2":" acetic acid.",
"incorrectText3":" carbon monoxide.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Prokaryotes..."
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"questionText":"Cyanobacteria obtain energy from",
"correctAnswerText":" sunlight.",
"incorrectText1":" digesting plants.",
"incorrectText2":" digesting cyanide.",
"incorrectText3":" digesting benzene.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Prokaryotes..."
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"itemId":"228X6V3K",
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"questionText":"In bacteria, the small, circular pieces of DNA that are located outside the chromosome are called",
"correctAnswerText":" plasmids.",
"incorrectText1":" sex pili.",
"incorrectText2":" flagella.",
"incorrectText3":" endospores.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Prokaryotes..."
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"questionText":"Mutations that improve the survival and reproduction of organisms, and thus contribute to the evolution of species, arise rapidly in prokaryotes due to their",
"correctAnswerText":" rapid rate of cell division.",
"incorrectText1":" sexual reproduction.",
"incorrectText2":" absence of a nucleus.",
"incorrectText3":" cell wall composition.",
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"questionText":"Intestinal bacteria are necessary for plant-eating animals to digest",
"correctAnswerText":" cellulose.",
"incorrectText1":" lipids.",
"incorrectText2":" nitrogen.",
"incorrectText3":" carbon dioxide.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Prokaryotes..."
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"questionText":" Legumes obtain a useful form of ________ from bacteria that live in root nodules.",
"correctAnswerText":" nitrogen",
"incorrectText1":" carbon",
"incorrectText2":" oxygen",
"incorrectText3":" sulfur",
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"questionText":"Which of the following plants contains nitrogen-fixing bacteria in its root nodules?",
"correctAnswerText":" Soybeans",
"incorrectText1":" Corn",
"incorrectText2":" Tomatoes",
"incorrectText3":" Potatoes",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Prokaryotes..."
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"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
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"questionText":"Through which process do bacteria recycle nutrients in the environment?",
"correctAnswerText":" Decomposition",
"incorrectText1":" Photosynthesis",
"incorrectText2":" Binary fission",
"incorrectText3":" Endospore formation",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Prokaryotes..."
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"questionText":"Oil spills are sprayed with bacterial cultures in order to",
"correctAnswerText":" break down the oil.",
"incorrectText1":" kill the bacteria.",
"incorrectText2":" make the oil easier to wash away.",
"incorrectText3":" prevent the oil from sticking to wildlife.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Prokaryotes..."
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"questionText":"Which one of the following groups is characterized as eukaryotic?",
"correctAnswerText":" Protists",
"incorrectText1":" Viruses",
"incorrectText2":" Bacteria",
"incorrectText3":" Prions",
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"incorrectText1":" Plants",
"incorrectText2":" Animals",
"incorrectText3":" Fungi",
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"questionText":"A protist that lives inside a host organism and absorbs nutrients from that living host is",
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"incorrectText1":" photosynthetic.",
"incorrectText2":" predatory.",
"incorrectText3":" symbiotic.",
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"questionText":"Protists",
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"incorrectText1":" are prokaryotic.",
"incorrectText2":" develop embryos during reproduction.",
"incorrectText3":" form a single clade.",
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"incorrectText1":" photosynthetic.",
"incorrectText2":" parasitic.",
"incorrectText3":" predatory.",
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"questionText":"Protist photosynthesis relies on",
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"incorrectText1":" pseudopods.",
"incorrectText2":" pseudoplasmodia.",
"incorrectText3":" eyespots.",
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"questionText":"The first protist chloroplast was likely to have been a(n)",
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"incorrectText1":" virus.",
"incorrectText2":" chemosynthetic bacterium.",
"incorrectText3":" example of secondary endosymbiosis.",
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"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
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"questionText":"Secondary endosymbiosis can occur when a",
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"incorrectText2":" nonphotosynthetic protist engulfs a photosynthetic bacterium.",
"incorrectText3":" protist evolves to become a prokaryote.",
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"questionText":" ________ are photosynthetic protists.",
"correctAnswerText":" Algae",
"incorrectText1":" Prokaryotes",
"incorrectText2":" Fungi",
"incorrectText3":" Plants",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Protists"
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"questionText":" The foundation of a marine food chain is",
"correctAnswerText":" algae.",
"incorrectText1":" viruses.",
"incorrectText2":" fungi.",
"incorrectText3":" Archaea.",
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"questionText":"A flagellated protist lives inside the guts of termites and enables the termites to digest the cellulose in wood as a food source. This protist belongs to the",
"correctAnswerText":" parabasalids.",
"incorrectText1":" apicomplexans.",
"incorrectText2":" amoebas.",
"incorrectText3":" Archaea.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Protists"
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"questionText":"Protists that have two nuclei are classified as",
"correctAnswerText":" diplomonads.",
"incorrectText1":" apicomplexans.",
"incorrectText2":" amoebas.",
"incorrectText3":" parabasalids.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Protists"
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"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
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"questionText":" Protists that lack mitochondria are",
"correctAnswerText":" excavates.",
"incorrectText1":" apicomplexans.",
"incorrectText2":" amoebas.",
"incorrectText3":" euglenozoans.",
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"questionText":"Which protist causes a sexually transmitted disease?",
"correctAnswerText":" Trichomonas",
"incorrectText1":" Trypanosoma",
"incorrectText2":" Giardia",
"incorrectText3":" Plasmodium",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Protists"
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"questionText":"Both Trichomonas and Giardia are parasitic protists in the group called",
"correctAnswerText":" excavates.",
"incorrectText1":" slime molds.",
"incorrectText2":" alveolates.",
"incorrectText3":" diatoms.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Protists"
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"questionText":"Which cell structure is missing in Trichomonas and Giardia?",
"correctAnswerText":" Mitochondria",
"incorrectText1":" Cell membranes",
"incorrectText2":" Flagella",
"incorrectText3":" Cysts",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Protists"
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"questionText":"A parasitic protist that presents a major health problem to backpackers and hikers if they drink unfiltered stream or lake water is",
"correctAnswerText":" Giardia.",
"incorrectText1":" Didinium.",
"incorrectText2":" Trypanosoma.",
"incorrectText3":" Plasmodium.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Protists"
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"questionText":"Which group of protists includes photosynthetic, unicellular, freshwater organisms that possess eyespots?",
"correctAnswerText":" Euglenids",
"incorrectText1":" Apicomplexans",
"incorrectText2":" Brown algae",
"incorrectText3":" Amoebas",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Protists"
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"questionText":"Which group of protists includes photosynthetic, individual cells that lack a rigid cell wall and move via a flagellum?",
"correctAnswerText":" Euglenids",
"incorrectText1":" Slime molds",
"incorrectText2":" Amoebas",
"incorrectText3":" Diatoms",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Protists"
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"questionText":"The eyespot of a Euglena cell enables it to",
"correctAnswerText":" orient toward light.",
"incorrectText1":" spot potential predators.",
"incorrectText2":" see images in black and white only.",
"incorrectText3":" photosynthesize.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is a characteristic of the organism that causes malaria?",
"correctAnswerText":" Unicellular",
"incorrectText1":" Prokaryotic",
"incorrectText2":" Multicellular",
"incorrectText3":" Photosynthetic",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Protists"
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"questionText":"Which protist causes African sleeping sickness?",
"correctAnswerText":" Trypanosoma",
"incorrectText1":" Didinium",
"incorrectText2":" Giardia",
"incorrectText3":" Plasmodium",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Protists"
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"questionText":"Which protist group includes the water molds, diatoms, and brown algae?",
"correctAnswerText":" Stramenopiles",
"incorrectText1":" Euglenids",
"incorrectText2":" Excavates",
"incorrectText3":" Diplomonads",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Protists"
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"questionText":"Which group has caused such agricultural problems as downy mildew, potato blight, and an avocado disease?",
"correctAnswerText":" Oomycetes",
"incorrectText1":" Cyanobacteria",
"incorrectText2":" Diatoms",
"incorrectText3":" Protozoa",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Protists"
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"questionText":"The oomycete that nearly destroyed the French wine industry in the late 1870s was",
"correctAnswerText":" a water mold.",
"incorrectText1":" a slime mold.",
"incorrectText2":" a protozoan.",
"incorrectText3":" a cercozoan.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Protists"
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"questionText":"A fertilized egg is a",
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"incorrectText2":" zygote.",
"incorrectText3":" spore.",
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"incorrectText3":" zygote.",
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"incorrectText3":" tetraploid.",
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"incorrectText1":" Photosynthetic pigments",
"incorrectText2":" Starch",
"incorrectText3":" Cellulose",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Plants"
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"questionText":"Which evidence supports the idea that land plants arose from green algae?",
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"incorrectText2":" Green algae live in freshwater environments, and plants require fresh water.",
"incorrectText3":" Both contain similar accessory pigments.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Plants"
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"questionText":"What are the products of photosynthesis?",
"correctAnswerText":" Sugars and O2",
"incorrectText1":" Lipids and H2O",
"incorrectText2":" CO2 and sugars",
"incorrectText3":" Minerals and nitrogen",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Plants"
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"questionText":"Why do farmers add organic matter in the form of dead plants to the soil?",
"correctAnswerText":" Organic matter improves the soil's ability to hold water and nutrients.",
"incorrectText1":" Organic matter adds oxygen to the soil.",
"incorrectText2":" Organic matter lowers the level of carbon dioxide in the soil.",
"incorrectText3":" Soil needs to have minerals added every year.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Plants"
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"questionText":"During the Dust Bowl years, thousands of acres in the United States lost all vegetation due to drought and the soil blew away. Why?",
"correctAnswerText":" The roots of living plants help hold soil in place and prevent erosion.",
"incorrectText1":" Plants draw all the water out of the soil, which increases erosion.",
"incorrectText2":" Plants take nutrients out of the soil, thus weakening its structure.",
"incorrectText3":" Photosynthesis is detrimental to microbes in the soil.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Plants"
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"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
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"questionText":"Green algae are assumed to be ancestors of plants because",
"correctAnswerText":" green algae make cellulose and starch.",
"incorrectText1":" the fossil ancestors have been discovered.",
"incorrectText2":" green algae make chitin and laminarin.",
"incorrectText3":" green algae are almost exclusively marine.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Plants"
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"questionText":" The closest living relatives to plants are",
"correctAnswerText":" stoneworts.",
"incorrectText1":" red algae.",
"incorrectText2":" ciliates.",
"incorrectText3":" amoebas.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Plants"
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"questionText":" Both plants and green algae store food as",
"correctAnswerText":" starch.",
"incorrectText1":" lignan.",
"incorrectText2":" chlorophyll.",
"incorrectText3":" cellulose.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Plants"
},
{
"itemId":"T2XDOHVK",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Pollen and seeds evolved in response to",
"correctAnswerText":" dry land environments.",
"incorrectText1":" an increase in pollinators.",
"incorrectText2":" flower evolution.",
"incorrectText3":" moist environments.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Plants"
},
{
"itemId":"WP5ZPEOA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of these is an advantage to a plant that moved onto land?",
"correctAnswerText":" Increased sunlight availability",
"incorrectText1":" Dry environment",
"incorrectText2":" Less support",
"incorrectText3":" Increased heat",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Plants"
},
{
"itemId":"L0Z6ERSL",
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"questionText":"To control the movement of gases, land plants developed",
"correctAnswerText":" stomata.",
"incorrectText1":" a cuticle.",
"incorrectText2":" flowers.",
"incorrectText3":" vascular tissue.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Plants"
},
{
"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
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"questionText":"To limit water loss, land plants developed",
"correctAnswerText":" a cuticle.",
"incorrectText1":" stomata.",
"incorrectText2":" flowers.",
"incorrectText3":" vascular tissue.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Plants"
},
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"itemId":"228X6V3K",
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"questionText":"To strengthen the conducting cells and help plants stand erect without water for them to float in, land plants developed",
"correctAnswerText":" lignan.",
"incorrectText1":" stomata.",
"incorrectText2":" a cuticle.",
"incorrectText3":" flowers.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Plants"
},
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"itemId":"JWWD0R5U",
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"questionText":"With respect to plant reproduction, there has been an evolutionary trend toward",
"correctAnswerText":" sporophyte dominance.",
"incorrectText1":" increased pollen production.",
"incorrectText2":" smaller flowers.",
"incorrectText3":" larger fruits.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Plants"
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"itemId":"LSUV73ZY",
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"questionText":"Why do mosses and liverworts need to live in a moist environment?",
"correctAnswerText":" They need moisture for reproduction.",
"incorrectText1":" They need moisture for the production of flowers.",
"incorrectText2":" They need moisture for the production of fruits.",
"incorrectText3":" They need moisture for root formation.",
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"questionText":"While walking in a tropical forest, you come upon a 6-meter-tall plant that shows no evidence of seed production. The plant is most likely a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" fern.",
"incorrectText1":" gymnosperm.",
"incorrectText2":" angiosperm.",
"incorrectText3":" bryophyte.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Plants"
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"questionText":"A fossil plant appears to have several seeds all completely enclosed in a single outer covering. This plant is probably a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" angiosperm.",
"incorrectText1":" gymnosperm.",
"incorrectText2":" bryophyte.",
"incorrectText3":" fern.",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Plants"
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"questionText":"Which of the following weather conditions would you expect to have the greatest negative impact on the sexual reproduction of ferns and mosses?",
"correctAnswerText":" Excessively dry for several days",
"incorrectText1":" Excessively wet and rainy",
"incorrectText2":" Above-average temperatures for several days",
"incorrectText3":" Moderate temperatures and rainfall",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Plants"
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"questionText":"Which of the following weather conditions would you expect to have the greatest positive impact on the sexual reproduction of ferns and mosses?",
"correctAnswerText":" Excessively wet and rainy",
"incorrectText1":" Above-average temperatures for several days",
"incorrectText2":" Excessively dry for several days",
"incorrectText3":" Below-average temperatures for a few days",
"categoryName":"The Diversity of Plants"
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"questionText":"Fungal cell walls are different from plant cell walls because fungal walls contain",
"correctAnswerText":" chitin, whereas plant walls have cellulose.",
"incorrectText1":" cellulose, whereas plant walls have chitin.",
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"incorrectText3":" chitin, whereas plant walls have starch.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following features are characteristic of fungi?",
"correctAnswerText":" Cell walls, feeding by absorption, and usually filamentous bodies",
"incorrectText1":" Cell walls, photosynthesis, and usually filamentous bodies",
"incorrectText2":" No cell walls, feeding by absorption, chemosynthesis",
"incorrectText3":" No cell walls, parasitic, heterotrophic",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"questionText":"The body of a fungus is generally composed of",
"correctAnswerText":" hyphae.",
"incorrectText1":" cellulose.",
"incorrectText2":" vascular tissue.",
"incorrectText3":" mycorrhizae.",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"itemId":"D41HJLCA",
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"questionText":"The interwoven mass of cells that forms large structures such as an earthstar or a mushroom is a",
"correctAnswerText":" mycelium.",
"incorrectText1":" spore.",
"incorrectText2":" root.",
"incorrectText3":" septum.",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"itemId":"6VUMYN0O",
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"questionText":"Some fungi are predators (not parasites) of",
"correctAnswerText":" nematodes (roundworms).",
"incorrectText1":" humans.",
"incorrectText2":" wheat.",
"incorrectText3":" chestnut and elm trees.",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"questionText":"Which polysaccharide is produced by both fungi and arthropods?",
"correctAnswerText":" Chitin",
"incorrectText1":" Cellulose",
"incorrectText2":" Glycogen",
"incorrectText3":" Glucose",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"itemId":"VV0YFCYH",
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"questionText":"When you eat mushrooms on your pizza, you are technically eating the",
"correctAnswerText":" mycelium.",
"incorrectText1":" seeds.",
"incorrectText2":" chloroplasts.",
"incorrectText3":" fungal leaves.",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Fungi usually obtain food by",
"correctAnswerText":" digesting it externally and then absorbing it.",
"incorrectText1":" photosynthesis.",
"incorrectText2":" absorbing it and then digesting it within fungal cells.",
"incorrectText3":" chemosynthesis.",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"itemId":"KI7116J4",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Both bacteria and fungi digest food by",
"correctAnswerText":" secreting enzymes and then absorbing the smaller molecules.",
"incorrectText1":" forming food vacuoles through phagocytosis.",
"incorrectText2":" ingesting previously decomposed molecules.",
"incorrectText3":" eating only small organisms that they can engulf.",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"itemId":"1J3KH69F",
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"questionText":"Molds easily contaminate foods because fungi",
"correctAnswerText":" produce huge numbers of airborne spores.",
"incorrectText1":" are unaffected by cooking.",
"incorrectText2":" are not visible.",
"incorrectText3":" have haploid bodies.",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
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"questionText":"Fungi are similar to plants because both",
"correctAnswerText":" have cell walls surrounding their plasma membranes.",
"incorrectText1":" are important producers in their ecosystems.",
"incorrectText2":" liberate nutrients from dead tissues.",
"incorrectText3":" produce embryos when they reproduce.",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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{
"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The dominant generation in the fungal life cycle is usually",
"correctAnswerText":" haploid.",
"incorrectText1":" diploid.",
"incorrectText2":" a sporophyte.",
"incorrectText3":" polyploid.",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following sequences describes sexual reproduction in the fungal life cycle?",
"correctAnswerText":" The diploid zygote divides by meiosis to form haploid spores, which produce haploid mycelia through mitosis.",
"incorrectText1":" The haploid zygote divides by meiosis to form haploid spores.",
"incorrectText2":" Haploid gametes divide by meiosis to produce a diploid zygote, which grows by mitosis to produce diploid mycelia.",
"incorrectText3":" Free-swimming gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote, which grows by mitosis.",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"questionText":"The mat-like structure composed of hyphal threads that forms the body of most fungi is called a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" mycelium.",
"incorrectText1":" ascus.",
"incorrectText2":" septum.",
"incorrectText3":" zygospore.",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"questionText":"Which fungal group produces swimming, flagellated spores?",
"correctAnswerText":" Chytrids",
"incorrectText1":" Zygomycetes",
"incorrectText2":" Basidiomycetes",
"incorrectText3":" Ascomycetes",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"questionText":"In which environment would you most likely find chytrids?",
"correctAnswerText":" A warm swamp",
"incorrectText1":" The back of the refrigerator",
"incorrectText2":" A basket of overripe fruit",
"incorrectText3":" A well-used gym bag",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"questionText":"According to the fossil record, the most ancient group of fungi is probably the",
"correctAnswerText":" chytrids.",
"incorrectText1":" ascomycetes.",
"incorrectText2":" basidiomycetes.",
"incorrectText3":" zygomycetes.",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The worldwide die-off of frogs has been traced to infection by",
"correctAnswerText":" chytrids.",
"incorrectText1":" basidiomycetes.",
"incorrectText2":" ascomycetes.",
"incorrectText3":" zygomycetes.",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"itemId":"228X6V3K",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"A zygosporangium is produced by",
"correctAnswerText":" the union of two haploid hyphae.",
"incorrectText1":" meiosis of hyphae.",
"incorrectText2":" mitosis of hyphae.",
"incorrectText3":" the union of egg and sperm.",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"questionText":"________ form beneficial symbiotic relationships with plant roots.",
"correctAnswerText":" Glomeromycetes",
"incorrectText1":" Chytrids",
"incorrectText2":" Ascomycetes",
"incorrectText3":" Basidiomycetes",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"questionText":"When zygosporangia germinate, they must undergo ________ before forming hyphae.",
"correctAnswerText":" meiosis",
"incorrectText1":" sporulation",
"incorrectText2":" mitosis",
"incorrectText3":" fertilization",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"questionText":"Which fungal phylum usually carries on sexual reproduction?",
"correctAnswerText":" Basidiomycetes",
"incorrectText1":" Chytrids",
"incorrectText2":" Ascomycetes",
"incorrectText3":" Zygomycetes",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"questionText":"The name sac fungi is appropriate for the ascomycetes because",
"correctAnswerText":" they produce spores in saclike structures.",
"incorrectText1":" they produce seeds in saclike structures.",
"incorrectText2":" they grow well in closed bags.",
"incorrectText3":" the body of the fungus is a saclike shape.",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
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"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In ascomycetes, the ascus functions in",
"correctAnswerText":" sexual reproduction.",
"incorrectText1":" digestion.",
"incorrectText2":" vegetative growth.",
"incorrectText3":" asexual reproduction.",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
},
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"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The specialized reproductive structures of club fungi are called",
"correctAnswerText":" basidia.",
"incorrectText1":" asci.",
"incorrectText2":" toadstools.",
"incorrectText3":" mycelia.",
"categoryName":"Fungi"
}
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"questionText":"A multicellular organism that lacks cell walls and obtains energy by eating other organisms is a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" animal.",
"incorrectText1":" fungus.",
"incorrectText2":" plant.",
"incorrectText3":" chytrid.",
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"incorrectText3":" cnidarians.",
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"questionText":"A ________ is an organism whose body cavity forms between the body wall and the digestive system.",
"correctAnswerText":" protostome",
"incorrectText1":" sponge",
"incorrectText2":" hermaphrodite",
"incorrectText3":" deuterostome",
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"itemId":"D41HJLCA",
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"questionText":"In the animal kingdom, cephalization is",
"correctAnswerText":" concentration of sensory structures in the head.",
"incorrectText1":" development of a body that has paired structures forming a side-to-side mirror image.",
"incorrectText2":" the ability to respond rapidly to external stimuli.",
"incorrectText3":" evolutionary development of a netlike system of veins.",
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"questionText":"One trend in the evolution of animals is the increase in the number of tissue (germ) layers during embryonic development. Flatworms and more complex animals have ________ layers.",
"correctAnswerText":" three",
"incorrectText1":" two",
"incorrectText2":" four",
"incorrectText3":" five",
"categoryName":"Animal Diversity"
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"questionText":"Organisms that are radially symmetrical have ________ embryonic germ layers.",
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"incorrectText1":" three",
"incorrectText2":" four",
"incorrectText3":" five",
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"itemId":"VV0YFCYH",
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"questionText":"The skin and nervous tissues develop from which germ layer?",
"correctAnswerText":" Ectoderm",
"incorrectText1":" Endoderm",
"incorrectText2":" Mesoderm",
"incorrectText3":" Mesoglea",
"categoryName":"Animal Diversity"
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"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following animal phyla is distinguished by a lack of tissues?",
"correctAnswerText":" Sponges",
"incorrectText1":" Echinoderms",
"incorrectText2":" Flatworms",
"incorrectText3":" Annelids",
"categoryName":"Animal Diversity"
},
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"itemId":"KI7116J4",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Damage to the embryonic ectoderm would show up as damage to which adult body tissues?",
"correctAnswerText":" Nervous tissue",
"incorrectText1":" Muscles",
"incorrectText2":" Skeletal tissue",
"incorrectText3":" Circulatory tissue",
"categoryName":"Animal Diversity"
},
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"itemId":"1J3KH69F",
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"questionText":"Between the organs and the body wall, complex animals have a body cavity called a",
"correctAnswerText":" coelom.",
"incorrectText1":" cnidarian.",
"incorrectText2":" mesoderm.",
"incorrectText3":" mesoglea.",
"categoryName":"Animal Diversity"
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"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
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"questionText":"Which germ layer gives rise to the muscle layer of the uterus?",
"correctAnswerText":" Mesoderm",
"incorrectText1":" Ectoderm",
"incorrectText2":" Endoderm",
"incorrectText3":"",
"categoryName":"Animal Diversity"
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"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
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"questionText":"How many tissue layers are in the embryos of sponges?",
"correctAnswerText":" None",
"incorrectText1":" One",
"incorrectText2":" Two",
"incorrectText3":" Three",
"categoryName":"Animal Diversity"
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"questionText":"An arthropod embryo has ________ germ layer(s).",
"correctAnswerText":" three",
"incorrectText1":" no",
"incorrectText2":" one",
"incorrectText3":" two",
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"questionText":"Anemones have no",
"correctAnswerText":" mesoderm.",
"incorrectText1":" endoderm.",
"incorrectText2":" ectoderm.",
"incorrectText3":"",
"categoryName":"Animal Diversity"
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"itemId":"T2XDOHVK",
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"questionText":"A cnidarian, which is radially symmetrical, has ________ germ layer(s).",
"correctAnswerText":" two",
"incorrectText1":" no",
"incorrectText2":" one",
"incorrectText3":" three",
"categoryName":"Animal Diversity"
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"itemId":"WP5ZPEOA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The common ancestor of sponges and other animals was probably",
"correctAnswerText":" multicellular without tissues.",
"incorrectText1":" unicellular.",
"incorrectText2":" multicellular with tissues but without organ systems.",
"incorrectText3":" multicellular with tissues and a few organ systems.",
"categoryName":"Animal Diversity"
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"itemId":"L0Z6ERSL",
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"questionText":"All animals with tissues have",
"correctAnswerText":" symmetrical bodies.",
"incorrectText1":" bilateral symmetry.",
"incorrectText2":" radial symmetry.",
"incorrectText3":" two germ layers.",
"categoryName":"Animal Diversity"
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"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following characteristics is associated with all animals that are bilaterally symmetrical at some point in their life cycle?",
"correctAnswerText":" Mesoderm",
"incorrectText1":" Lack of organs",
"incorrectText2":" Gastrovascular cavity",
"incorrectText3":" Coelom",
"categoryName":"Animal Diversity"
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"itemId":"228X6V3K",
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"questionText":"Which of the following characteristics is often associated with animals that are radially symmetrical?",
"correctAnswerText":" Sessile or otherwise nonmobile",
"incorrectText1":" Mobility",
"incorrectText2":" Gastrovascular cavity",
"incorrectText3":" Mesoderm",
"categoryName":"Animal Diversity"
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"itemId":"JWWD0R5U",
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"questionText":"The major difference between protostomes and deuterostomes is the",
"correctAnswerText":" way the body cavity forms.",
"incorrectText1":" presence or absence of a coelom.",
"incorrectText2":" presence or absence of cephalization.",
"incorrectText3":" type of body symmetry.",
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"questionText":"Ecdysozoans",
"correctAnswerText":" periodically shed their outer body covering.",
"incorrectText1":" have trochophore larva.",
"incorrectText2":" include mollusks, annelids, and flatworms.",
"incorrectText3":" have a special feeding structure.",
"categoryName":"Animal Diversity"
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"itemId":"H5D3Q60F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of these groups is characterized by having no body cavity?",
"correctAnswerText":" Cnidarians",
"incorrectText1":" Roundworms",
"incorrectText2":" Annelids",
"incorrectText3":" Arthropods",
"categoryName":"Animal Diversity"
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"questionText":" ________ are characterized by having a pseudocoelom.",
"correctAnswerText":" Roundworms",
"incorrectText1":" Annelids",
"incorrectText2":" Arthropods",
"incorrectText3":" Chordates",
"categoryName":"Animal Diversity"
},
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"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of these groups is characterized by having a true coelom?",
"correctAnswerText":" Arthropods",
"incorrectText1":" Sponges",
"incorrectText2":" Cnidarians",
"incorrectText3":" Flatworms",
"categoryName":"Animal Diversity"
},
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"incorrectText2":" insight learning.",
"incorrectText3":" habituation.",
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"incorrectText2":" habituation.",
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"incorrectText3":" Releasers",
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"incorrectText3":" the availability of water.",
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"incorrectText2":" birds.",
"incorrectText3":" bats.",
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"incorrectText3":" relates to the pheromones the animal produces.",
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"incorrectText1":" hormones.",
"incorrectText2":" enzymes.",
"incorrectText3":" stimuli.",
"categoryName":"Animal Behavior"
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"correctAnswerText":" They disappeared as a result of clear-cutting by humans.",
"incorrectText1":" They disappeared after humans brought herbivores to the island.",
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"questionText":"Environmental resistance may limit the size of populations by",
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"incorrectText2":" decreasing both birth and death rates.",
"incorrectText3":" decreasing death rates and/or increasing birth rates.",
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"incorrectText1":" biotic potential.",
"incorrectText2":" environmental resistance.",
"incorrectText3":" final population size.",
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"incorrectText3":"2",
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"incorrectText2":" Number of deaths",
"incorrectText3":" Age of females at reproduction",
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"questionText":"Environmental resistance is",
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"incorrectText2":" limits imposed on population growth by only the nonliving environment.",
"incorrectText3":" a factor that decreases both death rates and birth rates.",
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"incorrectText2":" the rate of emigration is higher than the rate of immigration.",
"incorrectText3":" the biotic potential decreases each year.",
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"incorrectText2":" the population grows by a fixed percentage of its size each year.",
"incorrectText3":" the rate of emigration is higher than the rate of immigration.",
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"incorrectText2":" A rat that produces a litter of six pups every 3 months",
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"incorrectText3":" density-independent factors are involved.",
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"incorrectText1":" S-curve growth.",
"incorrectText2":" density-dependent growth.",
"incorrectText3":" density-independent growth.",
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"incorrectText3":" Competition",
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"incorrectText2":" competitor.",
"incorrectText3":" density-independent factor.",
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"incorrectText1":" social competition.",
"incorrectText2":" predation.",
"incorrectText3":" parasitism.",
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"incorrectText2":" interspecific",
"incorrectText3":" intramural",
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"incorrectText1":" density-independent",
"incorrectText2":" competitive",
"incorrectText3":" exponential",
"categoryName":"Population Growth"
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"questionText":"Why do many non-native species, such as a prickly pear cactus brought to Australia from South America, rapidly become abundant when first introduced?",
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"incorrectText1":" The climate in the new site is more favorable than in its native site.",
"incorrectText2":" Non-native species increase their reproductive rate when introduced.",
"incorrectText3":" The carrying capacity at the new site is higher than that at the native site.",
"categoryName":"Population Growth"
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"questionText":"Which of the following describes correctly the effect parasites have on their host's population size and on the host itself?",
"correctAnswerText":" density-dependent fashion and do not usually kill the hosts",
"incorrectText1":" density-dependent fashion and usually kill the hosts",
"incorrectText2":" density-independent fashion and usually kill the hosts",
"incorrectText3":" density-independent fashion and do not usually kill the hosts",
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"questionText":"Predation is similar to ________ in that both types of relationship benefit one of the interacting species while harming the other.",
"correctAnswerText":" parasitism",
"incorrectText1":" coevolution",
"incorrectText2":" competition",
"incorrectText3":" mutualism",
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"itemId":"6VUMYN0O",
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"questionText":"In ________, the interaction between two species harms both of them.",
"correctAnswerText":" competition",
"incorrectText1":" coevolution",
"incorrectText2":" mutualism",
"incorrectText3":" parasitism",
"categoryName":"Community Interactions"
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"itemId":"MUO7VGYG",
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"questionText":"The process by which two interacting species act as agents of natural selection on one another is called",
"correctAnswerText":" coevolution",
"incorrectText1":" mutualism.",
"incorrectText2":" parasitism.",
"incorrectText3":" mimicry.",
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"itemId":"VV0YFCYH",
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"questionText":"An ecological niche",
"correctAnswerText":" cannot be shared by two species.",
"incorrectText1":" is formed by the physical environment only.",
"incorrectText2":" depends on the weather.",
"incorrectText3":" is a constantly changing place.",
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"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Competition between the members of two species is",
"correctAnswerText":" most intense when the species are most similar and is referred to as interspecific.",
"incorrectText1":" always very intense and is referred to as intraspecific.",
"incorrectText2":" unusual and is referred to as interspecific.",
"incorrectText3":" very common and is referred to as intraspecific.",
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"questionText":"Two species that have a high degree of niche overlap will",
"correctAnswerText":" compete intensely.",
"incorrectText1":" speciate.",
"incorrectText2":" interbreed.",
"incorrectText3":" be in a predator-prey relationship.",
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"itemId":"1J3KH69F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"If similar species each occupy a smaller niche when they live together than they would if they lived alone, they are said to be",
"correctAnswerText":" partitioning their resources.",
"incorrectText1":" involved in succession.",
"incorrectText2":" involved in intraspecific competition.",
"incorrectText3":" coevolving.",
"categoryName":"Community Interactions"
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"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The concept that two species cannot occupy the same ecological niche at the same time is called",
"correctAnswerText":" the competitive exclusion principle.",
"incorrectText1":" coevolution.",
"incorrectText2":" mutualism.",
"incorrectText3":" succession.",
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"questionText":"Ornithologists visiting an island find two species of birds that appear nearly identical except for bill size. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for their discovery?",
"correctAnswerText":" Coevolution of the two species has resulted in resource partitioning between the species.",
"incorrectText1":" There is natural random variability.",
"incorrectText2":" Mutations have resulted in an inferior species with defective bills.",
"incorrectText3":" They aren't separate species.",
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"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Earthworms live in many grass and forest ecosystems, and they aerate the soil as they burrow. They also may mix soil layers as they ingest organic matter and travel between layers. These traits, taken collectively, make up the ________ of the earthworm.",
"correctAnswerText":" niche",
"incorrectText1":" physical home",
"incorrectText2":" community profile",
"incorrectText3":" ecosystem profile",
"categoryName":"Community Interactions"
},
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"itemId":"28AO22EH",
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"questionText":"Two species of buttercup are found in the same field in South Dakota, but they emerge at different times: One species emerges and flowers in early spring, and the other species does not emerge until late summer, after the first species has set seed. This is probably an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" resource partitioning.",
"incorrectText1":" habitat fragmentation.",
"incorrectText2":" niche fragmentation.",
"incorrectText3":" niche realignment.",
"categoryName":"Community Interactions"
},
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"itemId":"T2XDOHVK",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Over the past century, sagebrush has dramatically expanded its range over the Colorado plateau's grasslands. This development has been attributed to the overgrazing of the area's grasses by cattle and sheep. This example indicates that",
"correctAnswerText":" the range of sagebrush is normally limited by competition with grasses.",
"incorrectText1":" grazing has no effect on the distribution of plants.",
"incorrectText2":" sagebrush could not exist anywhere in the absence of cattle and sheep.",
"incorrectText3":" sagebrush is the dominant competitor over grasses.",
"categoryName":"Community Interactions"
},
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"itemId":"WP5ZPEOA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Two families of feral cats move into the same barn. One family preys on the mice; the other preys on the pigeons. This behavior is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" resource partitioning.",
"incorrectText1":" parasitism.",
"incorrectText2":" interspecific competition.",
"incorrectText3":" mutualism.",
"categoryName":"Community Interactions"
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"itemId":"L0Z6ERSL",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"If an insect eats the lettuce seedlings in your yard, it is acting most like a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" herbivore.",
"incorrectText1":" omnivore.",
"incorrectText2":" host.",
"incorrectText3":" mutualist.",
"categoryName":"Community Interactions"
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"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"If you find a brightly colored insect resting on a dead leaf, the insect is likely to",
"correctAnswerText":" be poisonous or distasteful.",
"incorrectText1":" be prey for birds.",
"incorrectText2":" be camouflaged.",
"incorrectText3":" have startle coloration.",
"categoryName":"Community Interactions"
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"itemId":"228X6V3K",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"An effective, bright, and very distinct color pattern that a prey species can display suddenly to scare a predator is called",
"correctAnswerText":" startle coloration.",
"incorrectText1":" modeling.",
"incorrectText2":" aggressive mimicry.",
"incorrectText3":" mimicry.",
"categoryName":"Community Interactions"
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"itemId":"JWWD0R5U",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"A species that is a mimic may",
"correctAnswerText":" have behavior similar to that of another species.",
"incorrectText1":" produce chemicals that deter predators.",
"incorrectText2":" resemble its surroundings.",
"incorrectText3":" use bright colors to warn that it is harmful.",
"categoryName":"Community Interactions"
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"questionText":"A caterpillar develops toxic spikes to deter the bird that preys on it. Over time the bird develops a digestive enzyme that neutralizes the toxin. This is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" coevolution.",
"incorrectText1":" an invasive species.",
"incorrectText2":" parasitism.",
"incorrectText3":" mutualism.",
"categoryName":"Community Interactions"
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"itemId":"H5D3Q60F",
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"questionText":"A predator might use ________ to enable it to catch its prey.",
"correctAnswerText":" camouflage",
"incorrectText1":" startle coloration",
"incorrectText2":" warning coloration",
"incorrectText3":" symbiosis",
"categoryName":"Community Interactions"
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"itemId":"3WI7OIP8",
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"questionText":"Which behavioral response to the threat of predation is most likely to be selected for in a species that uses camouflage for protection from predators?",
"correctAnswerText":" Motionless behavior",
"incorrectText1":" A quick escape response",
"incorrectText2":" Sudden display to startle the predator",
"incorrectText3":" Cooperative behavior",
"categoryName":"Community Interactions"
},
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"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Trees often produce secondary chemicals to deter herbivores from feeding on their leaves; in turn, many herbivores have developed ways of avoiding or detoxifying these chemicals. This is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" coevolution.",
"incorrectText1":" competitive exclusion.",
"incorrectText2":" predatory avoidance.",
"incorrectText3":" parasitic evolution.",
"categoryName":"Community Interactions"
},
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"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
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"questionText":"Harmless king snakes mimic the color patterns of venomous coral snakes, which serve as models. If avoidance were based solely on prior predator experience with the model, what do you predict would happen in areas where coral snakes were never present?",
"correctAnswerText":" Predators would attack and eat king snakes.",
"incorrectText1":" Predators would initially attack and eat king snakes but soon learn to avoid them.",
"incorrectText2":" Predators would avoid king snakes.",
"incorrectText3":" Predators would initially avoid king snakes but soon learn to attack and eat them.",
"categoryName":"Community Interactions"
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"questionText":"The ultimate source of energy for every living organism on Earth is",
"correctAnswerText":" the sun.",
"incorrectText1":" coal.",
"incorrectText2":" nuclear sources.",
"incorrectText3":" volcanoes.",
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"itemId":"5UMVKFFR",
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"questionText":"The atoms that make up the molecules in our bodies",
"correctAnswerText":" have nearly all been on Earth throughout its entire history.",
"incorrectText1":" cannot be rearranged to make different molecules under any circumstances.",
"incorrectText2":" traveled to Earth as electromagnetic waves.",
"incorrectText3":" were all formed recently by nuclear fusion on the sun.",
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"itemId":"6M7C6Z9W",
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"questionText":"What happens to 99% of the energy that reaches Earth's atmosphere?",
"correctAnswerText":" It is reflected or absorbed by the atmosphere, clouds, and Earth's surface.",
"incorrectText1":" It is captured by plants and used in photosynthesis.",
"incorrectText2":" It is destroyed by the atmosphere.",
"incorrectText3":" It is used as heat by animals.",
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"itemId":"D41HJLCA",
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"questionText":"How much of the energy that reaches Earth's outer atmosphere from the sun is available for photosynthesis in plants at Earth's surface?",
"correctAnswerText":"1%",
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"incorrectText2":"21%",
"incorrectText3":"14%",
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"questionText":"Only a small percentage of the energy produced by the sun is actually used by living organisms. What percentage of energy produced by the sun is captured by photosynthetic organisms?",
"correctAnswerText":"0.03%",
"incorrectText1":"5%",
"incorrectText2":"3%",
"incorrectText3":"1%",
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"questionText":"If a bird eats an insect that ate a plant, the bird is considered a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" secondary consumer.",
"incorrectText1":" autotroph.",
"incorrectText2":" primary producer.",
"incorrectText3":" primary consumer.",
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"questionText":"A deer that gets its energy from eating plants is a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" herbivore.",
"incorrectText1":" omnivore.",
"incorrectText2":" primary producer.",
"incorrectText3":" tertiary consumer.",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow and Nutrients"
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"questionText":"If a fox eats a rodent that ate a smaller insect that ate a plant, the fox is a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" tertiary consumer.",
"incorrectText1":" autotroph.",
"incorrectText2":" primary producer.",
"incorrectText3":" primary consumer.",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow and Nutrients"
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"questionText":"The photosynthetic bacteria that form the basis of the food chain in Great Salt Lake are classified as",
"correctAnswerText":" primary producers.",
"incorrectText1":" omnivores.",
"incorrectText2":" herbivores.",
"incorrectText3":" secondary consumers.",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow and Nutrients"
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"questionText":"If the plants in a community produce 500 grams of organic matter per square meter per year that is available for animals in the community to eat, this amount of energy is known as the",
"correctAnswerText":" net primary productivity of the community.",
"incorrectText1":" availability factor of the community.",
"incorrectText2":" consumership of the community.",
"incorrectText3":" secondary productivity of the community.",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow and Nutrients"
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"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The amount of life that an ecosystem can support is determined primarily by the",
"correctAnswerText":" number of producers and their efficiency.",
"incorrectText1":" efficiency of the consumers.",
"incorrectText2":" number of heterotrophs.",
"incorrectText3":" number of chemoautotrophs.",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow and Nutrients"
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"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Organisms that must rely on complex, high-energy molecules produced by other organisms for survival are",
"correctAnswerText":" heterotrophs.",
"incorrectText1":" producers.",
"incorrectText2":" autotrophs.",
"incorrectText3":" denitrifying bacteria.",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow and Nutrients"
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"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which level of the energy pyramid has the greatest biomass?",
"correctAnswerText":" Producers",
"incorrectText1":" Heterotrophs",
"incorrectText2":" Carnivores",
"incorrectText3":" Primary consumers",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow and Nutrients"
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"questionText":"The first trophic level of an ecosystem consists of",
"correctAnswerText":" producers.",
"incorrectText1":" primary consumers.",
"incorrectText2":" detritus feeders.",
"incorrectText3":" secondary consumers.",
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"questionText":"A carnivore is usually a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" secondary consumer.",
"incorrectText1":" primary producer.",
"incorrectText2":" secondary producer.",
"incorrectText3":" primary consumer.",
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"questionText":"The ________ are an important and often overlooked group of organisms that release nutrients into the soil or water.",
"correctAnswerText":" decomposers",
"incorrectText1":" producers",
"incorrectText2":" heterotrophs",
"incorrectText3":" tertiary consumers",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow and Nutrients"
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"questionText":"The amount of energy lost as it passes from one trophic level to another is approximately",
"correctAnswerText":" 90%.",
"incorrectText1":" 99%.",
"incorrectText2":" 75%.",
"incorrectText3":" 63%.",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow and Nutrients"
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"questionText":"If a field contains approximately 1,000 kilocalories of energy in grass, which is eaten by crickets, which are eaten by birds, then approximately how many kilocalories of energy could be in the birds that live in this field?",
"correctAnswerText":"10",
"incorrectText1":"1,000",
"incorrectText2":"900",
"incorrectText3":"100",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow and Nutrients"
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"questionText":"A carnivorous plant, such as a sundew, may be considered both a ________ when it eats a carnivorous spider.",
"correctAnswerText":" producer and a tertiary consumer",
"incorrectText1":" producer and a secondary consumer",
"incorrectText2":" producer and a primary consumer",
"incorrectText3":" primary consumer and a secondary consumer",
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"questionText":"The amount of energy captured by plants and made available to consumers in an ecosystem is called",
"correctAnswerText":" net primary productivity.",
"incorrectText1":" energy pyramid.",
"incorrectText2":" biological magnification.",
"incorrectText3":" nutrient cycling.",
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"questionText":"Certain bacteria and fungi that are important in nutrient recycling because they release nutrients from dead organisms back into the ecosystem are",
"correctAnswerText":" decomposers.",
"incorrectText1":" autotrophs.",
"incorrectText2":" carnivores.",
"incorrectText3":" detritus feeders.",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow and Nutrients"
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"itemId":"H5D3Q60F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Autotrophs gain energy from",
"correctAnswerText":" the sun and inorganic nutrients.",
"incorrectText1":" primary producers.",
"incorrectText2":" secondary consumers.",
"incorrectText3":" secondary producers.",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow and Nutrients"
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"itemId":"3WI7OIP8",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Net primary production is",
"correctAnswerText":" energy that photosynthetic organisms make available to other organisms over a given period of time.",
"incorrectText1":" energy stored by secondary consumers from primary biomass.",
"incorrectText2":" energy made by autotrophs minus energy consumed by heterotrophs, and measured as biomass.",
"incorrectText3":" heterotrophic production per unit of land per unit of time.",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow and Nutrients"
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"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following terms correctly describes carnivores?",
"correctAnswerText":" Secondary consumers",
"incorrectText1":" Primary consumers",
"incorrectText2":" Autotrophs",
"incorrectText3":" Detritus consumers",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow and Nutrients"
},
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"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Detritus feeders consume",
"correctAnswerText":" dead organic matter.",
"incorrectText1":" herbivores.",
"incorrectText2":" plants and plant debris.",
"incorrectText3":" secondary consumers and primary debris.",
"categoryName":"Energy Flow and Nutrients"
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"questionText":"What is the role of the ozone layer?",
"correctAnswerText":" It reduces the amount of UV light that reaches Earth's surface.",
"incorrectText1":" It increases the amount of sunlight that reaches the poles.",
"incorrectText2":" It increases photosynthesis in Antarctic phytoplankton.",
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"questionText":"The temperatures at the equator remain warm year-round because",
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"incorrectText1":" East",
"incorrectText2":" North",
"incorrectText3":" South",
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"questionText":"A(n) ________ is an area that is very dry because the air in that region has passed over a mountain and lost most of its moisture.",
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"incorrectText1":" basin",
"incorrectText2":" chaparral",
"incorrectText3":" tropical desert",
"categoryName":"Ecosystems"
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"questionText":"A rain shadow is caused by",
"correctAnswerText":" cool, dry air that warms as it moves down over a mountain, picking up moisture.",
"incorrectText1":" ocean currents that heat and cool more quickly than do air or landmasses.",
"incorrectText2":" ocean currents that heat and cool more slowly than do air or landmasses.",
"incorrectText3":" warm, moist air that cools as it moves down over a mountain, releasing moisture.",
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"questionText":"Maintaining the ozone layer is crucial for life because it",
"correctAnswerText":" absorbs high-energy UV radiation.",
"incorrectText1":" absorbs low-energy UV radiation.",
"incorrectText2":" blocks high-energy IR radiation.",
"incorrectText3":" blocks low-energy IR radiation.",
"categoryName":"Ecosystems"
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"itemId":"VV0YFCYH",
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"questionText":"Earth's ozone layer is extremely important because it",
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"incorrectText1":" maintains high carbon dioxide concentrations so that photosynthesis can occur.",
"incorrectText2":" traps heat so that Earth's temperature does not fall too much.",
"incorrectText3":" blocks incoming visible light to protect Earth against the greenhouse effect.",
"categoryName":"Ecosystems"
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"questionText":"The destruction of the ozone layer is caused by a chemical reaction between UV light and",
"correctAnswerText":" chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).",
"incorrectText1":" nitrogen.",
"incorrectText2":" helium.",
"incorrectText3":" methane.",
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"questionText":"The ozone hole over Antarctica and the general lowering of ozone levels elsewhere in the stratosphere have been attributed to the ozone-destroying properties of",
"correctAnswerText":" chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).",
"incorrectText1":" carbon dioxide and methane.",
"incorrectText2":" endocrine-disrupting chemicals.",
"incorrectText3":" sulfur dioxide.",
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"questionText":"Why do higher-latitude ecosystems experience more pronounced seasons than ecosystems at equatorial latitudes?",
"correctAnswerText":" Earth is tilted on its axis as it orbits the sun annually.",
"incorrectText1":" Air currents generated by Earth's rotation have stronger effects at higher latitudes.",
"incorrectText2":" Heated air rises at the equator and falls at mid-latitudes.",
"incorrectText3":" The mass of the continents is greater at the equator, which evens out temperature variations in ocean circulation.",
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"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The major driving force behind winds, ocean currents, and the global water cycle is",
"correctAnswerText":" heat produced by the sun.",
"incorrectText1":" geothermal heating from beneath Earth's surface.",
"incorrectText2":" Earth's magnetic field.",
"incorrectText3":" the gravitational pull of the moon.",
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"questionText":"What are the fundamental resources required to support life?",
"correctAnswerText":" Water, nutrients, energy, appropriate temperatures",
"incorrectText1":" Nutrients, oxygen, sugar, appropriate temperatures",
"incorrectText2":" Water, energy, oxygen, nutrients",
"incorrectText3":" Oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, water",
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"questionText":"The thick, green stems and spike-like leaves of cacti and euphorbias are adaptations to",
"correctAnswerText":" conserve water in dry environments.",
"incorrectText1":" collect light in environments that have limited amounts of light.",
"incorrectText2":" increase gas exchange in oxygen-poor environments.",
"incorrectText3":" speed up heating and cooling in environments that have little temperature fluctuation.",
"categoryName":"Ecosystems"
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"questionText":"________ are large areas that have similar environmental conditions and characteristic plant communities.",
"correctAnswerText":" Biomes",
"incorrectText1":" Climatic zones",
"incorrectText2":" Ecosystems",
"incorrectText3":" Climax communities",
"categoryName":"Ecosystems"
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"questionText":"The greatest diversity of plants and animals is found in",
"correctAnswerText":" tropical rain forests.",
"incorrectText1":" temperate deciduous forests.",
"incorrectText2":" chaparrals.",
"incorrectText3":" northern coniferous forests.",
"categoryName":"Ecosystems"
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"questionText":"In a tropical rain forest, the majority of animals are found",
"correctAnswerText":" in the towering treetops.",
"incorrectText1":" on the forest floor.",
"incorrectText2":" in the soil.",
"incorrectText3":" in the cleared areas.",
"categoryName":"Ecosystems"
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"questionText":"Which of the following North American biomes has been almost completely destroyed by agricultural use?",
"correctAnswerText":" Grassland",
"incorrectText1":" Desert",
"incorrectText2":" Temperate deciduous forest",
"incorrectText3":" Tundra",
"categoryName":"Ecosystems"
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"questionText":"Why do most of the flowers in a temperate deciduous forest bloom in the spring?",
"correctAnswerText":" The leaves of deciduous trees do not block the light in the spring, therefore allowing sunlight to reach the forest floor.",
"incorrectText1":" The spring is the dry season; most of the rain falls during the cool, wet winters.",
"incorrectText2":" The largest number of insect pollinators is available in the spring.",
"incorrectText3":" Nutrients are most available in the spring.",
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"questionText":"In the fall, the trees in a temperate deciduous forest lose their leaves primarily as an adaptation to",
"correctAnswerText":" lack of available water.",
"incorrectText1":" changing light.",
"incorrectText2":" cooler temperatures.",
"incorrectText3":" lack of accessible nutrients.",
"categoryName":"Ecosystems"
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"questionText":"A(n) ________ is a cold region with evergreen coniferous trees as the dominant vegetation.",
"correctAnswerText":" northern coniferous forest",
"incorrectText1":" savanna",
"incorrectText2":" tundra",
"incorrectText3":" arctic",
"categoryName":"Ecosystems"
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"questionText":"What is the dominant vegetation of the savanna?",
"correctAnswerText":" Grasses",
"incorrectText1":" Trees with waxy needles",
"incorrectText2":" Cocoa",
"incorrectText3":" Trees that lose their leaves",
"categoryName":"Ecosystems"
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"questionText":"The vast treeless region near the Arctic Ocean is the",
"correctAnswerText":" tundra.",
"incorrectText1":" savanna.",
"incorrectText2":" northern coniferous forest.",
"incorrectText3":" permafrost.",
"categoryName":"Ecosystems"
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"questionText":"Permafrost is associated with which of these biomes?",
"correctAnswerText":" Tundra",
"incorrectText1":" Littoral",
"incorrectText2":" Northern coniferous forest",
"incorrectText3":" Temperate deciduous forest",
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"questionText":"The striking dissimilarities in plant communities among different biomes that have the same average yearly amount of rainfall can be explained by the fact that",
"correctAnswerText":" temperature and rainfall interact to influence plant communities.",
"incorrectText1":" plant communities are not influenced by rainfall.",
"incorrectText2":" plant communities evolve more slowly than changes in weather patterns.",
"incorrectText3":" plant communities occur randomly, depending on where seeds are blown or carried.",
"categoryName":"Ecosystems"
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"questionText":"The northern coniferous forest is characterized by",
"correctAnswerText":" long and cold winters, short growing seasons, and conifers.",
"incorrectText1":" dry soils that lack vegetation.",
"incorrectText2":" tallgrass.",
"incorrectText3":" fire-adapted plants.",
"categoryName":"Ecosystems"
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"questionText":"The major goal of conservation biology is to",
"correctAnswerText":" preserve the diversity of living organisms.",
"incorrectText1":" restore the biosphere to its previously unspoiled condition.",
"incorrectText2":" make the biosphere more habitable for humanity.",
"incorrectText3":" increase the population sizes of all species.",
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"questionText":"The variety and abundance of the different species that make up a community is the ________ of a community.",
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"incorrectText2":" conservation biology",
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"questionText":"________ takes into account both the biotic (living) communities and the abiotic (nonliving) environments on which the communities depend.",
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"incorrectText1":" Genetic diversity",
"incorrectText2":" Conservation biology",
"incorrectText3":" Species diversity",
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"questionText":"Maintaining soil fertility, purifying water, producing oxygen, and decomposing waste are all examples of",
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"incorrectText1":" ecological footprint.",
"incorrectText2":" biodiversity.",
"incorrectText3":" biocapacity.",
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"questionText":"In 2005, the authors of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment concluded that ________% of Earth's ecosystem services is being degraded.",
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"incorrectText2":"5",
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"questionText":"Plants help reduce flooding by",
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"incorrectText1":" removing soil.",
"incorrectText2":" increasing CO2 levels.",
"incorrectText3":" breaking down the soil.",
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"questionText":"Tropical rain forests provide all of the following EXCEPT:",
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"incorrectText1":" wood used for cooking by local residents.",
"incorrectText2":" traditional medicines.",
"incorrectText3":" hardwoods for consumers worldwide.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is NOT an example of how plant communities continue to support healthy ecosystems?",
"correctAnswerText":" Plants increase levels of CO2, by releasing CO2 as a byproduct of photosynthesis.",
"incorrectText1":" Plant roots stabilize soil and prevent erosion.",
"incorrectText2":" Leafy trees provide shade, thereby reducing temperatures.",
"incorrectText3":" Forests support the water cycle, through evaporation returning water to the atmosphere.",
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"questionText":"Traditional medicines, which are used by the majority of people in less developed countries, are primarily derived from",
"correctAnswerText":" plants.",
"incorrectText1":" water.",
"incorrectText2":" rock.",
"incorrectText3":" animals.",
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"questionText":"In the soil, ________ convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use.",
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"incorrectText1":" plants",
"incorrectText2":" fungi",
"incorrectText3":" worms",
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"questionText":"Plants prevent erosion by",
"correctAnswerText":" blocking winds and stabilizing soil with extensive root systems.",
"incorrectText1":" holding water.",
"incorrectText2":" supporting animals that consume excess water.",
"incorrectText3":" promoting flooding.",
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"questionText":"Coastal wetlands, or marshes, serve to",
"correctAnswerText":" absorb water from major storms.",
"incorrectText1":" purify water farther upriver.",
"incorrectText2":" store phosphorus.",
"incorrectText3":" return nitrogen to the atmosphere.",
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"questionText":"What human activity can cause flooding along riverbanks?",
"correctAnswerText":" Removal of forests and wetlands along the river",
"incorrectText1":" Decreased conversion of forests to farmland",
"incorrectText2":" Overfishing",
"incorrectText3":" Increased evaporation due to fewer trees",
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"questionText":"Forests influence local climates by",
"correctAnswerText":" transpiring water into the atmosphere.",
"incorrectText1":" increasing the temperature via photosynthesis.",
"incorrectText2":" increasing the amount of water runoff.",
"incorrectText3":" increasing evaporation by blocking winds.",
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"questionText":"Clear-cutting of rain forests may result in the local climate becoming",
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"incorrectText1":" cooler and drier.",
"incorrectText2":" cooler and wetter.",
"incorrectText3":" hotter and wetter.",
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"questionText":"Deforestation impacts the climate in what way?",
"correctAnswerText":" Increasing the levels of carbon dioxide",
"incorrectText1":" Increasing the levels of oxygen",
"incorrectText2":" Decreasing global temperature",
"incorrectText3":" Decreasing the amount of wood available for building shelter",
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"questionText":"Why is it important to preserve the genes of the wild relatives of crop plants?",
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"incorrectText1":" By preserving the genes, we can control the growth of the wild relatives, which threaten our crop plants.",
"incorrectText2":" The wild relatives are the food sources for all domestic animal species.",
"incorrectText3":" The wild species have all become extinct.",
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"questionText":"Most of the world's food supply comes from",
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"incorrectText2":" wild plants.",
"incorrectText3":" frost-resistant crops.",
"categoryName":"Conserving Biodiversity"
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"questionText":"Attempts are being made to restore the Kissimmee River, in the Florida Everglades, in order to",
"correctAnswerText":" improve the water quality and restore biodiversity.",
"incorrectText1":" reduce ecotourism.",
"incorrectText2":" expand development.",
"incorrectText3":" use more land for agriculture.",
"categoryName":"Conserving Biodiversity"
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"questionText":"The project to straighten the Kissimmee River in the mid-twentieth century and the subsequent loss of wetlands resulted in",
"correctAnswerText":" a pollution problem.",
"incorrectText1":" a decline in populations of invasive species.",
"incorrectText2":" an increase in the local average temperature.",
"incorrectText3":" enhanced natural water purification.",
"categoryName":"Conserving Biodiversity"
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"questionText":"The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, begun in 2000, has already resulted in",
"correctAnswerText":" an improvement in water quality and the populations of native birds.",
"incorrectText1":" a decrease in the populations of native plants, birds, and fish.",
"incorrectText2":" the need to build more water treatment facilities.",
"incorrectText3":" restoration of the Kissimmee River to its original flow pattern.",
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"questionText":"The most likely explanation for any mass-extinction event is",
"correctAnswerText":" rapid environmental change.",
"incorrectText1":" loss of genetic diversity due to inbreeding.",
"incorrectText2":" a gradual increase in global temperature.",
"incorrectText3":" coevolution of predator and prey species.",
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"questionText":"Some biologists believe that life on Earth is in the midst of a sixth major mass-extinction event caused by",
"correctAnswerText":" human activity.",
"incorrectText1":" loss of genetic diversity due to inbreeding.",
"incorrectText2":" a gradual decrease in global temperature.",
"incorrectText3":" coevolution of predator and prey species.",
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"questionText":"It is difficult to estimate current rates of extinction because",
"correctAnswerText":" the number of species is unknown; many still remain undiscovered to science.",
"incorrectText1":" the fossil record is unreliable.",
"incorrectText2":" extinction is very rare.",
"incorrectText3":" new species are evolving as fast as species are becoming extinct.",
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"questionText":"The idea that several species in a community have functionally equivalent roles but vary in their ability to withstand environmental stressors is called the ________ hypothesis.",
"correctAnswerText":" redundancy",
"incorrectText1":" multiple species",
"incorrectText2":" unextinction",
"incorrectText3":" rivet",
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"questionText":"Most body systems maintain homeostasis through ________ systems.",
"correctAnswerText":" negative feedback",
"incorrectText1":" positive feedback",
"incorrectText2":" monitoring",
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"questionText":"Hypertension damages the lining of the arterioles of the kidneys, which results in the release of molecules that further raise blood pressure. This is an example of a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" positive feedback loop.",
"incorrectText1":" negative feedback loop.",
"incorrectText2":" controlling mechanism.",
"incorrectText3":" uncontrolled mechanism.",
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"questionText":"What is the primary reason internal homeostasis must be maintained?",
"correctAnswerText":" Wide swings in the internal environment interfere with normal metabolic reactions.",
"incorrectText1":" Homeostasis prevents the wasting of stockpiles of coenzymes.",
"incorrectText2":" Enzymes must retain their correct three-dimensional structure.",
"incorrectText3":" Unregulated variations cause the cells' DNA to mutate.",
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"questionText":"In the description of homeostasis, the term dynamic constancy refers to",
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"incorrectText1":" a constant movement toward equilibrium.",
"incorrectText2":" the direct interaction of each positive feedback system with its corresponding negative feedback system.",
"incorrectText3":" the use of ATP to initiate a cascade effect.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop?",
"correctAnswerText":" Stress altering the normal menstrual cycle, which delays menstruation, which causes more stress",
"incorrectText1":" A hummingbird maintaining a constant internal body temperature",
"incorrectText2":" A person altering her breathing rate to keep blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45",
"incorrectText3":" The kidney retaining water when the organism becomes dehydrated",
"categoryName":" Homeostasis and Organization"
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"questionText":"After eating a large meal of pasta, an individual's blood sugar levels are elevated. In response to this, the pancreas secretes a hormone called insulin, which acts to lower blood sugar levels. Once the blood sugar levels drop to the normal level, the pancreas stops secreting insulin. This is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" a negative feedback loop.",
"incorrectText1":" acid—base imbalance.",
"incorrectText2":" reactions between carbon monoxide and acids.",
"incorrectText3":" a positive feedback loop.",
"categoryName":" Homeostasis and Organization"
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"questionText":"Which of the following controls the temperature in endothermic animals?",
"correctAnswerText":" Hypothalamus",
"incorrectText1":" Autonomic nervous system",
"incorrectText2":" Positive feedback systems",
"incorrectText3":" Reflexive skeletal muscles",
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"questionText":"One biological example of a positive feedback system is",
"correctAnswerText":" heatstroke.",
"incorrectText1":" temperature regulation.",
"incorrectText2":" blood pH levels.",
"incorrectText3":" water balance.",
"categoryName":" Homeostasis and Organization"
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"questionText":"What happens if homeostasis is not maintained?",
"correctAnswerText":" Cells lose the ability to carry out normal functions.",
"incorrectText1":" Organisms function better.",
"incorrectText2":" Cellular metabolism is unchanged.",
"incorrectText3":" Cells begin dividing uncontrollably.",
"categoryName":" Homeostasis and Organization"
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"questionText":"In humans, the body needs to maintain oxygen levels within narrow homeostatic ranges. If the blood oxygen level drops below that range, the body responds by",
"correctAnswerText":" using negative feedback loops to return the oxygen level to normal.",
"incorrectText1":" using negative feedback loops to further lower the oxygen level.",
"incorrectText2":" using positive feedback to raise the oxygen level.",
"incorrectText3":" using positive feedback to further lower the oxygen level.",
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"questionText":"Groups of tissues that function together form a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" organ.",
"incorrectText1":" organ system.",
"incorrectText2":" system.",
"incorrectText3":" individual.",
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"questionText":"Similar cells that perform a particular function are known as",
"correctAnswerText":" tissues.",
"incorrectText1":" organs.",
"incorrectText2":" organ systems.",
"incorrectText3":" organisms.",
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"questionText":"What is a gland?",
"correctAnswerText":" A cluster of epithelial or nervous cells that release a secretion",
"incorrectText1":" A type of tissue that makes cartilage",
"incorrectText2":" A special connection between muscle cells",
"incorrectText3":" A group of cells that replaces the stomach lining every few days",
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"questionText":"The lining of the trachea is formed from ________ tissue.",
"correctAnswerText":" epithelial",
"incorrectText1":" connective",
"incorrectText2":" muscle",
"incorrectText3":" nerve",
"categoryName":" Homeostasis and Organization"
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"questionText":"Which tissue is characterized by a basement membrane and a single layer of flattened cells with a free surface?",
"correctAnswerText":" Simple epithelium",
"incorrectText1":" Connective tissue",
"incorrectText2":" Muscle tissue",
"incorrectText3":" Stratified epithelium",
"categoryName":" Homeostasis and Organization"
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"questionText":"Blood is a type of ________ tissue.",
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"incorrectText1":" epithelial",
"incorrectText2":" muscle",
"incorrectText3":" nerve",
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"questionText":"The mucus-secreting glands of the respiratory system are composed of ________ tissue.",
"correctAnswerText":" epithelial",
"incorrectText1":" adipose",
"incorrectText2":" muscle",
"incorrectText3":" connective",
"categoryName":" Homeostasis and Organization"
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"questionText":"In stratified epithelium, cell division occurs",
"correctAnswerText":" in the cells at the base layer only.",
"incorrectText1":" in the surface cell layer only.",
"incorrectText2":" in the basement membrane only.",
"incorrectText3":" throughout all the layers.",
"categoryName":" Homeostasis and Organization"
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"questionText":"The basement membrane in epithelial tissue",
"correctAnswerText":" provides strength and support.",
"incorrectText1":" is the layer that contains the dividing cells.",
"incorrectText2":" transmits nervous stimuli.",
"incorrectText3":" contracts to move the skin.",
"categoryName":" Homeostasis and Organization"
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"questionText":"The mucus that traps dust particles in the lungs is produced by",
"correctAnswerText":" epithelial tissue.",
"incorrectText1":" adipose tissue.",
"incorrectText2":" connective tissue.",
"incorrectText3":" muscle tissue.",
"categoryName":" Homeostasis and Organization"
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"questionText":"The pads that cushion the vertebrae are made of",
"correctAnswerText":" cartilage.",
"incorrectText1":" bone.",
"incorrectText2":" matrix.",
"incorrectText3":" fat.",
"categoryName":" Homeostasis and Organization"
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"itemId":"H5D3Q60F",
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"questionText":"Large amounts of extracellular material are characteristic of",
"correctAnswerText":" loose connective tissue.",
"incorrectText1":" simple epithelium.",
"incorrectText2":" stratified epithelium.",
"incorrectText3":" nervous tissue.",
"categoryName":" Homeostasis and Organization"
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"questionText":"Widely scattered cells embedded in large amounts of extracellular material composed of randomly arranged collagen fibers make up",
"correctAnswerText":" loose connective tissue.",
"incorrectText1":" cardiac muscle.",
"incorrectText2":" adipose tissue.",
"incorrectText3":" dense connective tissue.",
"categoryName":" Homeostasis and Organization"
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"questionText":"Cartilage, bone, and blood are examples of ________ tissue.",
"correctAnswerText":" connective",
"incorrectText1":" muscle",
"incorrectText2":" nerve",
"incorrectText3":" epithelial",
"categoryName":" Homeostasis and Organization"
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"questionText":"Which of the following tissues is used for energy storage?",
"correctAnswerText":" Adipose",
"incorrectText1":" Blood",
"incorrectText2":" Cartilage",
"incorrectText3":" Dense connective",
"categoryName":" Homeostasis and Organization"
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"questionText":"Of the following answer choices, which would NOT be found in a closed circulatory system?",
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"incorrectText1":" Blood",
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"questionText":"In a grasshopper, all the body tissues are bathed in blood that is in the",
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"incorrectText2":" heart.",
"incorrectText3":" tracheae.",
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"questionText":"In animals that have open circulatory systems, the interstitial fluid that functions as blood is called",
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"incorrectText2":" leukocyte.",
"incorrectText3":" plasma.",
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"questionText":"In vertebrates, which heart chamber supplies oxygenated blood to the body cells?",
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"incorrectText2":" Left atrium",
"incorrectText3":" Right ventricle",
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"questionText":"In which vertebrate group are there two atria but only a single ventricle?",
"correctAnswerText":" Some reptiles",
"incorrectText1":" Fishes",
"incorrectText2":" Crocodiles",
"incorrectText3":" Birds",
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"questionText":"Which of the following have four-chambered hearts?",
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"incorrectText1":" Spiders",
"incorrectText2":" Frogs",
"incorrectText3":" Fish",
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"questionText":"Which set of chambers supplies blood to the pulmonary circulation?",
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"incorrectText1":" Atria",
"incorrectText2":" Ventricles",
"incorrectText3":" Left atrium and left ventricle",
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"questionText":"Which heart chamber is the most muscular?",
"correctAnswerText":" Left ventricle",
"incorrectText1":" Right atrium",
"incorrectText2":" Left atrium",
"incorrectText3":" Right ventricle",
"categoryName":"Circulation"
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"questionText":"The left ventricle is more muscular than the right ventricle because it must push the blood",
"correctAnswerText":" through the body's extensive system of vessels that nourish all cells.",
"incorrectText1":" through the pulmonary arteries only.",
"incorrectText2":" against gas pressure in the lungs.",
"incorrectText3":" through wider blood vessels.",
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"questionText":"Gap junctions",
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"incorrectText2":" connect veins and arteries.",
"incorrectText3":" are found in white blood cells.",
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"questionText":"It is important that the atrioventricular (AV) node produce a delay between the contraction of the atria and the contraction of the ventricles because this allows the",
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"incorrectText1":" heart to rest for a brief period of time.",
"incorrectText2":" atria to contract in smooth synchrony.",
"incorrectText3":" ventricles to contract in smooth synchrony.",
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"questionText":"An artificial pacemaker is a device that replaces the actions of the",
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"incorrectText1":" atrioventricular node.",
"incorrectText2":" atria.",
"incorrectText3":" ventricles.",
"categoryName":"Circulation"
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"questionText":"In fish, blood leaving the heart goes directly to the",
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"incorrectText2":" swimming muscles.",
"incorrectText3":" brain.",
"categoryName":"Circulation"
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"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
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"questionText":"Which of these animals has a heart with only two chambers?",
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"incorrectText2":" Human",
"incorrectText3":" Bullfrog",
"categoryName":"Circulation"
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"questionText":"In mammals, blood with a low oxygen content enters the ________ of the heart.",
"correctAnswerText":" right atrium",
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"incorrectText2":" left atrium",
"incorrectText3":" left ventricle",
"categoryName":"Circulation"
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"questionText":"If a person's blood pressure is 120/70, the 70 refers to the pressure",
"correctAnswerText":" during relaxation of the heart.",
"incorrectText1":" during contraction of the left ventricle only.",
"incorrectText2":" during contraction of both ventricles.",
"incorrectText3":" during contraction of the vena cava.",
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"questionText":"Ventricles force blood directly into the",
"correctAnswerText":" arteries.",
"incorrectText1":" veins.",
"incorrectText2":" capillaries.",
"incorrectText3":" arterioles.",
"categoryName":"Circulation"
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"questionText":"The human heart contains cells that do all of the following EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" create new red blood cells.",
"incorrectText1":" contract.",
"incorrectText2":" respond to signals from the nervous system.",
"incorrectText3":" generate electrical signals.",
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"questionText":"The ________ valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.",
"correctAnswerText":" semilunar",
"incorrectText1":" atrioventricular",
"incorrectText2":" bicuspid",
"incorrectText3":" tricuspid",
"categoryName":"Circulation"
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"questionText":"What is the cardiac cycle?",
"correctAnswerText":" The alternating relaxation and contraction of the heart chambers",
"incorrectText1":" The movement of blood from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart",
"incorrectText2":" The passage of electrical impulses from the AV node to the SN node to heart muscle",
"incorrectText3":" The movement of blood from systemic to pulmonary circulation",
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"questionText":"All of the following are true of the SA node EXCEPT that it",
"correctAnswerText":" directly stimulates the ventricles.",
"incorrectText1":" directly stimulates the atria.",
"incorrectText2":" is the pacemaker.",
"incorrectText3":" is influenced by nerve impulses and hormones.",
"categoryName":"Circulation"
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"questionText":"All organisms that rely on cellular respiration to produce the energy they need for life need to take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from their bodies. This process is known as",
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"questionText":"If a respiratory surface dries out, gas exchange will",
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"incorrectText3":" decrease for carbon dioxide but increase for oxygen.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following structures protects the delicate gills of fish?",
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"incorrectText2":" Tracheoles",
"incorrectText3":" Spiracles",
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"questionText":"All of the following are stages in gas exchange in respiratory systems EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" active transport of O2 into the circulatory system.",
"incorrectText1":" air moving across the system by bulk flow.",
"incorrectText2":" diffusion of O2 and CO2 across the respiratory membranes.",
"incorrectText3":" transport of gases by the circulatory system by the bulk flow of blood.",
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"questionText":"Which of these animals can have gills for gas exchange?",
"correctAnswerText":" Tadpoles",
"incorrectText1":" Insects",
"incorrectText2":" Earthworms",
"incorrectText3":" Spiders",
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"questionText":"What are spiracles?",
"correctAnswerText":" Openings into the tracheae of insects",
"incorrectText1":" Openings between the gills of a frog tadpole",
"incorrectText2":" Openings into the alveoli of the lungs",
"incorrectText3":" Openings to the bronchi",
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"questionText":"All of the following are respiratory surfaces EXCEPT for the",
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"incorrectText1":" tracheae of a fly.",
"incorrectText2":" skin of an earthworm.",
"incorrectText3":" gills of a fish.",
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"questionText":"The lungs of reptiles need to be better developed than those of amphibians because reptiles",
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"incorrectText1":" are larger animals.",
"incorrectText2":" have a higher metabolic rate.",
"incorrectText3":" lay shelled eggs.",
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"questionText":"Which of these animals takes up O2 through its skin?",
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"incorrectText1":" Desert lizard",
"incorrectText2":" Bat",
"incorrectText3":" Bird",
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"questionText":"The movement of a large amount of air from the atmosphere to a respiratory surface is an example of",
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"incorrectText1":" diffusion.",
"incorrectText2":" active transport.",
"incorrectText3":" facilitated diffusion.",
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"questionText":"Aquatic animals, in general, face more of a challenge when extracting oxygen from their environment than do terrestrial animals. Why?",
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"incorrectText2":" Aquatic animals lose ions to the environment.",
"incorrectText3":" Gills have thinner cells than alveoli.",
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"questionText":"Birds are able to sustain long flights at high altitudes because they",
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"incorrectText1":" have thicker blood than other animals, with many more red blood cells.",
"incorrectText2":" use anaerobic metabolism during flight.",
"incorrectText3":" decrease their heart rate during flight.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following structures decreases diffusion distances for oxygen and carbon dioxide?",
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"incorrectText1":" Scales",
"incorrectText2":" Spiracles",
"incorrectText3":" Larynx",
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"incorrectText1":" they have no immune system.",
"incorrectText2":" they breathe air.",
"incorrectText3":" their rapid metabolic processes ensure steep concentration gradients.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following organisms would use the skin as a primary respiratory surface?",
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"incorrectText1":" Snake",
"incorrectText2":" Lizard",
"incorrectText3":" Turtle",
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"incorrectText2":" Salamander, lizard, fish, bird",
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"questionText":"Which of these structures is analogous in function to the tracheoles in insects?",
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"incorrectText1":" Skin of an flatworm",
"incorrectText2":" Trachea of a bird",
"incorrectText3":" Skin of a reptile",
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"questionText":"Which of these structures is analogous in function to the alveoli in humans?",
"correctAnswerText":" Parabronchi of a bird",
"incorrectText1":" Spiracles of a grasshopper",
"incorrectText2":" Trachea of a frog",
"incorrectText3":" Skin of an alligator",
"categoryName":"Respiration"
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"questionText":"Which respiratory system characteristics are shared by fish, frogs, sponges, and earthworms?",
"correctAnswerText":" Gas exchange across a moist respiratory surface",
"incorrectText1":" Internal respiratory structures",
"incorrectText2":" Gas exchange across the skin",
"incorrectText3":" Respiratory system with a complex network of tubes",
"categoryName":"Respiration"
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"incorrectText3":" pyridoxine.",
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"incorrectText3":" proper kidney function.",
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"incorrectText3":" its shelf life.",
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"incorrectText2":" Zinc",
"incorrectText3":" Sodium",
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"incorrectText3":" the basal energy quotient.",
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"incorrectText2":" moderately sedentary",
"incorrectText3":" very sedentary, overweight",
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"questionText":"Which nutrients help neutralize free radicals?",
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"incorrectText3":" Monosaccharides",
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"incorrectText3":" enzymes are composed of proteins.",
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"incorrectText3":" Folic acid",
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"questionText":"When your mother told you to drink your milk because it would help build strong bones, she was",
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"incorrectText1":" wrong, because milk contains large amounts of vitamin C, which causes scurvy.",
"incorrectText2":" wrong, because milk contains large amounts of vitamin E, which helps with the formation of red blood cells.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following describes the role of urinary systems in maintaining cellular homeostasis?",
"correctAnswerText":" Urinary systems regulate the water balance to maintain the concentration of dissolved substances for cells.",
"incorrectText1":" Urinary systems ensure the delivery of the proper amount of nitrogen to the cells.",
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"questionText":"Amino acids that are metabolized by the body's cells are ultimately broken down to urea by the",
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"incorrectText3":" muscles.",
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"questionText":"Mammals excrete the cellular waste products of protein digestion in the form of",
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"incorrectText2":" Mollusk",
"incorrectText3":" Bird",
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"incorrectText2":" urethra.",
"incorrectText3":" nephron.",
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"incorrectText3":" arthropods.",
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"incorrectText1":" regulating water balance.",
"incorrectText2":" maintaining pH levels.",
"incorrectText3":" secreting hormones.",
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"incorrectText2":" bladder",
"incorrectText3":" collecting duct",
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"incorrectText3":" Nephrostome",
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"incorrectText3":" at the base of the brain.",
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"questionText":"Voluntary muscles control the",
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"incorrectText2":" internal urethral sphincter.",
"incorrectText3":" kidney.",
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"incorrectText1":" Pelvis",
"incorrectText2":" Medulla",
"incorrectText3":" Smooth muscle",
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"questionText":"The funnel-like chamber of the kidney is called the",
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"incorrectText2":" medulla.",
"incorrectText3":" smooth muscle.",
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"questionText":"All of the following are part of the nephron EXCEPT:",
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"incorrectText1":" Bowman's capsule.",
"incorrectText2":" the glomerulus.",
"incorrectText3":" loop of Henle.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following correctly traces the path of urine?",
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"incorrectText1":" Renal pelvis → urethra → bladder → ureter",
"incorrectText2":" Renal pelvis → uterus → bladder → urethra",
"incorrectText3":" Renal pelvis → bladder → ureter → urethra",
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"questionText":"Which structure collects filtrate from the blood?",
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"incorrectText3":" Loop of Henle",
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"questionText":"The network of capillaries where fluid is filtered out of the blood is the",
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"incorrectText2":" proximal tubule.",
"incorrectText3":" loop of Henle.",
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"questionText":"An average hemodialysis session usually lasts 4 hours and occurs about",
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"incorrectText1":" once a week.",
"incorrectText2":" 7 days a week.",
"incorrectText3":" 3 times a month.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following can cause kidney damage?",
"correctAnswerText":" Diabetes and high blood pressure",
"incorrectText1":" A low-protein diet",
"incorrectText2":" A low-carbohydrate diet",
"incorrectText3":" Low blood pressure",
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"questionText":"Which sequence properly describes the flow of blood through a kidney?",
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"incorrectText1":" Renal vein, venule, glomerulus, peritubular capillaries, arteriole, renal artery",
"incorrectText2":" Glomerulus, peritubular capillaries, renal artery, arteriole, venule, renal vein",
"incorrectText3":" Peritubule capillaries, glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, arteriole, renal artery",
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"questionText":"Which sequence properly describes the flow of filtrate through the nephron?",
"correctAnswerText":" Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct",
"incorrectText1":" Collecting duct, distal tubule, loop of Henle, proximal tubule, Bowman's capsule",
"incorrectText2":" Glomerulus, peritubular capillaries, renal artery, arteriole, venule, renal vein",
"incorrectText3":" Proximal tubule, loop of Henle, Bowman's capsule, distal tubule, collecting duct",
"categoryName":"The Urinary System"
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"incorrectText3":" Plasma cells",
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"questionText":"Nonspecific internal defenses include",
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"incorrectText2":" adaptive immune system.",
"incorrectText3":" skin.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is an example of a nonspecific response to infection?",
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"incorrectText1":" T cells",
"incorrectText2":" Antibodies",
"incorrectText3":" B cells",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
},
{
"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following predictions is the most accurate about a person who has normal external barriers and specific internal defenses but lacks nonspecific internal defenses?",
"correctAnswerText":" He will have many more infections than normal.",
"incorrectText1":" He won't be able to build immunity to microbes.",
"incorrectText2":" He won't be any different because the external barriers will keep out pathogens.",
"incorrectText3":" He won't be any different because the specific defenses will kill invading pathogens.",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
},
{
"itemId":"KI7116J4",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The skin inhibits bacterial growth by releasing",
"correctAnswerText":" lactic acid.",
"incorrectText1":" white blood cells.",
"incorrectText2":" T-cells.",
"incorrectText3":" macrophages.",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
},
{
"itemId":"1J3KH69F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Big eater cells that ingest and destroy microbes are",
"correctAnswerText":" macrophages.",
"incorrectText1":" natural killer cells.",
"incorrectText2":" plasma cells.",
"incorrectText3":" mast cells.",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
},
{
"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following are the first line of defense against microbial attack?",
"correctAnswerText":" External barriers",
"incorrectText1":" Nonspecific responses",
"incorrectText2":" Immune responses",
"incorrectText3":" Mucous and ciliary actions",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
},
{
"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"How does the skin act as a barrier to microbial invasion?",
"correctAnswerText":" Secretions from sweat glands and sebaceous glands inhibit bacterial growth.",
"incorrectText1":" Its moist surface slows bacterial growth.",
"incorrectText2":" The dead skin cells contain bacterial nutrients.",
"incorrectText3":" It releases B cells and T cells to fight infections.",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
},
{
"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The white blood cells that kill foreign cells exhibiting non-self MHC proteins are",
"correctAnswerText":" natural killer cells.",
"incorrectText1":" neutrophils.",
"incorrectText2":" dendritic cells.",
"incorrectText3":" macrophages.",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
},
{
"itemId":"28AO22EH",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Inflammation occurs in response to chemicals secreted by",
"correctAnswerText":" mast cells.",
"incorrectText1":" natural killer cells.",
"incorrectText2":" plasma cells.",
"incorrectText3":" B cells.",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
},
{
"itemId":"T2XDOHVK",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":" ________ are cells that leave the capillaries and enter tissue to attack and ingest invading microbes.",
"correctAnswerText":" Phagocytes",
"incorrectText1":" Lymphocytes",
"incorrectText2":" Mast cells",
"incorrectText3":" Natural killer cells",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
},
{
"itemId":"WP5ZPEOA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Histamine causes",
"correctAnswerText":" increased warmth at the site of infection.",
"incorrectText1":" decreased blood flow.",
"incorrectText2":" decreased inflammation.",
"incorrectText3":" less leaky capillaries.",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
},
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"itemId":"L0Z6ERSL",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Pyrogens are produced by phagocytic white blood cells in response to infection. Pyrogens:",
"correctAnswerText":" initiate an increase in body temperature.",
"incorrectText1":" increase the diversity of neutrophils.",
"incorrectText2":" decrease the diversity of neutrophils.",
"incorrectText3":" decrease the body temperature.",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
},
{
"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"A natural killer cell prevents viral infection by",
"correctAnswerText":" enzymatically destroying cells that are infected with a virus.",
"incorrectText1":" enzymatically degrading all viruses.",
"incorrectText2":" secreting proteins that make pores in the viral membrane.",
"incorrectText3":" ingesting the viruses and digesting them.",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
},
{
"itemId":"228X6V3K",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following is a consequence of histamine release?",
"correctAnswerText":" Leaky capillary walls",
"incorrectText1":" Constriction of the smooth muscle that surrounds arterioles",
"incorrectText2":" Decreased blood flow",
"incorrectText3":" Initiation of blood clotting",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
},
{
"itemId":"JWWD0R5U",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Aspirin reduces fevers; however, many physicians do NOT recommend aspirin to patients with a low-grade fevers. Why not?",
"correctAnswerText":" Fevers are helpful to the immune response because they slow down bacterial reproduction rates.",
"incorrectText1":" Aspirin increases the activity of phagocytic white blood cells.",
"incorrectText2":" By decreasing fevers, aspirin decreases the amount of interferon produced by the body.",
"incorrectText3":" Aspirin increases the release of pyrogens.",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
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{
"itemId":"LSUV73ZY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Macrophages",
"correctAnswerText":" act by phagocytosis.",
"incorrectText1":" cannot squeeze through capillary walls.",
"incorrectText2":" are microbe-digesting enzymes in tears, saliva, and mucus.",
"incorrectText3":" are microbes located within the immune system.",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
},
{
"itemId":"H5D3Q60F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Natural killer cells",
"correctAnswerText":" destroy body cells that have been invaded by viruses.",
"incorrectText1":" are a type of B cell.",
"incorrectText2":" engulf and destroy bacteria.",
"incorrectText3":" are located on the skin.",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
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"itemId":"3WI7OIP8",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The inflammatory response includes",
"correctAnswerText":" localized tissue swelling.",
"incorrectText1":" the absence of histamine.",
"incorrectText2":" reduced blood clotting.",
"incorrectText3":" the release of specific antibodies.",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
},
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"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Why is it sometimes a disadvantage to take aspirin to reduce a fever?",
"correctAnswerText":" Aspirin reduces the fever and therefore decreases the activity of phagocytic white blood cells.",
"incorrectText1":" Aspirin makes you irritable and fatigued.",
"incorrectText2":" Aspirin reduces the fever and also stimulates a dangerous inflammatory response.",
"incorrectText3":" Aspirin reduces the production of toxins so that you feel better, even though you are still sick and need to rest.",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
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"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
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"questionText":"________ is (ar responsible for starting fevers.",
"correctAnswerText":" Pyrogens",
"incorrectText1":" B cells",
"incorrectText2":" T cells",
"incorrectText3":" Histamine",
"categoryName":"Defenses Against Disease"
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"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Endocrine communication depends on",
"correctAnswerText":" chemicals secreted into the blood for delivery.",
"incorrectText1":" electrical signals within individual cells.",
"incorrectText2":" chemicals secreted through ducts.",
"incorrectText3":" target cells not binding to a hormone.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemId":"5UMVKFFR",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Local hormones are",
"correctAnswerText":" released by a cell into the surrounding interstitial fluid and affect only other nearby cells.",
"incorrectText1":" released from one cell and transferred via the blood to target cells throughout the body.",
"incorrectText2":" released from a nerve cell and then diffuse across a synaptic gap to influence the target cells.",
"incorrectText3":" electrical signals that move between adjacent cells.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemId":"6M7C6Z9W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of these proteins identifies a cell as a target cell for a hormone?",
"correctAnswerText":" Receptors",
"incorrectText1":" Cyclic AMP",
"incorrectText2":" Neurotransmitters",
"incorrectText3":" Response proteins",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemId":"D41HJLCA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Endocrine hormones are",
"correctAnswerText":" biochemicals released from one cell and transferred via the blood to other (target) cells.",
"incorrectText1":" released from a nerve cell and diffuse across a synaptic gap to influence the target cells.",
"incorrectText2":" chemicals that are released by a cell into the surrounding extracellular fluid and affect only other nearby cells.",
"incorrectText3":" electrical signals that move between adjacent cells.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemId":"6VUMYN0O",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Neurotransmitters are",
"correctAnswerText":" released from a nerve cell and diffuse across a synaptic gap to influence the target cells.",
"incorrectText1":" biochemicals released from one cell and transferred via the blood to other (target) cells.",
"incorrectText2":" chemicals that are released by a cell into the surrounding extracellular fluid and affect only other nearby cells.",
"incorrectText3":" electrical signals that move between adjacent cells.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"questionText":"Which of the following causes cervical dilation during labor?",
"correctAnswerText":" Prostaglandins",
"incorrectText1":" Estrogen",
"incorrectText2":" Progesterone",
"incorrectText3":" Oxytocin",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Histamine is an example of a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" local hormone.",
"incorrectText1":" neurotransmitter.",
"incorrectText2":" endocrine hormone.",
"incorrectText3":" synaptic messenger.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"What are prostaglandins?",
"correctAnswerText":" Modified fatty acids",
"incorrectText1":" Modified amino acids",
"incorrectText2":" Peptides or proteins",
"incorrectText3":" Steroids",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemId":"KI7116J4",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"You woke up this morning with a headache from staying up cramming last night, so you took an aspirin. This should",
"correctAnswerText":" help because aspirin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis.",
"incorrectText1":" help because aspirin stimulates the production of prostaglandins.",
"incorrectText2":" make the headache worse because aspirin increases the production of endorphins.",
"incorrectText3":" help because aspirin blocks the production of endorphins.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemId":"1J3KH69F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Testosterone is made in the testes, where it stimulates sperm development. Additionally, testosterone is carried in the blood throughout the body, stimulating the growth of facial hair and muscles. Therefore, testosterone is",
"correctAnswerText":" both a local and an endocrine hormone.",
"incorrectText1":" a local hormone.",
"incorrectText2":" a neurotransmitter.",
"incorrectText3":" an endocrine hormone.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of these is a documented effect of a prostaglandin?",
"correctAnswerText":" Pain stimulation",
"incorrectText1":" Dilation of blood vessels",
"incorrectText2":" Stopping premature labor",
"incorrectText3":" Decreased inflammation",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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{
"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Endocrine glands secrete their products",
"correctAnswerText":" into the bloodstream.",
"incorrectText1":" directly into the target cells.",
"incorrectText2":" into the digestive tract.",
"incorrectText3":" into glandular ducts.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"During childbirth, the endocrine hormone oxytocin causes muscle contraction in the uterus. The other muscles in the mother's body do not contract. Which statement correctly explains this scenario?",
"correctAnswerText":" The non-uterine muscles in the mother's body do not contain receptors for oxytocin.",
"incorrectText1":" Endocrine hormones such as oxytocin do not travel through the blood, so they do not make contact with non-uterine muscles.",
"incorrectText2":" Oxytocin is released by the uterus only, so other muscles do not receive its signals.",
"incorrectText3":" Oxytocin is released by the fetus and diffuses into the amniotic fluid inside the uterus. Therefore, only uterine muscles are stimulated.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemId":"28AO22EH",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Peptide hormones, amino acid derived hormones, and steroid hormones are types of",
"correctAnswerText":" endocrine hormones.",
"incorrectText1":" neurotransmitters.",
"incorrectText2":" local hormones.",
"incorrectText3":" paracrine hormones.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemId":"T2XDOHVK",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following statements is correct regarding the effects of endocrine hormones?",
"correctAnswerText":" Binding with receptor proteins can cause changes in cell metabolism and/or gene transcription.",
"incorrectText1":" Binding with receptor proteins can only cause changes in cell metabolism.",
"incorrectText2":" Binding with receptor proteins can only affect gene transcription.",
"incorrectText3":" Binding with receptor proteins can only occur when activating or inhibiting enzymes are present.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemId":"WP5ZPEOA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Because steroid hormones are lipid soluble, they",
"correctAnswerText":" can pass through the plasma membrane.",
"incorrectText1":" are repelled by the plasma membrane.",
"incorrectText2":" must bind to receptor proteins on the surface of the plasma membrane.",
"incorrectText3":" only affect muscle cells with high lipid content.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemId":"L0Z6ERSL",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The hormone ADH is regulated by negative feedback. Which of the following statements is correct about ADH regulation?",
"correctAnswerText":" A high blood concentration of ADH will slow down or stop further production of ADH.",
"incorrectText1":" A high blood concentration of ADH will increase the rate of ADH production.",
"incorrectText2":" Drinking a lot of water will increase the rate of ADH production.",
"incorrectText3":" A high blood concentration of ADH will make you feel thirsty.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"A diet that lacks cholesterol would limit the production of",
"correctAnswerText":" steroid hormones.",
"incorrectText1":" cyclic AMP.",
"incorrectText2":" amino acid derivatives.",
"incorrectText3":" peptide hormones.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemId":"228X6V3K",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Water-soluble hormones bind to molecules in the ________ of the target cell.",
"correctAnswerText":" plasma membrane",
"incorrectText1":" nucleus",
"incorrectText2":" cytoplasm",
"incorrectText3":" mitochondria",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemId":"JWWD0R5U",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"When the hormone epinephrine binds to receptors on the surface of a heart muscle cell, a new molecule, called cyclic AMP, is produced. Cyclic AMP then causes the heart muscle cells to contract, increasing blood flow throughout the body. In this example, cyclic AMP is acting as a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" second messenger.",
"incorrectText1":" energy carrier.",
"incorrectText2":" intercellular enzyme.",
"incorrectText3":" target cell.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemId":"LSUV73ZY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Most steroid hormones are synthesized from",
"correctAnswerText":" cholesterol.",
"incorrectText1":" insulin.",
"incorrectText2":" amino acids.",
"incorrectText3":" linoleic acid.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
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"itemId":"H5D3Q60F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Steroid hormones are lipid soluble and diffuse into all cells in the body. However, not all cells respond to the steroid hormone. Why?",
"correctAnswerText":" Only cells that contain a receptor for the steroid hormone in the cytoplasm or nucleus can respond.",
"incorrectText1":" Only cells with a plasma membrane can respond to a lipid-soluble hormone.",
"incorrectText2":" Not all cells contain the genes necessary to respond to steroid hormones.",
"incorrectText3":" Only cells with surface protein receptors can respond to steroid hormones.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
},
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"itemId":"3WI7OIP8",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Antidiuretic hormone increases fluid retention when the body sweats and decreases fluid retention when someone has consumed large amounts of water. This is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" negative feedback.",
"incorrectText1":" positive feedback.",
"incorrectText2":" neurotransmitter activity.",
"incorrectText3":" solubility factors.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
},
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"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"When you scratch a mosquito bite, you damage some cells. Damaged cells release histamine, which causes localized swelling. The swelling can crush cells, causing them to release more histamine. This is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" positive feedback.",
"incorrectText1":" negative feedback.",
"incorrectText2":" neurotransmitter activity.",
"incorrectText3":" solubility factors.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
},
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"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"When you eat a bag of cookies, your blood sugar level increases. As blood sugar levels rise, insulin levels increase to move the sugar into the cells and lower the blood sugar level. As the blood sugar level drops, so does the level of insulin. This is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" negative feedback.",
"incorrectText1":" positive feedback.",
"incorrectText2":" neurotransmitter activity.",
"incorrectText3":" solubility factors.",
"categoryName":"Endocrine System"
}
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"questionText":"Which portion of the neuron typically receives information?",
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"incorrectText2":" Cell body",
"incorrectText3":" Axon",
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"questionText":"Electrical signals are transmitted to the synaptic terminals along the",
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"incorrectText3":" dendrite.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is the path a nerve impulse travels within a single neuron?",
"correctAnswerText":" Dendrite → cell body → axon → synaptic terminal",
"incorrectText1":" Synaptic terminal → cell body → axon → dendrite",
"incorrectText2":" Cell body → dendrite → axon → synaptic terminal",
"incorrectText3":" Synaptic terminal → axon → cell body → dendrite",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
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"questionText":"The place where a neuron communicates with a muscle fiber, a gland, or another neuron is called the",
"correctAnswerText":" synapse.",
"incorrectText1":" soma.",
"incorrectText2":" axon.",
"incorrectText3":" dendrite.",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
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"itemId":"6VUMYN0O",
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"questionText":"Axons",
"correctAnswerText":" carry an action potential in the direction of a synapse.",
"incorrectText1":" form the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord.",
"incorrectText2":" act independently of the cell body.",
"incorrectText3":" have neurotransmitter receptors.",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
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"itemId":"MUO7VGYG",
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"questionText":"In neurons, the ________ concentration is higher inside the cell than outside.",
"correctAnswerText":" K+",
"incorrectText1":" Cl—",
"incorrectText2":" Li+",
"incorrectText3":" Na+",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
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"itemId":"VV0YFCYH",
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"questionText":"At a synapse, some neurotransmitters make the postsynaptic neurons more negative. These neurotransmitters produce ________ postsynaptic potentials.",
"correctAnswerText":" inhibitory",
"incorrectText1":" excitatory",
"incorrectText2":" enhancing",
"incorrectText3":" rewarding",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
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"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In a nerve cell at its resting potential, the plasma membrane is most permeable to ________ ions.",
"correctAnswerText":" potassium (K+)",
"incorrectText1":" sodium (Na+)",
"incorrectText2":" chloride (Cl—)",
"incorrectText3":" sugar",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
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"itemId":"KI7116J4",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"When an action potential reaches a portion of the membrane, ________ suddenly open.",
"correctAnswerText":" sodium channels",
"incorrectText1":" potassium channels",
"incorrectText2":" sodium-potassium pumps",
"incorrectText3":" nitrogen channels",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
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"itemId":"1J3KH69F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The resting potential of neurons is between ________ millivolts.",
"correctAnswerText":" —40 and —90",
"incorrectText1":" 40 and 90",
"incorrectText2":" —4 and —9",
"incorrectText3":" 4 and 9",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
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"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Myelin speeds the conduction of impulses along a nerve by",
"correctAnswerText":" allowing the action potential to jump over sections of the axon.",
"incorrectText1":" lowering the threshold levels.",
"incorrectText2":" improving synaptic transmission.",
"incorrectText3":" reducing the action potential.",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
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"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The sodium-potassium pump in the plasma membrane of neurons maintains the concentration gradient of sodium and potassium ions by",
"correctAnswerText":" pumping potassium ions into and sodium ions out of the cell.",
"incorrectText1":" pumping both sodium and potassium out of the cell.",
"incorrectText2":" pumping all positive ions out of the cell.",
"incorrectText3":" using ATP to create sodium and potassium ions.",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
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"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"What happens when a neuron reaches the threshold for an action potential?",
"correctAnswerText":" Sodium channels open.",
"incorrectText1":" Sodium channels are closed.",
"incorrectText2":" Potassium diffuses out of the cell.",
"incorrectText3":" The plasma membrane is impermeable.",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
},
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"itemId":"28AO22EH",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Caffeine lowers the threshold for an action potential. That means your nerves",
"correctAnswerText":" are easier to stimulate with caffeine.",
"incorrectText1":" are uncoordinated with caffeine.",
"incorrectText2":" are harder than normal to stimulate with caffeine.",
"incorrectText3":" are unaffected by caffeine.",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
},
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"itemId":"T2XDOHVK",
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"questionText":"The repolarization (i.e., the return of the membrane potential from +60 to —70 mV) of the nerve during an action potential is due mostly to the movement of ________ ions.",
"correctAnswerText":" potassium",
"incorrectText1":" sodium",
"incorrectText2":" chloride",
"incorrectText3":" calcium",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
},
{
"itemId":"WP5ZPEOA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Neurotransmitter action is usually brief because neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, are",
"correctAnswerText":" rapidly broken down by enzymes in the synaptic cleft.",
"incorrectText1":" pumped out of the synaptic cleft by the sodium-potassium pump.",
"incorrectText2":" electrical signals that die shortly after leaving the presynaptic neuron.",
"incorrectText3":" used up by the muscles or glands that are affected by the signal.",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
},
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"questionText":"Addictive drugs that make people feel good, such as cocaine, ecstasy, and methamphetamine, affect the parts of the brain that use which neurotransmitter(s)?",
"correctAnswerText":" Serotonin and dopamine",
"incorrectText1":" Nitric oxide",
"incorrectText2":" GABA",
"incorrectText3":" Serotonin and GABA",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
},
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"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
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"questionText":"The neurotransmitter glutamate excites a person's nervous system. Which drug blocks receptors for glutamate, thus leading to relaxation in a user's brain?",
"correctAnswerText":" Alcohol",
"incorrectText1":" Nicotine",
"incorrectText2":" Caffeine",
"incorrectText3":" Methamphetamine",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
},
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"itemId":"228X6V3K",
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"questionText":"The central nervous system interprets signal frequency as",
"correctAnswerText":" stimulus intensity.",
"incorrectText1":" stimulus importance.",
"incorrectText2":" convergence.",
"incorrectText3":" divergence.",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
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"itemId":"JWWD0R5U",
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"questionText":"The intensity of a stimulus is indicated by the ________ of action potentials.",
"correctAnswerText":" frequency",
"incorrectText1":" duration",
"incorrectText2":" speed",
"incorrectText3":" intensity",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
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"itemId":"LSUV73ZY",
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"questionText":"Which stimulus would the body perceive as the strongest?",
"correctAnswerText":" 100 action potentials per minute",
"incorrectText1":" 5 action potentials per minute",
"incorrectText2":" 10 action potentials per minute",
"incorrectText3":" 20 action potentials per minute",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
},
{
"itemId":"H5D3Q60F",
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"questionText":"If a broken nose pushed a bone fragment against the olfactory (smell) nerve, triggering an action potential, the person would",
"correctAnswerText":" register the sensation as a smell.",
"incorrectText1":" register the sensation as a visual stimulus.",
"incorrectText2":" lose the sense of smell.",
"incorrectText3":" not register the sensation at all.",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
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"itemId":"3WI7OIP8",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"If I step on a shard of glass while playing volleyball barefoot, which path will the reflex to pull my foot up follow?",
"correctAnswerText":" Sensory nerve → spinal cord → motor nerve → effector",
"incorrectText1":" Motor nerve → spinal cord → brain → spinal cord → sensory nerve → effector",
"incorrectText2":" Sensory nerve → spinal cord → brain → spinal cord → motor nerve → effector",
"incorrectText3":" Sensory nerve → motor nerve → spinal cord → brain",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
},
{
"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Motor neurons",
"correctAnswerText":" connect to the effector organs.",
"incorrectText1":" contract.",
"incorrectText2":" carry impulses to the spinal cord.",
"incorrectText3":" carry impulses to the brain.",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
},
{
"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Nerve nets are found in",
"correctAnswerText":" jellyfish.",
"incorrectText1":" invertebrates.",
"incorrectText2":" humans.",
"incorrectText3":" flatworms.",
"categoryName":"Nervous System"
}
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"questionText":"A biological molecule that responds to a stimulus is a",
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"incorrectText2":" Pacinian corpuscles.",
"incorrectText3":" Meissner's corpuscles.",
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"questionText":"Mechanoreceptors include",
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"incorrectText3":" taste buds.",
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"incorrectText2":" hair cells.",
"incorrectText3":" Pacinian corpuscles.",
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"questionText":"Sensory receptors are grouped by the",
"correctAnswerText":" stimuli to which they respond.",
"incorrectText1":" part of the central nervous system to which they connect.",
"incorrectText2":" brain cells they stimulate.",
"incorrectText3":" types of action potentials they generate.",
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"incorrectText3":" response.",
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"questionText":"The intensity of a stimulus is indicated by the ________ of action potentials.",
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"incorrectText2":" speed",
"incorrectText3":" intensity",
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"questionText":"Receptor potentials cause ________ to be released from sensory receptors.",
"correctAnswerText":" neurotransmitters",
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"incorrectText2":" axons",
"incorrectText3":" corpuscles",
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"incorrectText3":" inversely proportional to",
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"questionText":"Odor molecules stimulate responses in",
"correctAnswerText":" olfactory receptors.",
"incorrectText1":" hair cells.",
"incorrectText2":" Pacinian corpuscles.",
"incorrectText3":" Meissner's corpuscles.",
"categoryName":"Senses"
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"questionText":"Which of the following is a mechanoreceptor?",
"correctAnswerText":" Hair cell",
"incorrectText1":" Olfactory receptor",
"incorrectText2":" Heat receptor",
"incorrectText3":" Rod or cone",
"categoryName":"Senses"
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"questionText":"Which type of receptor signals that your stomach is full after a big meal?",
"correctAnswerText":" Mechanoreceptor",
"incorrectText1":" Pain receptor",
"incorrectText2":" Chemoreceptor",
"incorrectText3":" Photoreceptor",
"categoryName":"Senses"
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"questionText":"Which of the following accessory structures will respond to rapid vibrations or a sharp poke?",
"correctAnswerText":" Pacinian corpuscles",
"incorrectText1":" Rods",
"incorrectText2":" Olfactory receptors",
"incorrectText3":" Hair cells",
"categoryName":"Senses"
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"questionText":"Which mechanoreceptors are nearest the surface of the epidermis and respond to light touch?",
"correctAnswerText":" Meissner's corpuscles",
"incorrectText1":" Cones",
"incorrectText2":" Hair cells",
"incorrectText3":" Pacinian corpuscles",
"categoryName":"Senses"
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"questionText":"Hair cells in the human ear are located on the",
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"incorrectText1":" pinna.",
"incorrectText2":" tympanic membrane.",
"incorrectText3":" round window.",
"categoryName":"Senses"
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"questionText":"Which of these structures can be swiveled around in some animals to better locate a sound?",
"correctAnswerText":" Pinna",
"incorrectText1":" Hammer",
"incorrectText2":" Cochlea",
"incorrectText3":" Anvil",
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"incorrectText2":" stirrup.",
"incorrectText3":" anvil.",
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"questionText":"When sound waves travel through the auditory canal they stimulate the ________ membrane, which then vibrates the hammer (malleus) in the middle ear.",
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"incorrectText1":" auditory",
"incorrectText2":" vestibular",
"incorrectText3":" pinna",
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"incorrectText2":" photoreceptors.",
"incorrectText3":" thermoreceptors.",
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"questionText":"If the doctor says you have a middle ear infection, which of the following could be involved?",
"correctAnswerText":" Anvil, hammer, or stirrup",
"incorrectText1":" Pinna",
"incorrectText2":" Cochlea",
"incorrectText3":" Vestibular apparatus",
"categoryName":"Senses"
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"questionText":"Why are we able to perceive the pitch of a sound?",
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"incorrectText1":" The hammer, anvil, and stirrup vibrate at different speeds.",
"incorrectText2":" Rods vibrate in response to high-frequency sounds and cones respond to low-frequency sounds.",
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"questionText":"The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are located in the",
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"incorrectText2":" inner ear.",
"incorrectText3":" auditory canal.",
"categoryName":"Senses"
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"questionText":"The receptor cells for hearing are located in the",
"correctAnswerText":" cochlea.",
"incorrectText1":" semicircular canals.",
"incorrectText2":" pinna.",
"incorrectText3":" utricle.",
"categoryName":"Senses"
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"questionText":"Which of the following is the sequence of structures through which sound waves travel to stimulate hearing?",
"correctAnswerText":" Outer ear → tympanic membrane → middle ear → oval window → cochlea",
"incorrectText1":" Outer ear → tympanic membrane → Eustachian tube → cochlea → oval window",
"incorrectText2":" Outer ear → oval window → middle ear → tympanic membrane → cochlea",
"incorrectText3":" Outer ear → Eustachian tube → oval window → tympanic membrane → basilar membrane",
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"questionText":"The oval window is a membrane",
"correctAnswerText":" covering the opening to the cochlea.",
"incorrectText1":" connecting the outer ear and the middle ear.",
"incorrectText2":" between the cornea and the lens.",
"incorrectText3":" separating the lens and the retina.",
"categoryName":"Senses"
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"questionText":"Skeletal muscle",
"correctAnswerText":" moves the body.",
"incorrectText1":" makes up the heart.",
"incorrectText2":" squeezes food through the digestive tract.",
"incorrectText3":" contracts the large blood vessels.",
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"questionText":"Which of these muscle components is the smallest?",
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"incorrectText1":" Skeletal muscle",
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"incorrectText3":" Muscle fiber",
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"questionText":"What is the purpose of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?",
"correctAnswerText":" Storage of calcium ions",
"incorrectText1":" Storage of ATP",
"incorrectText2":" Bundling of nerve cells",
"incorrectText3":" Contraction",
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"questionText":"Protein discs that connect sarcomeres are called",
"correctAnswerText":" Z lines.",
"incorrectText1":" T tubules.",
"incorrectText2":" actin.",
"incorrectText3":" myofilaments.",
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"questionText":"The myofibrils of skeletal muscle are organized into units called",
"correctAnswerText":" sarcomeres.",
"incorrectText1":" the sarcoplasmic reticulum.",
"incorrectText2":" Z lines.",
"incorrectText3":" exoskeletons.",
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"questionText":"The thick filaments of a myofibril are composed of",
"correctAnswerText":" myosin.",
"incorrectText1":" tendons.",
"incorrectText2":" T tubules.",
"incorrectText3":" actin.",
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"questionText":"Skeletal muscle appears striped because of",
"correctAnswerText":" the arrangement of thick and thin filaments.",
"incorrectText1":" T tubules.",
"incorrectText2":" accessory proteins in thin filaments.",
"incorrectText3":" wrapping of sarcoplasmic reticulum around the myofibril.",
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"questionText":"The T tubules of a muscle fiber are formed from",
"correctAnswerText":" plasma membrane.",
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"incorrectText2":" neurons.",
"incorrectText3":" osteocytes.",
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"questionText":"The connective tissues that connect muscles to bones are called",
"correctAnswerText":" tendons.",
"incorrectText1":" ligaments.",
"incorrectText2":" thick filaments.",
"incorrectText3":" thin filaments.",
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"questionText":"Which molecule contains a binding site for the attachment of myosin heads?",
"correctAnswerText":" Actin",
"incorrectText1":" Sarcoplasmic reticulum",
"incorrectText2":" ATP",
"incorrectText3":" Calcium",
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"questionText":"An action potential travels into the muscle fiber interior by passing down the",
"correctAnswerText":" T tubules.",
"incorrectText1":" sarcomere.",
"incorrectText2":" myofilaments.",
"incorrectText3":" actin and myosin.",
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"questionText":"The site of communication between a neuron and a muscle fiber is called a",
"correctAnswerText":" neuromuscular junction.",
"incorrectText1":" Z line.",
"incorrectText2":" sarcomere.",
"incorrectText3":" axon.",
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"questionText":"The strength of leg muscle contractions when lifting a heavy object is determined by the",
"correctAnswerText":" frequency of action potentials and number of muscle fibers stimulated.",
"incorrectText1":" number of thick and thin filaments involved in each sarcomere during contraction.",
"incorrectText2":" number of calcium ions released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.",
"incorrectText3":" amount of ATP used by each active sarcomere during muscle contraction.",
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"questionText":"The function of the accessory proteins troponin and tropomyosin is to",
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"incorrectText1":" generate an action potential.",
"incorrectText2":" prevent overcontraction of muscle fibers.",
"incorrectText3":" prevent calcium from entering the fibers.",
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"questionText":"Muscles used for activities that require fine motor control, such as holding and writing with a pencil, have",
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"incorrectText1":" motor units consisting of many muscle cells.",
"incorrectText2":" many neuromuscular junctions.",
"incorrectText3":" large amounts of ATP.",
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"questionText":"The accessory protein that calcium binds to in order to activate skeletal muscle contraction is",
"correctAnswerText":" troponin.",
"incorrectText1":" myosin.",
"incorrectText2":" actin.",
"incorrectText3":" tropomyosin.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is true according to the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction?",
"correctAnswerText":" When a muscle fiber is contracting, the thin fibers are connected to the thick fibers.",
"incorrectText1":" When actin pushes the Z lines farther apart, the muscle contracts.",
"incorrectText2":" The energy for contraction comes from the breakdown of actin into myosin.",
"incorrectText3":" The muscle relaxes when calcium ions are released into the fluid surrounding the thick and thin filaments.",
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"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
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"questionText":"When a muscle fiber receives an action potential from a neuron, how many sarcomeres in the fiber contract?",
"correctAnswerText":" All of the sarcomeres in the fiber contract.",
"incorrectText1":" A number directly proportional to the strength of the action potential contracts.",
"incorrectText2":" A number inversely proportional to the strength of the action potential contracts.",
"incorrectText3":" None of the sarcomeres in the fiber contract.",
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"questionText":"The term motor unit refers to",
"correctAnswerText":" all the muscle fibers with which one motor neuron synapses.",
"incorrectText1":" an entire skeletal muscle.",
"incorrectText2":" all the motor neurons going to a skeletal muscle.",
"incorrectText3":" all the skeletal muscles in one body part.",
"categoryName":"Skeletal and Muscle System"
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"questionText":"The fluid in the sarcoplasmic reticulum contains a high concentration of ________ ions, which are released by the stimulation of an action potential.",
"correctAnswerText":" calcium",
"incorrectText1":" potassium",
"incorrectText2":" sodium",
"incorrectText3":" iron",
"categoryName":"Skeletal and Muscle System"
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"itemId":"LSUV73ZY",
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"questionText":"A muscle fiber generates maximum contractile force when",
"correctAnswerText":" it receives repeated action potentials from a nerve.",
"incorrectText1":" it has been stretched excessively.",
"incorrectText2":" some of the myofibrils contract and then relax at the same time.",
"incorrectText3":" it has been exposed to creatine phosphate.",
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"questionText":"Skeletal muscle produces force as the ________ walk along the ________.",
"correctAnswerText":" myosin heads; actin",
"incorrectText1":" actin heads; myosin",
"incorrectText2":" ATP molecules; microtubules",
"incorrectText3":" creatine phosphate molecules; ATP molecules",
"categoryName":"Skeletal and Muscle System"
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"itemId":"3WI7OIP8",
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"questionText":"________ is (ar part of the thick filaments; ________ is (ar part of the thin filaments.",
"correctAnswerText":" Myosin; actin",
"incorrectText1":" Actin; myosin",
"incorrectText2":" Z lines; T tubules",
"incorrectText3":" T tubules; Z lines",
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"questionText":" In a muscle that is resistant to fatigue, such as a marathon runner's leg muscle, you would expect",
"correctAnswerText":" elevated levels of ATP.",
"incorrectText1":" very few mitochondria.",
"incorrectText2":" a limited (or decrease blood supply.",
"incorrectText3":" a nonstriated appearance.",
"categoryName":"Skeletal and Muscle System"
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"questionText":"Where are the largest motor units in human muscles located?",
"correctAnswerText":" Leg muscles",
"incorrectText1":" Facial muscles",
"incorrectText2":" Arm muscles",
"incorrectText3":" Muscles in the hand",
"categoryName":"Skeletal and Muscle System"
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"questionText":"Which of the following is the best definition of parthenogenesis?",
"correctAnswerText":" Eggs from a female developing into offspring without being fertilized",
"incorrectText1":" The creation of new organisms from body parts that have been pinched off from the parent",
"incorrectText2":" The combining of genetic material from two parents to produce offspring with a new genotype",
"incorrectText3":" Gametes from the male developing into new offspring without combining with an egg",
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"questionText":"Brittle stars can multiply by regrowing a whole individual from a severed leg. This is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" regeneration.",
"incorrectText1":" sexual reproduction.",
"incorrectText2":" parthenogenesis.",
"incorrectText3":" hermaphrodism.",
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"questionText":"All male honeybees develop from unfertilized eggs. This is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" parthenogenesis.",
"incorrectText1":" sexual reproduction.",
"incorrectText2":" external fertilization.",
"incorrectText3":" hermaphrodism.",
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"questionText":" ________ is the asexual process by which an organism grows a small version of itself on the body of the adult, which then pinches off when it is large enough to be independent.",
"correctAnswerText":" Budding",
"incorrectText1":" Fission",
"incorrectText2":" Parthenogenesis",
"incorrectText3":" Mitosis",
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"incorrectText2":" reproduces by regeneration.",
"incorrectText3":" spawns.",
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"questionText":"Spawning depends on",
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"incorrectText2":" internal fertilization.",
"incorrectText3":" asexual reproduction.",
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"questionText":"The production of new phenotypes occurs with",
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"incorrectText2":" parthenogenesis.",
"incorrectText3":" budding.",
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"questionText":"The most important function of sexual reproduction is",
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"incorrectText2":" keeping the genes from changing.",
"incorrectText3":" limiting genetic recombination.",
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"questionText":"Female salmon build nests in gravel river bottoms to lay eggs, which are then fertilized by male salmon that approach and deposit their sperm over the eggs. This is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" spawning.",
"incorrectText1":" parthenogenesis.",
"incorrectText2":" copulation.",
"incorrectText3":" hermaphrodism.",
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"questionText":"environment are called",
"correctAnswerText":" pheromones.",
"incorrectText1":" hormones.",
"incorrectText2":" telemones.",
"incorrectText3":" apomones.",
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"questionText":"Puberty is triggered when brain maturation causes the hypothalamus to secrete",
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"incorrectText1":" human chorionic hormone (HCG).",
"incorrectText2":" luteinizing hormone (LH).",
"incorrectText3":" progesterone.",
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"questionText":"If a child develops an anterior pituitary tumor that reduces LH and FSH production, the child will",
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"incorrectText1":" not develop gonads.",
"incorrectText2":" produce excess testosterone or estrogen.",
"incorrectText3":" develop secondary sexual characteristics before puberty.",
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"questionText":"The development of secondary sexual characteristics is due to",
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"incorrectText1":" decreased levels of GnRH.",
"incorrectText2":" decreased LH levels.",
"incorrectText3":" increased levels of progesterone.",
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"questionText":"In men, as testosterone levels increase, LH levels",
"correctAnswerText":" decrease.",
"incorrectText1":" increase.",
"incorrectText2":" remain the same.",
"incorrectText3":" move up or down depending on the point in the cycle.",
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"questionText":"The only flagellated cells in the human body are",
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"incorrectText2":" primary oocytes.",
"incorrectText3":" mature ova.",
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"questionText":"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)",
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"incorrectText2":" is made by the ovaries.",
"incorrectText3":" is produced by the pituitary.",
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"questionText":"What is the function of an acrosome?",
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"incorrectText1":" It holds large numbers of mitochondria.",
"incorrectText2":" It propels the sperm through the female reproductive tract.",
"incorrectText3":" It contains a haploid nucleus.",
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"questionText":"In the male, the primary target of FSH is",
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"incorrectText2":" bulbourethral glands.",
"incorrectText3":" interstitial cells.",
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"questionText":"Which of these hormones stimulates the production of testosterone?",
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"incorrectText2":" FSH",
"incorrectText3":" Chorionic gonadotropin",
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"questionText":"Mature sperm are stored in the",
"correctAnswerText":" epididymis.",
"incorrectText1":" seminal vesicles.",
"incorrectText2":" prostate gland.",
"incorrectText3":" urethra.",
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"itemId":"LSUV73ZY",
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"questionText":"The epididymis connects the",
"correctAnswerText":" testis and the vas deferens.",
"incorrectText1":" seminiferous tubules and the urethra.",
"incorrectText2":" vas deferens and the urethra.",
"incorrectText3":" vas deferens and the seminal vesicles.",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is the correct path sperm travel on their way out of the male?",
"correctAnswerText":" Seminiferous tubules → epididymis → vas deferens → urethra",
"incorrectText1":" Epididymis → urethra → vas deferens → seminiferous tubules",
"incorrectText2":" Seminiferous tubules → vas deferens → urethra → epididymis",
"incorrectText3":" Epididymis → seminiferous tubules → vas deferens → urethra",
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"questionText":"What would happen to male hormone levels if the hypothalamus produced GnRH continuously?",
"correctAnswerText":" LH, FSH, and testosterone levels would be high.",
"incorrectText1":" Only LH and FSH levels would be high.",
"incorrectText2":" Only testosterone levels would be high.",
"incorrectText3":" Only LH and FSH levels would be low.",
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"questionText":"Why is it necessary for the testes to be in the scrotum to function properly?",
"correctAnswerText":" The scrotum keeps the testes at a cool temperature necessary for sperm production.",
"incorrectText1":" The scrotum contains alkaline fluids to nourish the sperm.",
"incorrectText2":" The scrotum elevates the temperature of the testes, which increases sperm production.",
"incorrectText3":" The testes develop from scrotal tissues.",
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"questionText":"If the prostate gland failed to add its enzyme-rich fluid to semen, the",
"correctAnswerText":" semen would not exhibit the fluidity needed for sperm to swim freely in the vagina.",
"incorrectText1":" sperm would starve from lack of fructose.",
"incorrectText2":" semen would lack lubricating mucus.",
"incorrectText3":" egg would be killed by the acidic vaginal secretions.",
"categoryName":"Animal Reporduction"
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"questionText":"One characteristic of animal development is the specialization in both structure and function that cells undergo. This is called",
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"incorrectText1":" direct development.",
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"questionText":"What is differentiation?",
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"incorrectText1":" The process in which different tissues specialize into specific organs",
"incorrectText2":" The process in which different organs specialize in function",
"incorrectText3":" The process in which the embryo specializes into different sexual organs",
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"questionText":"If a cell divides by mitosis so that one cell eventually becomes part of the brain and the other cell becomes part of a salivary gland, the cells have",
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"incorrectText1":" lost genes.",
"incorrectText2":" increased their genetic variability.",
"incorrectText3":" diffused.",
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"questionText":"When a researcher transplanted the nucleus of an intestinal cell from a tadpole into an egg cell whose nucleus had been destroyed, the egg developed into a normal frog. This illustrates that",
"correctAnswerText":" each cell of an organism has all the genes needed for development.",
"incorrectText1":" the homeobox genes in a transplanted nucleus undergo mutation.",
"incorrectText2":" a nucleus that is removed from its normal location is influenced by adjoining cells.",
"incorrectText3":" scientists can clone a human by putting one of his or her nuclei into an egg cell.",
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"questionText":"The metamorphosis of a caterpillar into a butterfly is an example of",
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"incorrectText1":" direct development.",
"incorrectText2":" placental development.",
"incorrectText3":" internal development.",
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"questionText":"Birds hatch out of their eggs looking like small versions of the adult. This is an example of",
"correctAnswerText":" direct development.",
"incorrectText1":" genetic dwarfism.",
"incorrectText2":" indirect development.",
"incorrectText3":" internal development.",
"categoryName":"Animal Development"
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"questionText":"Human embryos differ from bird embryos in that",
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"incorrectText1":" bird embryos have an extra membrane, the allantois, that is not found in human embryos.",
"incorrectText2":" human embryos have no yolk sac.",
"incorrectText3":" human embryos do not develop into a primitive streak stage.",
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"questionText":"The embryo of the ________ undergoes direct development.",
"correctAnswerText":" bluebird",
"incorrectText1":" butterfly",
"incorrectText2":" lobster",
"incorrectText3":" frog",
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"itemId":"KI7116J4",
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"questionText":"During the embryonic stage, a hollow ball of cells is known as a",
"correctAnswerText":" blastula.",
"incorrectText1":" morula.",
"incorrectText2":" gastrula.",
"incorrectText3":" larva.",
"categoryName":"Animal Development"
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"questionText":"At the blastula stage, the embryo consists of",
"correctAnswerText":" a hollow ball of cells.",
"incorrectText1":" a solid mass of cells, each the size of the zygote.",
"incorrectText2":" three differentiated layers of cells.",
"incorrectText3":" cells that have different DNA content.",
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"questionText":"The nervous system forms from the",
"correctAnswerText":" ectoderm.",
"incorrectText1":" mesoderm.",
"incorrectText2":" endoderm.",
"incorrectText3":" yolk.",
"categoryName":"Animal Development"
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"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The cells that line the inside of the blastopore become the",
"correctAnswerText":" digestive tract.",
"incorrectText1":" skin.",
"incorrectText2":" muscles.",
"incorrectText3":" nervous system.",
"categoryName":"Animal Development"
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"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
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"questionText":"Which of the following is the result of gastrulation?",
"correctAnswerText":" A three-layered embryo",
"incorrectText1":" A morula",
"incorrectText2":" A zygote",
"incorrectText3":" The formation of organs",
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"questionText":"________ is the developmental event that results in the formation of a primitive gut and the three tissue layers.",
"correctAnswerText":" Gastrulation",
"incorrectText1":" Blastulation",
"incorrectText2":" Metamorphosis",
"incorrectText3":" Cleavage",
"categoryName":"Animal Development"
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"questionText":"Which germ layer forms the pancreas?",
"correctAnswerText":" Endoderm",
"incorrectText1":" Ectoderm",
"incorrectText2":" Mesoderm",
"incorrectText3":" Somite",
"categoryName":"Animal Development"
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"questionText":"Which extraembryonic membrane lies immediately beneath the shell of a reptile embryo?",
"correctAnswerText":" Chorion",
"incorrectText1":" Allantois",
"incorrectText2":" Amnion",
"incorrectText3":" Yolk sac",
"categoryName":"Animal Development"
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"questionText":"In a reptile egg, which membrane is analogous to a lung?",
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"incorrectText1":" Allantois",
"incorrectText2":" Amnion",
"incorrectText3":" Yolk sac",
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"questionText":"In placental organisms, the ________ of the embryo merges with the endometrial lining of the uterus to form the placenta.",
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"incorrectText1":" allantois",
"incorrectText2":" amnion",
"incorrectText3":" yolk sac",
"categoryName":"Animal Development"
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"questionText":"In a bird egg, the ________ provides the watery environment in which the embryo develops.",
"correctAnswerText":" amnion",
"incorrectText1":" allantois",
"incorrectText2":" chorion",
"incorrectText3":" yolk sac",
"categoryName":"Animal Development"
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"questionText":"If the formation of the endoderm does not take place in an embryo, yet the embryo, for whatever reason, continues to develop, which of the following structures will not develop?",
"correctAnswerText":" Stomach",
"incorrectText1":" Skin",
"incorrectText2":" Heart",
"incorrectText3":" Nervous system",
"categoryName":"Animal Development"
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"itemId":"LSUV73ZY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"During mammalian development, a",
"correctAnswerText":" morula becomes a blastula.",
"incorrectText1":" zygote becomes a blastula.",
"incorrectText2":" gastrula becomes a morula.",
"incorrectText3":" morula becomes gastrula.",
"categoryName":"Animal Development"
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"itemId":"H5D3Q60F",
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"questionText":"Your biceps muscle is derived from the",
"correctAnswerText":" mesoderm.",
"incorrectText1":" endoderm.",
"incorrectText2":" ectoderm.",
"incorrectText3":" blastopore.",
"categoryName":"Animal Development"
},
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"itemId":"3WI7OIP8",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"What makes the cells of a developing embryo differentiate into various types of cells?",
"correctAnswerText":" Different genes are activated.",
"incorrectText1":" They have different genes.",
"incorrectText2":" The DNA of their mitochondria is different.",
"incorrectText3":" Once certain genes of a cell have caused it to differentiate, the other genes are lost.",
"categoryName":"Animal Development"
},
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"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In the 1920s, a German embryologist, Hans Spemann, demonstrated that a small patch of cells, called the dorsal lip of the blastopore, would",
"correctAnswerText":" induce the surrounding cells to differentiate.",
"incorrectText1":" become the neural tube.",
"incorrectText2":" become the digestive tract.",
"incorrectText3":" form the chorion.",
"categoryName":"Animal Development"
},
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"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"After induction occurs, the",
"correctAnswerText":" fate of each cell is permanently fixed.",
"incorrectText1":" cells have different genes.",
"incorrectText2":" DNA of the mitochondria differentiates into new genes.",
"incorrectText3":" transcription of all genes stops.",
"categoryName":"Animal Development"
}
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"questionText":"The flowering plants are commonly called",
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"questionText":"You discover a plant that has unusual fruit around the seed and leaves with parallel veins. In which of the two major groups of flowering plants does it belong, and why?",
"correctAnswerText":" Monocots, because it has parallel veins",
"incorrectText1":" Neither monocot nor dicot, because it has fruits",
"incorrectText2":" Either monocot or dicot, depending on the presence or absence of flowers",
"incorrectText3":" Dicots, because it has fruit around the seed",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"6M7C6Z9W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"All of the following are major functions of roots EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" carrying out photosynthesis.",
"incorrectText1":" producing some hormones.",
"incorrectText2":" transporting water and minerals.",
"incorrectText3":" storing excess sugars.",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"D41HJLCA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following characteristics helps differentiate between a monocot and a dicot?",
"correctAnswerText":" Number of flower parts",
"incorrectText1":" Presence of vascular tissue",
"incorrectText2":" Seeds covered by a fruit",
"incorrectText3":" Whether the plant gains length from an apical or a lateral meristem",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"6VUMYN0O",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Increases in plant length (such as overall height or branch and root length) result from cell division that occurs",
"correctAnswerText":" only in apical meristems at shoot and root tips.",
"incorrectText1":" equally throughout the plant body.",
"incorrectText2":" only from lateral meristems (cambi.",
"incorrectText3":" from cell division of differentiated cells.",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"MUO7VGYG",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"As a 7-year-old child, you helped your father nail a birdhouse 7 feet high on a 10-foot-tall maple tree. If the tree grew an average of 12 inches per year, except during a dry year when it grew only 2 inches, how high in the tree is the birdhouse when you are 18 years old?",
"correctAnswerText":" 7 feet",
"incorrectText1":" 17 feet",
"incorrectText2":" 17 feet, 2 inches",
"incorrectText3":" 19 feet",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"VV0YFCYH",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Plant cells that are actively dividing are ________ cells.",
"correctAnswerText":" meristem",
"incorrectText1":" differentiated",
"incorrectText2":" conducting",
"incorrectText3":" vascular",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"A plant that has only primary growth and no secondary growth does NOT have any",
"correctAnswerText":" development of thick woody branches.",
"incorrectText1":" stem elongation.",
"incorrectText2":" expansion of its root system.",
"incorrectText3":" vascular tissue.",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"KI7116J4",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"What type of cell activity occurs in the meristem regions of plants?",
"correctAnswerText":" Mitosis",
"incorrectText1":" Secondary growth",
"incorrectText2":" Photosynthesis",
"incorrectText3":" Increased water uptake of cells",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"1J3KH69F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"What cell type permits the continued growth of a plant throughout its life?",
"correctAnswerText":" Meristem cells",
"incorrectText1":" Differentiated cells",
"incorrectText2":" Ground tissue cells",
"incorrectText3":" Mesophyll cells",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Where are apical meristems located?",
"correctAnswerText":" At the tips of roots, shoots, and branches",
"incorrectText1":" Scattered throughout the plant",
"incorrectText2":" In cylinders along the side of the root",
"incorrectText3":" Between the xylem and the phloem",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of these plant structures is composed of meristem tissue?",
"correctAnswerText":" Cambium",
"incorrectText1":" Cortex",
"incorrectText2":" Root cap",
"incorrectText3":" Parenchyma",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following is plant tissue derived from lateral meristem cell division and differentiation?",
"correctAnswerText":" Bark",
"incorrectText1":" Flower bud",
"incorrectText2":" Leaf bud",
"incorrectText3":" Stem branch",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"28AO22EH",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"________ cells that convert sugar to starch in mature roots are part of the ________ tissue system.",
"correctAnswerText":" Parenchyma; ground",
"incorrectText1":" Phloem; vascular",
"incorrectText2":" Periderm; dermal",
"incorrectText3":" Xylem; vascular",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"T2XDOHVK",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of these tissue types is (ar found throughout young plant bodies?",
"correctAnswerText":" Epidermis and vascular",
"incorrectText1":" Epidermis only",
"incorrectText2":" Periderm only",
"incorrectText3":" Vascular only",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"WP5ZPEOA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"You are NOT likely to find a nucleus in",
"correctAnswerText":" sclerenchyma.",
"incorrectText1":" parenchyma.",
"incorrectText2":" collenchyma.",
"incorrectText3":" companion cells.",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"L0Z6ERSL",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Water-conducting cells that are narrow and have small central cavities are called",
"correctAnswerText":" tracheids.",
"incorrectText1":" vessel elements.",
"incorrectText2":" sieve-tube elements.",
"incorrectText3":" companion cells.",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The dermal tissue system forms",
"correctAnswerText":" epidermis.",
"incorrectText1":" vascular tissue.",
"incorrectText2":" pith.",
"incorrectText3":" xylem.",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"228X6V3K",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Cells that are alive, have thickened cell walls, and support the plant body are",
"correctAnswerText":" collenchyma.",
"incorrectText1":" parenchyma.",
"incorrectText2":" sclerenchyma.",
"incorrectText3":" phloem.",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
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"itemId":"JWWD0R5U",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"You are examining a rigid plant tissue; it does not flex or bend. Tests show that it is not consuming oxygen gas, as would be expected if aerobic respiration were occurring. This tissue is probably",
"correctAnswerText":" sclerenchyma.",
"incorrectText1":" primary.",
"incorrectText2":" collenchyma.",
"incorrectText3":" parenchyma.",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"LSUV73ZY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Periderm consists of mostly",
"correctAnswerText":" cork cells.",
"incorrectText1":" epidermis.",
"incorrectText2":" lateral meristem.",
"incorrectText3":" undifferentiated cells.",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
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"itemId":"H5D3Q60F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Of the major tissue systems associated with land plants, the ________ system covers the outer surface of the primary plant.",
"correctAnswerText":" dermal",
"incorrectText1":" ground",
"incorrectText2":" meristem",
"incorrectText3":" vascular",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"3WI7OIP8",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The soft, thin-walled, living ground tissue cells that make up most of a leaf such as lettuce are",
"correctAnswerText":" xylem.",
"incorrectText1":" collenchyma.",
"incorrectText2":" sclerenchyma.",
"incorrectText3":" phloem.",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
{
"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Thin-walled, metabolically active cells of parenchyma typically form",
"correctAnswerText":" ground tissue.",
"incorrectText1":" phloem.",
"incorrectText2":" xylem.",
"incorrectText3":" cork.",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
},
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"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Of the types of ground tissues, ________ is (ar generally most abundant.",
"correctAnswerText":" parenchyma",
"incorrectText1":" sclerenchyma",
"incorrectText2":" collenchyma",
"incorrectText3":" tracheids",
"categoryName":"Plant Anatomy"
}
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"itemId":"1AWU4IP3",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Spores and gametes are both haploid reproductive cells. What is the difference between the two?",
"correctAnswerText":" Spores germinate and grow into a multicellular haploid gametophyte.",
"incorrectText1":" Spores fuse and form a diploid zygote that eventually becomes the sporophyte.",
"incorrectText2":" Spores are found only in plants that reproduce asexually, and gametes are found only in plants that reproduce sexually.",
"incorrectText3":"",
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"itemId":"5UMVKFFR",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Ferns and mosses mainly live in moist environments and need water for sexual reproduction because",
"correctAnswerText":" their sperm must swim to the egg.",
"incorrectText1":" pollen is transported to nearby plants by raindrops.",
"incorrectText2":" water is required for sperm production.",
"incorrectText3":" water is required for spore dispersal.",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
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"itemId":"6M7C6Z9W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"A plant, such as an iris, that reproduces asexually most of the time probably",
"correctAnswerText":" has offspring that live in the same environment as the parents.",
"incorrectText1":" is found in a changing environment.",
"incorrectText2":" produces offspring that move into new environments.",
"incorrectText3":" lacks the ability to make flowers.",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
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"itemId":"D41HJLCA",
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"questionText":"If you see moss near the base of a tree in your yard, the green leafy moss plants are",
"correctAnswerText":" gametophytes.",
"incorrectText1":" sporophytes.",
"incorrectText2":" gametes.",
"incorrectText3":" spores.",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
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"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"An oak tree is a",
"correctAnswerText":" sporophyte.",
"incorrectText1":" gametophyte.",
"incorrectText2":" gamete.",
"incorrectText3":" spore.",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
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"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In general, plant evolution has moved from ________ to ________.",
"correctAnswerText":" dominant gametophyte; dominant sporophyte",
"incorrectText1":" dominant sporophyte; dominant gametophyte",
"incorrectText2":" dominant spore; dominant gamete",
"incorrectText3":" dominant gamete; dominant spore",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
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"itemId":"VV0YFCYH",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In general, plant evolution has moved from ________ to ________.",
"correctAnswerText":" nonseed; seed",
"incorrectText1":" seed; nonseed",
"incorrectText2":" fruit; nonseed",
"incorrectText3":" no fruit; no spores",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
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"itemId":"YFUB5CYY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The sexual life cycle of plants is described as alternation of generations because it alternates between",
"correctAnswerText":" sporophytes and gametophytes.",
"incorrectText1":" male plants and female plants.",
"incorrectText2":" reproductive plants and vegetative plants.",
"incorrectText3":" eggs and sperm.",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
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{
"itemId":"KI7116J4",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The sporophyte produces",
"correctAnswerText":" spores by meiosis.",
"incorrectText1":" spores by mitosis.",
"incorrectText2":" gametes by mitosis.",
"incorrectText3":" gametes by meiosis.",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
},
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"itemId":"1J3KH69F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In the alternation of generations, what is formed when a spore germinates?",
"correctAnswerText":" A haploid stage called the gametophyte",
"incorrectText1":" A plant that produces spores when mature",
"incorrectText2":" An increased number of spores",
"incorrectText3":" A plant that meiotically produces sex cells",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
},
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"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In the life cycle of a fern, the large fern plant that we normally see is the",
"correctAnswerText":" sporophyte.",
"incorrectText1":" spore.",
"incorrectText2":" gamete.",
"incorrectText3":" gametophyte.",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
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"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In the fern life cycle, how do spores and gametes differ?",
"correctAnswerText":" Meiotic cell division produces haploid spores; mitotic cell division produces haploid gametes.",
"incorrectText1":" Gametes are easily visible to the unaided eye; spores are not.",
"incorrectText2":" Spores are produced mitotically; gametes are produced meiotically.",
"incorrectText3":" Gametes are diploid; spores are haploid.",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
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"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"________ results in the production of spores in flowering plants.",
"correctAnswerText":" Meiosis",
"incorrectText1":" Fertilization",
"incorrectText2":" Germination",
"incorrectText3":" Spermatogenesis",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
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"itemId":"28AO22EH",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following has a gametophyte that is an independent plant that dominates the life cycle and does not have a sporophyte that is an independent plant?",
"correctAnswerText":" Moss",
"incorrectText1":" Pine",
"incorrectText2":" Fern",
"incorrectText3":" Rose",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
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"itemId":"T2XDOHVK",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of the following is male in the life cycle of angiosperms?",
"correctAnswerText":" Pollen grain",
"incorrectText1":" Embryo sac",
"incorrectText2":" Megaspore mother cell",
"incorrectText3":" Seed cone",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
},
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"itemId":"WP5ZPEOA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In flowering plants, the sperm does not have to swim to the egg. The sperm reaches the eggs by",
"correctAnswerText":" a pollen tube.",
"incorrectText1":" wind pollination.",
"incorrectText2":" burrowing through the embryo sac wall.",
"incorrectText3":" cell division within the spore case.",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
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"itemId":"L0Z6ERSL",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Angiosperms with wind-dispersed pollen include",
"correctAnswerText":" grasses.",
"incorrectText1":" pine trees.",
"incorrectText2":" roses.",
"incorrectText3":" ferns.",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
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"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"A pollen grain is actually the",
"correctAnswerText":" male gametophyte.",
"incorrectText1":" female gametophyte.",
"incorrectText2":" combination of male and female gametophytes.",
"incorrectText3":" megaspore mother cell.",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
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"itemId":"228X6V3K",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Conifers do not have flowers to attract pollinators. Instead, fertilization occurs",
"correctAnswerText":" via wind pollination.",
"incorrectText1":" as the sperm and egg unite inside the woody cone.",
"incorrectText2":" when the endosperm takes the place of the male gametes.",
"incorrectText3":" when insects coated with pollen are trapped in the sticky resin.",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
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"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"During a late-summer walk through a park, you notice a tree that has remnants of many flowers but no fruits or seeds developing. There are no other trees like this one in the area. What could explain this occurrence?",
"correctAnswerText":" It is a male tree with only male flowers that produce pollen, but no seed, and hence does not form fruit.",
"incorrectText1":" It is a female tree, and there are no known male trees of the same species in the area.",
"incorrectText2":" It is actually a gymnosperm, not an angiosperm.",
"incorrectText3":" It is a species that reproduces only by runners, not via fruits (or the seeds they contain).",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
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"itemId":"LSUV73ZY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Grass flowers lack petals and sepals. Which of the following statements is true?",
"correctAnswerText":" They are incomplete flowers lacking one or more floral parts.",
"incorrectText1":" These flowers are pollinated at night, so they don't benefit from showy petals or sepals.",
"incorrectText2":" They are pollinated by flies, which don't require showy, scented petals.",
"incorrectText3":" They are imperfect flowers lacking stamen or carpals.",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
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"itemId":"H5D3Q60F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Flowers that make only pollen lack",
"correctAnswerText":" carpels.",
"incorrectText1":" petals.",
"incorrectText2":" sepals.",
"incorrectText3":" stamens.",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
},
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"itemId":"3WI7OIP8",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"All of these flower structures are modified leaves EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" pollen.",
"incorrectText1":" petals.",
"incorrectText2":" carpels.",
"incorrectText3":" sepals.",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
},
{
"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"An incomplete flower",
"correctAnswerText":" lacks one or more of the four basic floral parts.",
"incorrectText1":" remains in the bud stage and does not bloom.",
"incorrectText2":" produces sterile seeds.",
"incorrectText3":" manufactures infertile pollen.",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
},
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"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"All of the following are included in the male parts of a flower EXCEPT:",
"correctAnswerText":" ovules.",
"incorrectText1":" stamens.",
"incorrectText2":" pollen.",
"incorrectText3":" anthers.",
"categoryName":"Plant Reproduction"
}
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"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"How is the carnivorous plant lifestyle suited for an existence in bogs?",
"correctAnswerText":" Bogs are naturally high in nitrogen.",
"incorrectText1":" The lack of nitrogen in bogs selects for the carnivorous plant lifestyle of ingesting and digesting insects and animals for nitrogen.",
"incorrectText2":" Bogs contain many soil-based proteins, which are a good source of nitrogen.",
"incorrectText3":" Bogs contain rich populations of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which provide nitrogen to the plants.",
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"questionText":"How a plant cell responds to a hormone depends on the",
"correctAnswerText":" concentration of the hormone.",
"incorrectText1":" cell that secretes the hormone.",
"incorrectText2":" shelf life of the hormone.",
"incorrectText3":" presence of other plant cells nearby.",
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"questionText":"After seeds were planted, some of the seedlings did not emerge from the soil. Is it possible that this is because some of the seeds were planted upside down?",
"correctAnswerText":" No; auxins in the shoots cause curvature away from gravity.",
"incorrectText1":" Yes; if the seed was oriented so that the embryonic shoot pointed down, it would grow in that direction because sunlight doesn't reach it.",
"incorrectText2":" Yes; after seeds are planted, water and settling of the soil may cause them to shift in their orientation.",
"incorrectText3":" No; sunlight penetrates soil to the depth of seeds and shoots grow toward the sunlight.",
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"itemId":"D41HJLCA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Why do bananas in a bag ripen so much faster than bananas on a counter top?",
"correctAnswerText":" Ethylene, produced by the fruit, is trapped in the bag.",
"incorrectText1":" Abscisic acid, produced by the fruit, is trapped in the bag.",
"incorrectText2":" The bag holds in more moisture.",
"incorrectText3":" Auxins are present in low concentrations in the bag because sunlight stimulates the production of this hormone.",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
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"itemId":"6VUMYN0O",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"A plant's tendency to grow toward a source of light is called",
"correctAnswerText":" phototropism.",
"incorrectText1":" lumitropism.",
"incorrectText2":" gravitropism.",
"incorrectText3":" amylotropism.",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
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"itemId":"MUO7VGYG",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Pea plant tendrils wrapping around a string demonstrate",
"correctAnswerText":" thigmotropism.",
"incorrectText1":" phototropism.",
"incorrectText2":" lumitropism.",
"incorrectText3":" gravitropism.",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
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"itemId":"VV0YFCYH",
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"questionText":"Tomatoes that are planted upside down still grow upright, displaying",
"correctAnswerText":" gravitropism.",
"incorrectText1":" phototropism.",
"incorrectText2":" lumitropism.",
"incorrectText3":" amylotropism.",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
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"questionText":"A scientist who claims to have discovered a new plant hormone must demonstrate that this compound is",
"correctAnswerText":" formed in one part of the plant but has an effect in a different part.",
"incorrectText1":" produced in large amounts.",
"incorrectText2":" needed by the plant as a major source of energy.",
"incorrectText3":" capable of stimulating differentiated cells to form meristem tissue.",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
},
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"itemId":"KI7116J4",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Gravitropism is a plant's",
"correctAnswerText":" directional response to gravity.",
"incorrectText1":" response to stress-inducing situations.",
"incorrectText2":" ability to grow only upward.",
"incorrectText3":" ability to form an abscission layer, so that the fruits and leaves fall from the plant.",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
},
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"itemId":"1J3KH69F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The synthetic herbicide 2,4-D is actually a(n)",
"correctAnswerText":" auxin.",
"incorrectText1":" cytokinin.",
"incorrectText2":" ethylene gas.",
"incorrectText3":" florigen.",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
},
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"itemId":"25JQZLYX",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"The hormone ________ was named after the fungus that causes foolish seedling disease in rice.",
"correctAnswerText":" gibberellin",
"incorrectText1":" cytokinin",
"incorrectText2":" ethylene",
"incorrectText3":" florigen",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
},
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"itemId":"TQY9E0VY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Why does removing an overripe, mushy apple from a container of otherwise good apples help preserve the good apples?",
"correctAnswerText":" The overripe apple makes ethylene gas, which can cause the good apples to become overripe.",
"incorrectText1":" Ethylene production in the good apples is inhibited by the lack of ethylene production in the overripe apple.",
"incorrectText2":" Chemicals in the overripe apple stimulate the conversion of sugar to starch in the good apples.",
"incorrectText3":" The production of cytokinins is inhibited in the remaining good apples.",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
},
{
"itemId":"QYO0BXIQ",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Roots grow downward and shoots grow upward due to",
"correctAnswerText":" auxin.",
"incorrectText1":" gibberellin.",
"incorrectText2":" cytokinin.",
"incorrectText3":" ethylene.",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
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"itemId":"28AO22EH",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"________ triggers the formation of weak-celled abscission layers in leaves and fruits, allowing them to drop off at appropriate times during the year.",
"correctAnswerText":" Ethylene",
"incorrectText1":" Auxin",
"incorrectText2":" Gibberellin",
"incorrectText3":" Cytokinin",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
},
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"itemId":"T2XDOHVK",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Seed germination is stimulated by",
"correctAnswerText":" gibberellin.",
"incorrectText1":" auxin.",
"incorrectText2":" cytokinin.",
"incorrectText3":" ethylene.",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
},
{
"itemId":"WP5ZPEOA",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Which of these hormones helps plants tolerate drought and cold?",
"correctAnswerText":" Abscisic acid",
"incorrectText1":" Auxin",
"incorrectText2":" Gibberellin",
"incorrectText3":" Cytokinin",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
},
{
"itemId":"L0Z6ERSL",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"If you want to keep cut flowers fresh, treat them with",
"correctAnswerText":" cytokinin.",
"incorrectText1":" auxin.",
"incorrectText2":" gibberellin.",
"incorrectText3":" ethylene.",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
},
{
"itemId":"SA2POGX6",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"In 2007, research confirmed the existence of hormones that control the timing of flowering.  These hormones are called",
"correctAnswerText":" florigens.",
"incorrectText1":" auxins.",
"incorrectText2":" cytokinins.",
"incorrectText3":" ethylenes.",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
},
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"itemId":"228X6V3K",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"A botanist who wants to stimulate flower formation could treat the plants with",
"correctAnswerText":" gibberellin.",
"incorrectText1":" abscisic acid.",
"incorrectText2":" auxin.",
"incorrectText3":" cytokinin.",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
},
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"itemId":"JWWD0R5U",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"________ maintains seed dormancy, and ________ ends seed dormancy by stimulating enzymes that break down the food reserves of the seed to fuel seedling growth.",
"correctAnswerText":" Abscisic acid; gibberellin",
"incorrectText1":" Gibberellin; abscisic acid",
"incorrectText2":" Auxin; cytokinin",
"incorrectText3":" Cytokinin; auxin",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
},
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"itemId":"LSUV73ZY",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"A species-specific ratio of ________ produced in the apical meristem and ________ produced in the root tips maintains a balance between shoot and root growth.",
"correctAnswerText":" auxins; cytokinins",
"incorrectText1":" gibberellins; abscisic acid",
"incorrectText2":" abscisic acid; gibberellins",
"incorrectText3":" cytokinins; auxins",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
},
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"itemId":"H5D3Q60F",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"What will happen to a long-day plant, such as spinach, if the light—dark pattern is interrupted by a flash of light for several days in a row during the spring?",
"correctAnswerText":" The plants are tricked into flowering earlier than usual.",
"incorrectText1":" Nothing will happen; growth and development will continue as normal.",
"incorrectText2":" The plants will be delayed in flowering.",
"incorrectText3":" The plants won't flower that season.",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
},
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"itemId":"3WI7OIP8",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Placing a ripe apple in a bag of green bananas will cause the bananas to ripen quickly. This is because the apple",
"correctAnswerText":" produces ethylene gas.",
"incorrectText1":" absorbs cytokinin.",
"incorrectText2":" forms digestive enzymes.",
"incorrectText3":" makes auxin.",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
},
{
"itemId":"RY7WM61W",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"Cutting a hedge with a trimmer stimulates it to become bushy because",
"correctAnswerText":" removing the apical meristems results in less auxin, which results in more lateral branch growth.",
"incorrectText1":" removing the apical meristems makes more auxin, which stimulates lateral branch buds to grow.",
"incorrectText2":" removing the apical meristems makes less ethylene, which stimulates lateral branches to grow.",
"incorrectText3":" removing the lateral buds results in apical dominance under the influence of cytokinins.",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
},
{
"itemId":"UATE8Y61",
"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion",
"questionText":"To encourage the formation of well-developed, heavily branched roots, you should treat cuttings with",
"correctAnswerText":" auxin.",
"incorrectText1":" ethylene.",
"incorrectText2":" gibberellin.",
"incorrectText3":" abscisic acid.",
"categoryName":"Plant Responses"
}
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{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"Which statement best describes human insulin that is produced by genetically engineered bacteria?","correctAnswerText":"This insulin may have fewer side effects than the insulin previously extracted from the pancreas of other animals.","incorrectText1":"This insulin will not function normally in humans because it is produced by bacteria.","incorrectText2":"This insulin is produced as a result of human insulin being inserted into bacteria cells.","incorrectText3":" This insulin is produced as a result of exposing bacteria cells to radiation, which produces a mutation. ","categoryName":"Genetics","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"This insulin may have fewer side effects than the insulin previously extracted from the pancreas of other animals."},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"Which statements best describe the relationship between the terms chromosomes, genes, and nuclei?","correctAnswerText":"Genes are found on chromosomes. Chromosomes are found in nuclei.","incorrectText1":"Chromosomes are found on genes. Genes are found in nuclei.","incorrectText2":"Chromosomes are found in nuclei. Nuclei are found in genes.","incorrectText3":"Genes are found in nuclei. Nuclei are found in chromosomes.","categoryName":"Genetics","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"Genes are found on chromosomes. Chromosomes are found in nuclei."},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"  In the human pancreas, acinar cells produce digestive enzymes and beta cells produce insulin. The best explanation for this is that","correctAnswerText":"different parts of an individual's DNA are used to direct the synthesis of different proteins in different types of cells","incorrectText1":"a mutation occurs in the beta cells to produce insulin when the sugar level increases in the blood","incorrectText2":"lowered sugar levels cause the production of insulin in acinar cells to help maintain homeostasis","incorrectText3":"the genes in acinar cells came from one parent while the genes in beta cells came from the other parent","categoryName":"Genetics","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"different parts of an individual's DNA are used to direct the synthesis of different proteins in different types of cells"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"Enzymes are used in moving sections of DNA that code for insulin from the pancreas cells of humans into a certain type of bacterial cell. This bacterial cell will reproduce, giving rise to offspring that are able to form","correctAnswerText":"human insulin","incorrectText1":"antibodies against insulin","incorrectText2":"enzymes that digest insulin","incorrectText3":"a new type of insulin","categoryName":"Genetics","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"human insulin"},
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{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"One variety of strawberry is resistant to a damaging fungus, but produces small fruit. Another strawberry variety produces large fruit, but is not resistant to the same fungus. The two desirable qualities may be combined in a new variety of strawberry plant by","correctAnswerText":"selective breeding","incorrectText1":"cloning","incorrectText2":"asexual reproduction","incorrectText3":"direct harvesting","categoryName":"Genetics","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"selective breeding"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"Luciferin is a molecule that, when broken down in fireflies, produces heat and light. The rate at which luciferin is broken down in cells is controlled by","correctAnswerText":"an enzyme","incorrectText1":"a carbohydrate","incorrectText2":"a simple sugar","incorrectText3":"a complex fat","categoryName":"Unity of Life","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"an enzyme"},
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{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"In a cell, all organelles work together to carry out","correctAnswerText":"metabolic processes","incorrectText1":"diffusion","incorrectText2":"active transport","incorrectText3":"information storage","categoryName":"Unity of Life","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"metabolic processes"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"The ability of certain hormones to attach to a cell is primarily determined by the","correctAnswerText":"receptor molecules in the cell membrane","incorrectText1":"proteins in the cytoplasm of the cell","incorrectText2":"amount of DNA in the cell","incorrectText3":"concentration of salts outside the cell","categoryName":"Unity of Life","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"receptor molecules in the cell membrane"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"When a person does strenuous exercise, small blood vessels (capillaries) near the surface of the skin increase in diameter. This change allows the body to be cooled. These statements best illustrate","correctAnswerText":"homeostasis","incorrectText1":"synthesis","incorrectText2":"excretion","incorrectText3":"locomotion","categoryName":"Unity of Life","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"homeostasis"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"Dodder is a creeping vine that is parasitic on other plants. Which characteristic does dodder share with all other heterotrophs?","correctAnswerText":"It consumes preformed organic molecules.","incorrectText1":"It produces nutrients by photosynthesis.","incorrectText2":"It must grow in bright locations.","incorrectText3":"It remains in one place for its entire life.","categoryName":"Unity of Life","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"It consumes preformed organic molecules."},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"In a forest community, a shelf fungus and a slug live on the side of a decaying tree trunk. The fungus digests and absorbs materials from the tree, while the slug eats algae growing on the outside of the trunk. These organisms do not compete with one another because they occupy","correctAnswerText":"the same habitat, but different niches","incorrectText1":"the same niche, but different habitats","incorrectText2":"the same niche and the same habitat","incorrectText3":"different habitats and different niches","categoryName":"Unity of Life","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"the same habitat, but different niches"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"For a natural ecosystem to be self-sustaining, many essential chemical elements must be","correctAnswerText":"cycled between organisms and the environment","incorrectText1":"converted to energy ","incorrectText2":"changed into fossil fuels such as oil and coal ","incorrectText3":"permanently removed from the environment ","categoryName":"Ecology","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"cycled between organisms and the environment"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"Which type of model provides the most complete representation of the feeding relationships within a community?","correctAnswerText":"a food web","incorrectText1":"a material cycle ","incorrectText2":"a predator-prey association ","incorrectText3":"food chain","categoryName":"Ecology","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"a food web"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"Which type of model provides the most complete representation of the feeding relationships within a community?","correctAnswerText":"a food web","incorrectText1":" a material cycle ","incorrectText2":"a predator-prey association ","incorrectText3":"a food chain ","categoryName":"Ecology","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"a food web"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"An ecosystem will most likely remain stable if","correctAnswerText":"it has a high level of biodiversity","incorrectText1":" it has more predators than prey ","incorrectText2":"biotic factors decrease ","incorrectText3":"finite resources decrease ","categoryName":"Ecology","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"it has a high level of biodiversity"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"Which sequence best represents the flow of energy in the cartoon shown","correctAnswerText":"producer --> herbivore","incorrectText1":"prey --> predator ","incorrectText2":"host --> parasite ","incorrectText3":"autotroph --> carnivore ","categoryName":"Ecology","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"producer --> herbivore"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"What would most likely occur after an ecosystem is disrupted by fire?","correctAnswerText":"The ecosystem would eventually return to its original state.","incorrectText1":"The ecosystem would return to its previous state immediately. ","incorrectText2":"he ecosystem would evolve into a new ecosystem that is totally different from the original.","incorrectText3":"The ecosystem would become an everchanging environment with no stability.","categoryName":"Ecology","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"The ecosystem would eventually return to its original state."},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"What will most likely result after a fire or other natural disaster damages an ecosystem in a certain area?","correctAnswerText":"An ecosystem similar to the original one will eventually be reestablished if the climate is stable.","incorrectText1":" The area will remain uninhabited for an indefinite number of centuries.","incorrectText2":"A stable ecosystem will be reestablished after one year","incorrectText3":"The stable ecosystem that becomes reestablished in the area will be different from the original","categoryName":"Ecology","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"An ecosystem similar to the original one will eventually be reestablished if the climate is stable."},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"The dense needles of Douglas fir trees can prevent most light from reaching the forest floor. This situation would have the most immediate effect on","correctAnswerText":"producers","incorrectText1":"carnivores ","incorrectText2":"herbivores ","incorrectText3":"decomposers ","categoryName":"Ecology","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"producers"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"Which statement best describes a characteristic of an ecosystem?","correctAnswerText":"It must have organisms that carry out autotrophic nutrition.","incorrectText1":"It must have producers and consumers but not decomposers.","incorrectText2":" It is stable because it has consumers to recycle energy","incorrectText3":" It always has two or more different autotrophs filling the same niche","categoryName":"Ecology","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"It must have organisms that carry out autotrophic nutrition."},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"Which statement illustrates a biotic resource interacting with an abiotic resource?","correctAnswerText":"A plant absorbs sunlight, which is used for photosynthesis","incorrectText1":"A rock moves during an earthquake.","incorrectText2":"A sea turtle transports a pilot fish to food. ","incorrectText3":"A wind causes waves to form on a lake. ","categoryName":"Ecology","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"A plant absorbs sunlight, which is used for photosynthesis"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"Heavy cigarette smoking and the use of alcohol throughout pregnancy usually increase the likelihood of","correctAnswerText":"a baby being born with medical problems","incorrectText1":" the birth of twins ","incorrectText2":" the birth of a male baby ","incorrectText3":" a baby being born with a viral infection ","categoryName":"Reproduction","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"a baby being born with medical problems"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"Within which structure in the human body does specialization of parts of the developing baby take place?","correctAnswerText":"uterus","incorrectText1":" ovary ","incorrectText2":" testis ","incorrectText3":" pancreas ","categoryName":"Reproduction","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"uterus"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"Which statement best explains the significance of meiosis in the process of evolution within a species?","correctAnswerText":"Meiosis provides for variation in the gametes produced by an organism.","incorrectText1":" The gametes produced by meiosis ensure the continuation of any particular species by asexual reproduction. ","incorrectText2":" Equal numbers of eggs and sperm are produced by meiosis. ","incorrectText3":" Meiosis produces eggs and sperm that are alike. ","categoryName":"Reproduction","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"Meiosis provides for variation in the gametes produced by an organism."},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"During the last months of pregnancy, the brain of a human embryo undergoes an essential -growth spurt.- Which action by the mother would most likely pose the greatest threat to the normal development of the nervous system of the embryo at this time?","correctAnswerText":"spraying pesticides in the garden","incorrectText1":" taking prescribed vitamins on a daily basis ","incorrectText2":" maintaining a diet high in fiber and low in fat ","incorrectText3":" not exercising ","categoryName":"Reproduction","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"spraying pesticides in the garden"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"A human zygote is produced from gametes that are usually identical in","correctAnswerText":"chromosome number","incorrectText1":" the expression of encoded information ","incorrectText2":" the number of altered genes present ","incorrectText3":" cell size ","categoryName":"Reproduction","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"chromosome number"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"In animals, the normal development of an embryo is dependent on","correctAnswerText":"mitosis and the differentiation of cells after fertilization has occurred","incorrectText1":" fertilization of a mature egg by many sperm cell ","incorrectText2":" production of new cells having twice the number of chromosomes as the zygote ","incorrectText3":" production of body cells having half the number of chromosomes as the zygote ","categoryName":"Reproduction","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"mitosis and the differentiation of cells after fertilization has occurred"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"Which process normally occurs at the placenta?","correctAnswerText":"Materials are exchanged between fetal and maternal blood.","incorrectText1":" Oxygen diffuses from fetal blood to maternal blood. ","incorrectText2":" Maternal blood is converted into fetal blood. ","incorrectText3":" Digestive enzymes pass from maternal blood to fetal blood. ","categoryName":"Reproduction","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"Materials are exchanged between fetal and maternal blood."},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"Individual cells can be isolated from a mature plant and grown with special mixtures of growth hormones to produce a number of genetically identical plants. This process is known as","correctAnswerText":"cloning","incorrectText1":" meiotic division ","incorrectText2":" recombinant DNA technology ","incorrectText3":" selective breeding ","categoryName":"Reproduction","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"cloning"},
{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"Cloning an individual usually produces organisms that","correctAnswerText":"contain identical genes","incorrectText1":" contain dangerous mutations ","incorrectText2":" are identical in appearance and behavior ","incorrectText3":" produce enzymes different from the parent ","categoryName":"Reproduction","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"contain identical genes"},
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{"itemType":"BT_quizQuestion","questionText":"One function of the placenta in a human is to","correctAnswerText":"permit passage of nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the fetus","incorrectText1":" surround the embryo and protect it from shock ","incorrectText2":" allow for mixing of maternal blood with fetal blood ","incorrectText3":" act as the heart of the fetus, pumping blood until the fetus is born ","categoryName":"Reproduction","exp_screen_enable":"1","exp_screen_text":"permit passage of nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the fetus"},
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